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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
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2002-02-04 20:57:49 +00:00
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<title>Directory-based Tasks</title>
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2001-02-13 12:32:01 +00:00
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2><a name="directorybasedtasks">Directory-based Tasks</a></h2>
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<p>Some tasks use directory trees for the actions they perform.
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For example, the <a href="CoreTasks/javac.html">javac</a> task, which
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compiles a directory tree with <code>.java</code> files into
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<code>.class</code> files, is one of these directory-based tasks. Because
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some of these tasks do so much work with a directory tree, the task itself
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can act as an implicit <a href="CoreTypes/fileset.html">FileSet</a>.</p>
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<p>Whether the fileset is implicit or not, it can often be very useful to
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work on a subset of the directory tree. This section describes how you can
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select a subset of such a directory tree when using one of these
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directory-based tasks.</p>
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<p>Ant gives you two ways to create a subset of files in a fileset, both of
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which can be used at the same time:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Only include files and directories that match any
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<code>include</code> patterns and do not match any
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<code>exclude</code> patterns in a given
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<a href="CoreTypes/patternset.html">PatternSet</a>.</li>
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<li>Select files based on selection criteria defined by a collection of
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<a href="CoreTypes/selectors.html">selector</a> nested elements.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><a name="patternset">Patternset</a></h3>
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<p>We said that Directory-based tasks can sometimes act as an implicit
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<a href="CoreTypes/fileset.html"><code><fileset></code></a>,
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but in addtion to that, a FileSet acts as an implicit
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<a href="CoreTypes/patternset.html"><code><patternset></code></a>.</p>
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<p>The inclusion and exclusion elements of the implicit PatternSet can be
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specified inside the directory-based task (or explicit fileset) via
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either:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>the attributes <code>includes</code> and
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<code>excludes</code>.</li>
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<li>nested elements <code><include></code> and
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<code><exclude></code>.</li>
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<li>external files specified with the attributes
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<code>includesfile</code> and <code>excludesfile</code>.</li>
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<li>external files specified with the nested elements
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<code><includesfile></code> and <code><excludesfile></code>.
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</li>
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</ul>
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When dealing with an external file, each line of the file
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is taken as a pattern that is added to the list of include or exclude
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patterns.</p>
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<p>When both inclusion and exclusion are used, only files/directories that
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match at least one of the include patterns and don't match any of the
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exclude patterns are used. If no include pattern is given, all files
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are assumed to match the include pattern (with the possible exception of
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the default excludes).</p>
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<h4><a name="patterns">Patterns</a></h4>
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<p>As described earlier, patterns are used for the inclusion and exclusion
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of files. These patterns look very much like the patterns used in DOS and
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UNIX:</p>
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<p>'*' matches zero or more characters, '?' matches one character.</p>
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<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
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<p>
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<code>*.java</code> matches <code>.java</code>,
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<code>x.java</code> and <code>FooBar.java</code>, but
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not <code>FooBar.xml</code> (does not end with <code>.java</code>).</p>
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<p>
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<code>?.java</code> matches <code>x.java</code>,
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<code>A.java</code>, but not <code>.java</code> or <code>xyz.java</code>
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(both don't have one character before <code>.java</code>).</p>
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<p>
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Combinations of <code>*</code>'s and <code>?</code>'s are allowed.</p>
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<p>Matching is done per-directory. This means that first the first directory in
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the pattern is matched against the first directory in the path to match. Then
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the second directory is matched, and so on. For example, when we have the pattern
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<code>/?abc/*/*.java</code>
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and the path <code>/xabc/foobar/test.java</code>,
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the first <code>?abc</code> is matched with <code>xabc</code>,
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then <code>*</code> is matched with <code>foobar</code>,
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and finally <code>*.java</code> is matched with <code>test.java</code>.
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They all match, so the path matches the pattern.</p>
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<p>To make things a bit more flexible, we add one extra feature, which makes it
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possible to match multiple directory levels. This can be used to match a
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complete directory tree, or a file anywhere in the directory tree.
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To do this, <code>**</code>
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must be used as the name of a directory.
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When <code>**</code> is used as the name of a
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directory in the pattern, it matches zero or more directories.
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For example:
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<code>/test/**</code> matches all files/directories under <code>/test/</code>,
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such as <code>/test/x.java</code>,
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or <code>/test/foo/bar/xyz.html</code>, but not <code>/xyz.xml</code>.</p>
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2001-03-09 08:54:35 +00:00
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<p>There is one "shorthand" - if a pattern ends
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with <code>/</code>
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or <code>\</code>, then <code>**</code>
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is appended.
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For example, <code>mypackage/test/</code> is interpreted as if it were
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<code>mypackage/test/**</code>.</p>
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<p><b>Example patterns:</b></p>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><code>**/CVS/*</code></td>
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<td valign="top">Matches all files in <code>CVS</code>
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directories that can be located
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anywhere in the directory tree.<br>
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Matches:
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<pre>
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CVS/Repository
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org/apache/CVS/Entries
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org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/CVS/Entries
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</pre>
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But not:
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<pre>
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org/apache/CVS/foo/bar/Entries (<code>foo/bar/</code>
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part does not match)</td>
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</pre>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><code>org/apache/jakarta/**</code></td>
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<td valign="top">Matches all files in the <code>org/apache/jakarta</code>
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directory tree.<br>
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Matches:
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<pre>
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org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/docs/index.html
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org/apache/jakarta/test.xml
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</pre>
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But not:
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<pre>
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org/apache/xyz.java
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</pre>
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(<code>jakarta/</code> part is missing).</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><code>org/apache/**/CVS/*</code></td>
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<td valign="top">Matches all files in <code>CVS</code> directories
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that are located anywhere in the directory tree under
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<code>org/apache</code>.<br>
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Matches:
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<pre>
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org/apache/CVS/Entries
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org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/CVS/Entries
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</pre>
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But not:
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<pre>
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org/apache/CVS/foo/bar/Entries
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</pre>
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(<code>foo/bar/</code> part does not match)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><code>**/test/**</code></td>
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<td valign="top">Matches all files that have a <code>test</code>
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element in their path, including <code>test</code> as a filename.</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>When these patterns are used in inclusion and exclusion, you have a powerful
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way to select just the files you want.</p>
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2003-02-04 17:29:11 +00:00
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<h3><a name="selectors">Selectors</a></h3>
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<p>The <a href="CoreTypes/fileset.html"><code><fileset></code></a>,
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whether implicit or explicit in the
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directory-based task, also acts as an
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<a href="CoreTypes/selectors.html#andselect"><code><and></code></a>
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selector container. This can be used to create arbitrarily complicated
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selection criteria for the files the task should work with. See the
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<a href="CoreTypes/selectors.html">Selector</a> documentation for more
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information.</p>
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<h3><a name="tasklist">Standard Tasks/Filesets</a></h3>
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<p>Many of the standard tasks in ant take one or more filesets which follow
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the rules given here. This list, a subset of those, is a list of standard ant
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tasks that can act as an implicit fileset:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/checksum.html"><checksum></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/copydir.html"><copydir></a> (deprecated)</li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/delete.html"><delete></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/dependset.html"><dependset></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/fixcrlf.html"><fixcrlf></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/javac.html"><javac></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/replace.html"><replace></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/rmic.html"><rmic></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/style.html"><style> (aka <xslt>)</a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/tar.html"><tar></a></li>
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<li><a href="CoreTasks/zip.html"><zip></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/ejb.html#ddcreator"><ddcreator></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/ejb.html#ejbjar.html"><ejbjar></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/ejb.html#ejbc"><ejbc></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/cab.html"><cab></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/icontract.html"><icontract></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/native2ascii.html"><native2ascii></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/netrexxc.html"><netrexxc></a></li>
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<li>
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<a href="OptionalTasks/renameextensions.html"><renameextensions></a>
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</li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/depend.html"><depend></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/dotnet.html"><ilasm></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/dotnet.html"><csc></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/dotnet.html"><vbc></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/translate.html"><translate></a></li>
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<li>
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<a href="Integration/VAJAntTool.html#vajexport"><vajexport></a>
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</li>
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<li><image></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/jlink.html"><jlink></a> (deprecated)</li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/jspc.html"><jspc></a></li>
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<li><a href="OptionalTasks/wljspc.html"><wljspc></a></li>
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</ul>
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<h3><a name="examples">Examples</a></h3>
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<pre>
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<copy todir="${dist}">
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<fileset dir="${src}"
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includes="**/images/*"
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excludes="**/*.gif"
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/>
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</copy></pre>
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<p>This copies all files in directories called <code>images</code> that are
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located in the directory tree defined by <code>${src}</code> to the
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destination directory defined by <code>${dist}</code>,
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but excludes all <code>*.gif</code> files from the copy.</p>
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<pre>
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<copy todir="${dist}">
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<fileset dir="${src}">
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<include name="**/images/*"/>
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<exclude name="**/*.gif"/>
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</fileset>
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</copy>
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</pre>
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<p> The same as the example above, but expressed using nested elements.</p>
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<pre>
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<delete dir="${dist}">
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<include name="**/images/*"/>
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<exclude name="**/*.gif"/>
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</delete>
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</pre>
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<p>Deleting the original set of files, the <code>delete</code> task can act
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as an implicit fileset.</p>
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2001-02-13 12:32:01 +00:00
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2001-11-21 16:29:49 +00:00
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<h3><a name="defaultexcludes">Default Excludes</a></h3>
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<p>There are a set of definitions that are excluded by default from all
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directory-based tasks. They are:</p>
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<pre>
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**/*~
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**/#*#
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**/.#*
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**/%*%
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**/._*
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**/CVS
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**/CVS/**
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**/.cvsignore
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**/SCCS
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**/SCCS/**
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**/vssver.scc
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**/.svn
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**/.svn/**
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**/.DS_Store
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</pre>
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<p>If you do not want these default excludes applied, you may disable them
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with the <code>defaultexcludes="no"</code> attribute.</p>
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<hr>
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2003-02-04 17:29:11 +00:00
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<p align="center">Copyright © 2000-2003 Apache Software Foundation. All
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rights Reserved.</p>
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2001-02-13 12:32:01 +00:00
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</body>
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</html>
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