# Message Expiry

Messages can be set with an optional *time to live* when sending them.

Apache ActiveMQ Artemis will not deliver a message to a consumer after it's
time to live has been exceeded. If the message hasn't been delivered by the
time that time to live is reached the server can discard it.

Apache ActiveMQ Artemis's addresses can be assigned an expiry address so that,
when messages are expired, they are removed from the queue and sent to the
expiry address. Many different queues can be bound to an expiry address.  These
*expired* messages can later be consumed for further inspection.

## Core API

Using Apache ActiveMQ Artemis Core API, you can set an expiration time directly
on the message:

```java
// message will expire in 5000ms from now
message.setExpiration(System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000);
```

JMS MessageProducer allows to set a TimeToLive for the messages it sent:

```java
// messages sent by this producer will be retained for 5s (5000ms) before expiration
producer.setTimeToLive(5000);
```

Expired messages which are consumed from an expiry address have the following
properties:

- `_AMQ_ORIG_ADDRESS`

  a String property containing the *original address* of the expired
  message

- `_AMQ_ORIG_QUEUE`

  a String property containing the *original queue* of the expired
  message

- `_AMQ_ACTUAL_EXPIRY`

  a Long property containing the *actual expiration time* of the
  expired message
  
## Configuring Expiry Delay

Default Expiry delay can be configured in the address-setting configuration:

```xml
<!-- expired messages in exampleQueue will be sent to the expiry address expiryQueue -->
<address-setting match="exampleQueue">
   <expiry-delay>10</expiry-delay>
</address-setting>
```

`expiry-delay` defines the expiration time in milliseconds that will be used for messages 
which are using the default expiration time (i.e. 0). 
  
For example, if `expiry-delay` is set to "10" and a message which is using the default 
expiration time (i.e.10) arrives then its expiration time of "0" will be changed to "10." 
However, if a message which is using an expiration time of "20" arrives then its expiration
time will remain unchanged. Setting `expiry-delay` to "-1" will disable this feature. 
  
The default is "-1".

## Configuring Expiry Addresses

Expiry address are defined in the address-setting configuration:

```xml
<!-- expired messages in exampleQueue will be sent to the expiry address expiryQueue -->
<address-setting match="exampleQueue">
   <expiry-address>expiryQueue</expiry-address>
</address-setting>
```

If messages are expired and no expiry address is specified, messages are simply
removed from the queue and dropped. Address [wildcards](wildcard-syntax.md) can
be used to configure expiry address for a set of addresses.

## Configuring The Expiry Reaper Thread

A reaper thread will periodically inspect the queues to check if messages have
expired.

The reaper thread can be configured with the following properties in
`broker.xml`

- `message-expiry-scan-period`

  How often the queues will be scanned to detect expired messages (in
  milliseconds, default is 30000ms, set to `-1` to disable the reaper thread)

- `message-expiry-thread-priority`

  The reaper thread priority (it must be between 1 and 10, 10 being the highest
  priority, default is 3)

## Example

See the [Message Expiration Example](examples.md#message-expiration) which
shows how message expiry is configured and used with JMS.