From 0ca84735ad3df33dfb48e9e165db5cb689783869 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Colebourne Date: Fri, 4 Mar 2011 16:07:14 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Javadoc git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/proper/lang/trunk@1078032 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68 --- .../apache/commons/lang3/AnnotationUtils.java | 2 +- .../org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtils.java | 1284 ++++++++--------- .../org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java | 22 +- .../apache/commons/lang3/BooleanUtils.java | 4 +- .../org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java | 20 +- .../org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java | 242 ++-- .../org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtils.java | 8 +- .../commons/lang3/RandomStringUtils.java | 41 +- .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Range.java | 80 +- .../commons/lang3/SerializationException.java | 16 +- .../commons/lang3/SerializationUtils.java | 24 +- .../commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtils.java | 82 +- .../org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java | 962 ++++++------ .../org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtils.java | 324 ++--- .../org/apache/commons/lang3/Validate.java | 186 +-- .../apache/commons/lang3/builder/Builder.java | 2 +- 16 files changed, 1650 insertions(+), 1649 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/AnnotationUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/AnnotationUtils.java index 896c95e56..08cb5a00b 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/AnnotationUtils.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/AnnotationUtils.java @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ protected void appendDetail(StringBuffer buffer, String fieldName, Object value) }; /** - *

AnnotationUtils instances should NOT be constructed in + *

{@code AnnotationUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in * standard programming. Instead, the class should be used statically.

* *

This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtils.java index c27e71c3e..32ca5a131 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtils.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtils.java @@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle; /** - *

Operations on arrays, primitive arrays (like int[]) and - * primitive wrapper arrays (like Integer[]).

+ *

Operations on arrays, primitive arrays (like {@code int[]}) and + * primitive wrapper arrays (like {@code Integer[]}).

* - *

This class tries to handle null input gracefully. - * An exception will not be thrown for a null - * array input. However, an Object array that contains a null + *

This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully. + * An exception will not be thrown for a {@code null} + * array input. However, an Object array that contains a {@code null} * element may throw an exception. Each method documents its behaviour.

* *

#ThreadSafe#

@@ -52,84 +52,84 @@ public class ArrayUtils { /** - * An empty immutable Object array. + * An empty immutable {@code Object} array. */ public static final Object[] EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Object[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Class array. + * An empty immutable {@code Class} array. */ public static final Class[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY = new Class[0]; /** - * An empty immutable String array. + * An empty immutable {@code String} array. */ public static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; /** - * An empty immutable long array. + * An empty immutable {@code long} array. */ public static final long[] EMPTY_LONG_ARRAY = new long[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Long array. + * An empty immutable {@code Long} array. */ public static final Long[] EMPTY_LONG_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Long[0]; /** - * An empty immutable int array. + * An empty immutable {@code int} array. */ public static final int[] EMPTY_INT_ARRAY = new int[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Integer array. + * An empty immutable {@code Integer} array. */ public static final Integer[] EMPTY_INTEGER_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Integer[0]; /** - * An empty immutable short array. + * An empty immutable {@code short} array. */ public static final short[] EMPTY_SHORT_ARRAY = new short[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Short array. + * An empty immutable {@code Short} array. */ public static final Short[] EMPTY_SHORT_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Short[0]; /** - * An empty immutable byte array. + * An empty immutable {@code byte} array. */ public static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Byte array. + * An empty immutable {@code Byte} array. */ public static final Byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Byte[0]; /** - * An empty immutable double array. + * An empty immutable {@code double} array. */ public static final double[] EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY = new double[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Double array. + * An empty immutable {@code Double} array. */ public static final Double[] EMPTY_DOUBLE_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Double[0]; /** - * An empty immutable float array. + * An empty immutable {@code float} array. */ public static final float[] EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY = new float[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Float array. + * An empty immutable {@code Float} array. */ public static final Float[] EMPTY_FLOAT_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Float[0]; /** - * An empty immutable boolean array. + * An empty immutable {@code boolean} array. */ public static final boolean[] EMPTY_BOOLEAN_ARRAY = new boolean[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Boolean array. + * An empty immutable {@code Boolean} array. */ public static final Boolean[] EMPTY_BOOLEAN_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Boolean[0]; /** - * An empty immutable char array. + * An empty immutable {@code char} array. */ public static final char[] EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY = new char[0]; /** - * An empty immutable Character array. + * An empty immutable {@code Character} array. */ public static final Character[] EMPTY_CHARACTER_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Character[0]; /** - * The index value when an element is not found in a list or array: -1. + * The index value when an element is not found in a list or array: {@code -1}. * This value is returned by methods in this class and can also be used in comparisons with values returned by * various method from {@link java.util.List}. */ @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ public class ArrayUtils { /** *

ArrayUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. - * Instead, the class should be used as ArrayUtils.clone(new int[] {2}).

+ * Instead, the class should be used as {@code ArrayUtils.clone(new int[] {2})}.

* *

This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance * to operate.

@@ -149,14 +149,14 @@ public ArrayUtils() { // Basic methods handling multi-dimensional arrays //----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** - *

Outputs an array as a String, treating null as an empty array.

+ *

Outputs an array as a String, treating {@code null} as an empty array.

* *

Multi-dimensional arrays are handled correctly, including * multi-dimensional primitive arrays.

* - *

The format is that of Java source code, for example {a,b}.

+ *

The format is that of Java source code, for example {@code {a,b}}.

* - * @param array the array to get a toString for, may be null + * @param array the array to get a toString for, may be {@code null} * @return a String representation of the array, '{}' if null array input */ public static String toString(Object array) { @@ -164,15 +164,15 @@ public static String toString(Object array) { } /** - *

Outputs an array as a String handling nulls.

+ *

Outputs an array as a String handling {@code null}s.

* *

Multi-dimensional arrays are handled correctly, including * multi-dimensional primitive arrays.

* - *

The format is that of Java source code, for example {a,b}.

+ *

The format is that of Java source code, for example {@code {a,b}}.

* - * @param array the array to get a toString for, may be null - * @param stringIfNull the String to return if the array is null + * @param array the array to get a toString for, may be {@code null} + * @param stringIfNull the String to return if the array is {@code null} * @return a String representation of the array */ public static String toString(Object array, String stringIfNull) { @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ public static String toString(Object array, String stringIfNull) { * *

Multi-dimensional primitive arrays are also handled correctly by this method.

* - * @param array the array to get a hash code for, null returns zero + * @param array the array to get a hash code for, {@code null} returns zero * @return a hash code for the array */ public static int hashCode(Object array) { @@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ public static int hashCode(Object array) { * *

Multi-dimensional primitive arrays are also handled correctly by this method.

* - * @param array1 the left hand array to compare, may be null - * @param array2 the right hand array to compare, may be null - * @return true if the arrays are equal + * @param array1 the left hand array to compare, may be {@code null} + * @param array2 the right hand array to compare, may be {@code null} + * @return {@code true} if the arrays are equal */ public static boolean isEquals(Object array1, Object array2) { return new EqualsBuilder().append(array1, array2).isEquals(); @@ -225,11 +225,11 @@ public static boolean isEquals(Object array1, Object array2) { * {"BLUE", "#0000FF"}}); * * - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* * @param array an array whose elements are either a {@link java.util.Map.Entry} or - * an Array containing at least two elements, may be null - * @return a Map that was created from the array + * an Array containing at least two elements, may be {@code null} + * @return a {@code Map} that was created from the array * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one element of this Array is * itself an Array containing less then two elements * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the array contains elements other @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ public static Map toMap(Object[] array) { * type explicitly like in * Number[] array = ArrayUtils.<Number>toArray(new Integer(42), new Double(Math.PI)), * there is no real advantage when compared to - * new Number[] {new Integer(42), new Double(Math.PI)}.

+ * {@code new Number[] {new Integer(42), new Double(Math.PI)}}.

* * @param the array's element type * @param items the varargs array items, null allowed @@ -309,15 +309,15 @@ public static T[] toArray(final T... items) { //----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** *

Shallow clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* *

The objects in the array are not cloned, thus there is no special * handling for multi-dimensional arrays.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to shallow clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to shallow clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static T[] clone(T[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -328,12 +328,12 @@ public static T[] clone(T[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static long[] clone(long[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ public static long[] clone(long[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static int[] clone(int[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ public static int[] clone(int[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static short[] clone(short[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -376,12 +376,12 @@ public static short[] clone(short[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static char[] clone(char[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -392,12 +392,12 @@ public static char[] clone(char[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static byte[] clone(byte[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -408,12 +408,12 @@ public static byte[] clone(byte[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static double[] clone(double[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -424,12 +424,12 @@ public static double[] clone(double[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static float[] clone(float[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -440,12 +440,12 @@ public static float[] clone(float[] array) { /** *

Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling - * null.

+ * {@code null}.

* - *

This method returns null for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

* - * @param array the array to clone, may be null - * @return the cloned array, null if null input + * @param array the array to clone, may be {@code null} + * @return the cloned array, {@code null} if {@code null} input */ public static boolean[] clone(boolean[] array) { if (array == null) { @@ -457,16 +457,16 @@ public static boolean[] clone(boolean[] array) { // nullToEmpty //----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Object[] nullToEmpty(Object[] array) { @@ -477,16 +477,16 @@ public static Object[] nullToEmpty(Object[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static String[] nullToEmpty(String[] array) { @@ -497,16 +497,16 @@ public static String[] nullToEmpty(String[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static long[] nullToEmpty(long[] array) { @@ -517,16 +517,16 @@ public static long[] nullToEmpty(long[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static int[] nullToEmpty(int[] array) { @@ -537,16 +537,16 @@ public static int[] nullToEmpty(int[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static short[] nullToEmpty(short[] array) { @@ -557,16 +557,16 @@ public static short[] nullToEmpty(short[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static char[] nullToEmpty(char[] array) { @@ -577,16 +577,16 @@ public static char[] nullToEmpty(char[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static byte[] nullToEmpty(byte[] array) { @@ -597,16 +597,16 @@ public static byte[] nullToEmpty(byte[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static double[] nullToEmpty(double[] array) { @@ -617,16 +617,16 @@ public static double[] nullToEmpty(double[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static float[] nullToEmpty(float[] array) { @@ -637,16 +637,16 @@ public static float[] nullToEmpty(float[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static boolean[] nullToEmpty(boolean[] array) { @@ -657,16 +657,16 @@ public static boolean[] nullToEmpty(boolean[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Long[] nullToEmpty(Long[] array) { @@ -677,16 +677,16 @@ public static Long[] nullToEmpty(Long[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Integer[] nullToEmpty(Integer[] array) { @@ -697,16 +697,16 @@ public static Integer[] nullToEmpty(Integer[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Short[] nullToEmpty(Short[] array) { @@ -717,16 +717,16 @@ public static Short[] nullToEmpty(Short[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Character[] nullToEmpty(Character[] array) { @@ -737,16 +737,16 @@ public static Character[] nullToEmpty(Character[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Byte[] nullToEmpty(Byte[] array) { @@ -757,16 +757,16 @@ public static Byte[] nullToEmpty(Byte[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Double[] nullToEmpty(Double[] array) { @@ -777,16 +777,16 @@ public static Double[] nullToEmpty(Double[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Float[] nullToEmpty(Float[] array) { @@ -797,16 +797,16 @@ public static Float[] nullToEmpty(Float[] array) { } /** - *

Defensive programming technique to change a null + *

Defensive programming technique to change a {@code null} * reference to an empty one.

* - *

This method returns an empty array for a null input array.

+ *

This method returns an empty array for a {@code null} input array.

* *

As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with - * the empty public static references in this class.

+ * the empty {@code public static} references in this class.

* - * @param array the array to check for null or empty - * @return the same array, public static empty array if null or empty input + * @param array the array to check for {@code null} or empty + * @return the same array, {@code public static} empty array if {@code null} or empty input * @since 2.5 */ public static Boolean[] nullToEmpty(Boolean[] array) { @@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ public static Boolean[] nullToEmpty(Boolean[] array) { * *

The component type of the subarray is always the same as * that of the input array. Thus, if the input is an array of type - * Date, the following usage is envisaged:

+ * {@code Date}, the following usage is envisaged:

* * 
      * Date[] someDates = (Date[])ArrayUtils.subarray(allDates, 2, 5);
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ public static  T[] subarray(T[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexE
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new long array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code long} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ public static long[] subarray(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endInde
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new int array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code int} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ public static int[] subarray(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexE
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new short array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code short} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ public static short[] subarray(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIn
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new char array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code char} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ public static char[] subarray(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endInde
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new byte array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code byte} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ public static byte[] subarray(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endInde
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new double array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code double} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ public static double[] subarray(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int end
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new float array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code float} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ public static float[] subarray(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIn
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Produces a new boolean array containing the elements
+     * 
Produces a new {@code boolean} array containing the elements
      * between the start and end indices.

      *
      * 
The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive.
@@ -1184,14 +1184,14 @@ public static boolean[] subarray(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int e
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.
+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.
      *
      * 
Any multi-dimensional aspects of the arrays are ignored.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(Object[] array1, Object[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1204,12 +1204,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(Object[] array1, Object[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(long[] array1, long[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1222,12 +1222,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(long[] array1, long[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(int[] array1, int[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1240,12 +1240,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(int[] array1, int[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(short[] array1, short[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1258,12 +1258,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(short[] array1, short[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(char[] array1, char[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1276,12 +1276,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(char[] array1, char[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(byte[] array1, byte[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1294,12 +1294,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(byte[] array1, byte[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(double[] array1, double[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1312,12 +1312,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(double[] array1, double[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(float[] array1, float[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1330,12 +1330,12 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(float[] array1, float[] array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating
-     * null arrays as length 0.

+     * {@code null} arrays as length {@code 0}.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, may be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, may be null
-     * @return true if length of arrays matches, treating
-     *  null as an empty array
+     * @param array1 the first array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if length of arrays matches, treating
+     *  {@code null} as an empty array
      */
     public static boolean isSameLength(boolean[] array1, boolean[] array2) {
         if ((array1 == null && array2 != null && array2.length > 0) ||
@@ -1349,9 +1349,9 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(boolean[] array1, boolean[] array2) {
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * 
Returns the length of the specified array.
-     * This method can deal with Object arrays and with primitive arrays.

+     * This method can deal with {@code Object} arrays and with primitive arrays.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, 0 is returned.

+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, {@code 0} is returned.

      *
      * 
      * ArrayUtils.getLength(null)            = 0
@@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ public static boolean isSameLength(boolean[] array1, boolean[] array2) {
      * 

      *
      * @param array  the array to retrieve the length from, may be null
-     * @return The length of the array, or 0 if the array is null
+     * @return The length of the array, or {@code 0} if the array is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the object arguement is not an array.
      * @since 2.1
      */
@@ -1378,10 +1378,10 @@ public static int getLength(Object array) {
      * 
Checks whether two arrays are the same type taking into account
      * multi-dimensional arrays.

      *
-     * @param array1 the first array, must not be null
-     * @param array2 the second array, must not be null
-     * @return true if type of arrays matches
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either array is null
+     * @param array1 the first array, must not be {@code null}
+     * @param array2 the second array, must not be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if type of arrays matches
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either array is {@code null}
      */
     public static boolean isSameType(Object array1, Object array2) {
         if (array1 == null || array2 == null) {
@@ -1397,9 +1397,9 @@ public static boolean isSameType(Object array1, Object array2) {
      *
      * 
There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(Object[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1420,9 +1420,9 @@ public static void reverse(Object[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(long[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1443,9 +1443,9 @@ public static void reverse(long[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(int[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1466,9 +1466,9 @@ public static void reverse(int[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(short[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1489,9 +1489,9 @@ public static void reverse(short[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(char[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1512,9 +1512,9 @@ public static void reverse(char[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(byte[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1535,9 +1535,9 @@ public static void reverse(byte[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(double[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1558,9 +1558,9 @@ public static void reverse(double[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(float[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1581,9 +1581,9 @@ public static void reverse(float[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Reverses the order of the given array.

      *
-     * 
This method does nothing for a null input array.

+     * 
This method does nothing for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to reverse, may be {@code null}
      */
     public static void reverse(boolean[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1609,12 +1609,12 @@ public static void reverse(boolean[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given object in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
-     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be {@code null}
      * @return the index of the object within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, objectToFind, 0);
@@ -1623,16 +1623,16 @@ public static int indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
-     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be {@code null}
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the object within the array starting at the index,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1660,12 +1660,12 @@ public static int indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given object within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
-     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be {@code null}
      * @return the last index of the object within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, objectToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -1674,16 +1674,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than
      * the array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
-     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param objectToFind  the object to find, may be {@code null}
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the object within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1713,11 +1713,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startInde
     /**
      * 
Checks if the object is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param objectToFind  the object to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(Object[] array, Object objectToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, objectToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -1728,12 +1728,12 @@ public static boolean contains(Object[] array, Object objectToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0);
@@ -1742,16 +1742,16 @@ public static int indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1771,12 +1771,12 @@ public static int indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -1785,16 +1785,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1816,11 +1816,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(long[] array, long valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -1831,12 +1831,12 @@ public static boolean contains(long[] array, long valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0);
@@ -1845,16 +1845,16 @@ public static int indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1874,12 +1874,12 @@ public static int indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -1888,16 +1888,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1919,11 +1919,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(int[] array, int valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -1934,12 +1934,12 @@ public static boolean contains(int[] array, int valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0);
@@ -1948,16 +1948,16 @@ public static int indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -1977,12 +1977,12 @@ public static int indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -1991,16 +1991,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2022,11 +2022,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(short[] array, short valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -2037,12 +2037,12 @@ public static boolean contains(short[] array, short valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static int indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind) {
@@ -2052,16 +2052,16 @@ public static int indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static int indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex) {
@@ -2082,12 +2082,12 @@ public static int indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind) {
@@ -2097,16 +2097,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex) {
@@ -2129,11 +2129,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean contains(char[] array, char valueToFind) {
@@ -2145,12 +2145,12 @@ public static boolean contains(char[] array, char valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0);
@@ -2159,16 +2159,16 @@ public static int indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2188,12 +2188,12 @@ public static int indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2202,16 +2202,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2233,11 +2233,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(byte[] array, byte valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -2248,12 +2248,12 @@ public static boolean contains(byte[] array, byte valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0);
@@ -2264,13 +2264,13 @@ public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind) {
      * This method will return the index of the first value which falls between the region
      * defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param tolerance tolerance of the search
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0, tolerance);
@@ -2279,16 +2279,16 @@ public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
@@ -2310,17 +2310,17 @@ public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex) {
      * This method will return the index of the first value which falls between the region
      * defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @param tolerance tolerance of the search
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
@@ -2342,12 +2342,12 @@ public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, do
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2358,13 +2358,13 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind) {
      * This method will return the index of the last value which falls between the region
      * defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param tolerance tolerance of the search
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE, tolerance);
@@ -2373,16 +2373,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double toleran
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
@@ -2406,17 +2406,17 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex
      * This method will return the index of the last value which falls between the region
      * defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @param tolerance  search for value within plus/minus this amount
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
@@ -2440,11 +2440,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(double[] array, double valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -2455,7 +2455,7 @@ public static boolean contains(double[] array, double valueToFind) {
      * given array.  If the array contains a value within the inclusive range
      * defined by (value - tolerance) to (value + tolerance).

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array
+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array
      * is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search
@@ -2472,12 +2472,12 @@ public static boolean contains(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolera
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0);
@@ -2486,16 +2486,16 @@ public static int indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
@@ -2515,12 +2515,12 @@ public static int indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2529,16 +2529,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than the
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than the
      * array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
@@ -2560,11 +2560,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(float[] array, float valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -2575,12 +2575,12 @@ public static boolean contains(float[] array, float valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind, 0);
@@ -2589,16 +2589,16 @@ public static int indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
      * 
A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array
-     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1).

+     * length will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}).

      *
-     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to search through for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the index to start searching at
      * @return the index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null}
      *  array input
      */
     public static int indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex) {
@@ -2619,13 +2619,13 @@ public static int indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if
-     * null array input.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if
+     * {@code null} array input.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to travers backwords looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the object to find
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind) {
         return lastIndexOf(array, valueToFind, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2634,16 +2634,16 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      *
-     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1). A startIndex larger than
+     * 
A negative startIndex will return {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}). A startIndex larger than
      * the array length will search from the end of the array.

      *
-     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be {@code null}
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
      * @param startIndex  the start index to travers backwards from
      * @return the last index of the value within the array,
-     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} (-1) if not found or null array input
+     *  {@link #INDEX_NOT_FOUND} ({@code -1}) if not found or {@code null} array input
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
@@ -2665,11 +2665,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startInd
     /**
      * 
Checks if the value is in the given array.

      *
-     * 
The method returns false if a null array is passed in.

+     * 
The method returns {@code false} if a {@code null} array is passed in.

      *
      * @param array  the array to search through
      * @param valueToFind  the value to find
-     * @return true if the array contains the object
+     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the object
      */
     public static boolean contains(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind) {
         return indexOf(array, valueToFind) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -2683,11 +2683,11 @@ public static boolean contains(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Characters to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Character array, may be null
-     * @return a char array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Character} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return a {@code char} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2703,13 +2703,13 @@ public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Character to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Character to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Character array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return a char array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Character} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return a {@code char} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array, char valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2728,10 +2728,10 @@ public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array, char valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive chars to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array a char array
-     * @return a Character array, null if null array input
+     * @param array a {@code char} array
+     * @return a {@code Character} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Character[] toObject(char[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2751,11 +2751,11 @@ public static Character[] toObject(char[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Longs to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Long array, may be null
-     * @return a long array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Long} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return a {@code long} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2771,13 +2771,13 @@ public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Long to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Long to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Long array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return a long array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Long} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return a {@code long} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array, long valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2796,10 +2796,10 @@ public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array, long valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive longs to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a long array
-     * @return a Long array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code long} array
+     * @return a {@code Long} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Long[] toObject(long[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2819,11 +2819,11 @@ public static Long[] toObject(long[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Integers to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Integer array, may be null
-     * @return an int array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Integer} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return an {@code int} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2839,13 +2839,13 @@ public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Integer to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Integer to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Integer array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return an int array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Integer} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return an {@code int} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array, int valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2864,10 +2864,10 @@ public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array, int valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive ints to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  an int array
-     * @return an Integer array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  an {@code int} array
+     * @return an {@code Integer} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Integer[] toObject(int[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2887,11 +2887,11 @@ public static Integer[] toObject(int[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Shorts to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Short array, may be null
-     * @return a byte array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Short} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return a {@code byte} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2907,13 +2907,13 @@ public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Short to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Short to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Short array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return a byte array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Short} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return a {@code byte} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array, short valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2932,10 +2932,10 @@ public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array, short valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive shorts to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a short array
-     * @return a Short array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code short} array
+     * @return a {@code Short} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Short[] toObject(short[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2955,11 +2955,11 @@ public static Short[] toObject(short[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Byte array, may be null
-     * @return a byte array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Byte} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return a {@code byte} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -2975,13 +2975,13 @@ public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Byte array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return a byte array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Byte} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return a {@code byte} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array, byte valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3000,10 +3000,10 @@ public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array, byte valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive bytes to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a byte array
-     * @return a Byte array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code byte} array
+     * @return a {@code Byte} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Byte[] toObject(byte[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3023,11 +3023,11 @@ public static Byte[] toObject(byte[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Double array, may be null
-     * @return a double array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Double} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return a {@code double} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3043,13 +3043,13 @@ public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Double array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return a double array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Double} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return a {@code double} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array, double valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3068,10 +3068,10 @@ public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array, double valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive doubles to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a double array
-     * @return a Double array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code double} array
+     * @return a {@code Double} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Double[] toObject(double[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3091,11 +3091,11 @@ public static Double[] toObject(double[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Floats to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Float array, may be null
-     * @return a float array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Float} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return a {@code float} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3111,13 +3111,13 @@ public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Floats to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Floats to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Float array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return a float array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Float} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return a {@code float} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array, float valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3136,10 +3136,10 @@ public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array, float valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive floats to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a float array
-     * @return a Float array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code float} array
+     * @return a {@code Float} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Float[] toObject(float[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3159,11 +3159,11 @@ public static Float[] toObject(float[] array) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Boolean array, may be null
-     * @return a boolean array, null if null array input
-     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is null
+     * @param array  a {@code Boolean} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return a {@code boolean} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @throws NullPointerException if array content is {@code null}
      */
     public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3179,13 +3179,13 @@ public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives handling null.

+     * 
Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives handling {@code null}.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a Boolean array, may be null
-     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if null found
-     * @return a boolean array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code Boolean} array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param valueForNull  the value to insert if {@code null} found
+     * @return a {@code boolean} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array, boolean valueForNull) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3204,10 +3204,10 @@ public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array, boolean valueForNull) {
     /**
      * 
Converts an array of primitive booleans to objects.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array  a boolean array
-     * @return a Boolean array, null if null array input
+     * @param array  a {@code boolean} array
+     * @return a {@code Boolean} array, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static Boolean[] toObject(boolean[] array) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3224,10 +3224,10 @@ public static Boolean[] toObject(boolean[] array) {
 
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of Objects is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of Objects is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(Object[] array) {
@@ -3235,10 +3235,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(Object[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive longs is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive longs is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(long[] array) {
@@ -3246,10 +3246,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(long[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive ints is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive ints is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(int[] array) {
@@ -3257,10 +3257,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(int[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive shorts is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive shorts is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(short[] array) {
@@ -3268,10 +3268,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(short[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive chars is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive chars is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(char[] array) {
@@ -3279,10 +3279,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(char[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive bytes is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive bytes is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(byte[] array) {
@@ -3290,10 +3290,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(byte[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive doubles is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive doubles is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(double[] array) {
@@ -3301,10 +3301,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(double[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive floats is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive floats is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(float[] array) {
@@ -3312,10 +3312,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(float[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive booleans is empty or null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive booleans is empty or {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is empty or {@code null}
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(boolean[] array) {
@@ -3324,10 +3324,10 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(boolean[] array) {
 
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of Objects is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of Objects is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
      public static  boolean isNotEmpty(T[] array) {
@@ -3335,10 +3335,10 @@ public static  boolean isNotEmpty(T[] array) {
      }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive longs is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive longs is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(long[] array) {
@@ -3346,10 +3346,10 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(long[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive ints is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive ints is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(int[] array) {
@@ -3357,10 +3357,10 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(int[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive shorts is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive shorts is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(short[] array) {
@@ -3368,10 +3368,10 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(short[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive chars is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive chars is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(char[] array) {
@@ -3379,10 +3379,10 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(char[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive bytes is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive bytes is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(byte[] array) {
@@ -3390,10 +3390,10 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(byte[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive doubles is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive doubles is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(double[] array) {
@@ -3401,10 +3401,10 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(double[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive floats is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive floats is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(float[] array) {
@@ -3412,10 +3412,10 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(float[] array) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if an array of primitive booleans is not empty or not null.

+     * 
Checks if an array of primitive booleans is not empty or not {@code null}.

      *
      * @param array  the array to test
-     * @return true if the array is not empty or not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the array is not empty or not {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(boolean[] array) {
@@ -3424,8 +3424,8 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(boolean[] array) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3437,9 +3437,9 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(boolean[] array) {
      * ArrayUtils.addAll(["a", "b", "c"], ["1", "2", "3"]) = ["a", "b", "c", "1", "2", "3"]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array1  the first array whose elements are added to the new array, may be null
-     * @param array2  the second array whose elements are added to the new array, may be null
-     * @return The new array, null if both arrays are null.
+     * @param array1  the first array whose elements are added to the new array, may be {@code null}
+     * @param array2  the second array whose elements are added to the new array, may be {@code null}
+     * @return The new array, {@code null} if both arrays are {@code null}.
      *      The type of the new array is the type of the first array,
      *      unless the first array is null, in which case the type is the same as the second array.
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3475,8 +3475,8 @@ public static  T[] addAll(T[] array1, T... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3504,8 +3504,8 @@ public static boolean[] addAll(boolean[] array1, boolean... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3533,8 +3533,8 @@ public static char[] addAll(char[] array1, char... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3562,8 +3562,8 @@ public static byte[] addAll(byte[] array1, byte... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3591,8 +3591,8 @@ public static short[] addAll(short[] array1, short... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3620,8 +3620,8 @@ public static int[] addAll(int[] array1, int... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3649,8 +3649,8 @@ public static long[] addAll(long[] array1, long... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3678,8 +3678,8 @@ public static float[] addAll(float[] array1, float... array2) {
 
     /**
      * 
Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

-     * 
The new array contains all of the element of array1 followed
-     * by all of the elements array2. When an array is returned, it is always
+     * 
The new array contains all of the element of {@code array1} followed
+     * by all of the elements {@code array2}. When an array is returned, it is always
      * a new array.

      *
      * 
@@ -3712,7 +3712,7 @@ public static double[] addAll(double[] array1, double... array2) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element, unless the element itself is null,
      *  in which case the return type is Object[]

      *
@@ -3724,8 +3724,8 @@ public static double[] addAll(double[] array1, double... array2) {
      * ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], "c") = ["a", "b", "c"]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to "add" the element to, may be null
-     * @param element  the object to add, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to "add" the element to, may be {@code null}
+     * @param element  the object to add, may be {@code null}
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null),
      * in which case it will have the same type as the element.
@@ -3755,7 +3755,7 @@ public static  T[] add(T[] array, T element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3764,7 +3764,7 @@ public static  T[] add(T[] array, T element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([true, false], true) = [true, false, true]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3782,7 +3782,7 @@ public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array, boolean element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3791,7 +3791,7 @@ public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array, boolean element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3809,7 +3809,7 @@ public static byte[] add(byte[] array, byte element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3818,7 +3818,7 @@ public static byte[] add(byte[] array, byte element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add(['1', '0'], '1') = ['1', '0', '1']
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3836,7 +3836,7 @@ public static char[] add(char[] array, char element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3845,7 +3845,7 @@ public static char[] add(char[] array, char element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3863,7 +3863,7 @@ public static double[] add(double[] array, double element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3872,7 +3872,7 @@ public static double[] add(double[] array, double element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3890,7 +3890,7 @@ public static float[] add(float[] array, float element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3899,7 +3899,7 @@ public static float[] add(float[] array, float element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3917,7 +3917,7 @@ public static int[] add(int[] array, int element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3926,7 +3926,7 @@ public static int[] add(int[] array, int element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3944,7 +3944,7 @@ public static long[] add(long[] array, long element) {
      * array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of
      * the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -3953,7 +3953,7 @@ public static long[] add(long[] array, long element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to copy and add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the object to add at the last index of the new array
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      * @since 2.1
@@ -3968,8 +3968,8 @@ public static short[] add(short[] array, short element) {
      * Returns a copy of the given array of size 1 greater than the argument.
      * The last value of the array is left to the default value.
      *
-     * @param array The array to copy, must not be null.
-     * @param newArrayComponentType If array is null, create a
+     * @param array The array to copy, must not be {@code null}.
+     * @param newArrayComponentType If {@code array} is {@code null}, create a
      * size 1 array of this type.
      * @return A new copy of the array of size 1 greater than the input.
      */
@@ -3993,7 +3993,7 @@ private static Object copyArrayGrow1(Object array, Class newArrayComponentTyp
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4004,7 +4004,7 @@ private static Object copyArrayGrow1(Object array, Class newArrayComponentTyp
      * ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], 3, "c") = ["a", "b", "c"]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4036,7 +4036,7 @@ public static  T[] add(T[] array, int index, T element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4046,7 +4046,7 @@ public static  T[] add(T[] array, int index, T element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([true, false], 1, true) = [true, true, false]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4067,7 +4067,7 @@ public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array, int index, boolean element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4078,7 +4078,7 @@ public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array, int index, boolean element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add(['a', 'b', 'c'], 1, 't') = ['a', 't', 'b', 'c']
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4099,7 +4099,7 @@ public static char[] add(char[] array, int index, char element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4109,7 +4109,7 @@ public static char[] add(char[] array, int index, char element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4130,7 +4130,7 @@ public static byte[] add(byte[] array, int index, byte element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4140,7 +4140,7 @@ public static byte[] add(byte[] array, int index, byte element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4161,7 +4161,7 @@ public static short[] add(short[] array, int index, short element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4171,7 +4171,7 @@ public static short[] add(short[] array, int index, short element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4192,7 +4192,7 @@ public static int[] add(int[] array, int index, int element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4202,7 +4202,7 @@ public static int[] add(int[] array, int index, int element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([2L, 6L, 3L], 2, 1L)   = [2L, 6L, 1L, 3L]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4223,7 +4223,7 @@ public static long[] add(long[] array, int index, long element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4233,7 +4233,7 @@ public static long[] add(long[] array, int index, long element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([2.9f, 6.0f, 0.3f], 2, 1.0f)   = [2.9f, 6.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4254,7 +4254,7 @@ public static float[] add(float[] array, int index, float element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, a new one element array is returned
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, a new one element array is returned
      *  whose component type is the same as the element.

      *
      * 
@@ -4264,7 +4264,7 @@ public static float[] add(float[] array, int index, float element) {
      * ArrayUtils.add([2.9, 6.0, 0.3], 2, 1.0)    = [2.9, 6.0, 1.0, 0.3]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
@@ -4280,7 +4280,7 @@ public static double[] add(double[] array, int index, double element) {
      * The last parameter is the class, which may not equal element.getClass
      * for primitives.
      *
-     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to add the element to, may be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the new object
      * @param element  the object to add
      * @param clss the type of the element being added
@@ -4318,7 +4318,7 @@ private static Object add(Object array, int index, Object element, Class clss
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4328,12 +4328,12 @@ private static Object add(Object array, int index, Object element, Class clss
      * ArrayUtils.remove(["a", "b", "c"], 1) = ["a", "c"]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // remove() always creates an array of the same type as its input
@@ -4360,7 +4360,7 @@ public static  T[] remove(T[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement(["a", "b", "a"], "a") = ["b", "a"]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first
      *         occurrence of the specified element.
@@ -4384,7 +4384,7 @@ public static  T[] removeElement(T[] array, Object element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4394,12 +4394,12 @@ public static  T[] removeElement(T[] array, Object element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove([true, true, false], 1) = [true, false]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static boolean[] remove(boolean[] array, int index) {
@@ -4425,7 +4425,7 @@ public static boolean[] remove(boolean[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement([true, false, true], true) = [false, true]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first
      *         occurrence of the specified element.
@@ -4449,7 +4449,7 @@ public static boolean[] removeElement(boolean[] array, boolean element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4459,12 +4459,12 @@ public static boolean[] removeElement(boolean[] array, boolean element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove([1, 0, 1], 1)    = [1, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static byte[] remove(byte[] array, int index) {
@@ -4490,7 +4490,7 @@ public static byte[] remove(byte[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 0, 1], 1)   = [0, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first
      *         occurrence of the specified element.
@@ -4514,7 +4514,7 @@ public static byte[] removeElement(byte[] array, byte element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4524,12 +4524,12 @@ public static byte[] removeElement(byte[] array, byte element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove(['a', 'b', 'c'], 1) = ['a', 'c']
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static char[] remove(char[] array, int index) {
@@ -4555,7 +4555,7 @@ public static char[] remove(char[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement(['a', 'b', 'a'], 'a') = ['b', 'a']
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first
      *         occurrence of the specified element.
@@ -4579,7 +4579,7 @@ public static char[] removeElement(char[] array, char element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4589,12 +4589,12 @@ public static char[] removeElement(char[] array, char element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0, 3.8], 1) = [2.5, 3.8]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static double[] remove(double[] array, int index) {
@@ -4620,7 +4620,7 @@ public static double[] remove(double[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3, 1.1], 1.1) = [2.3, 1.1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first
      *         occurrence of the specified element.
@@ -4644,7 +4644,7 @@ public static double[] removeElement(double[] array, double element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4654,12 +4654,12 @@ public static double[] removeElement(double[] array, double element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0, 3.8], 1) = [2.5, 3.8]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static float[] remove(float[] array, int index) {
@@ -4685,7 +4685,7 @@ public static float[] remove(float[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3, 1.1], 1.1) = [2.3, 1.1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first
      *         occurrence of the specified element.
@@ -4709,7 +4709,7 @@ public static float[] removeElement(float[] array, float element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4719,12 +4719,12 @@ public static float[] removeElement(float[] array, float element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static int[] remove(int[] array, int index) {
@@ -4750,7 +4750,7 @@ public static int[] remove(int[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null}
      * @param element  the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first
      *         occurrence of the specified element.
@@ -4774,7 +4774,7 @@ public static int[] removeElement(int[] array, int element) {
      * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input
      * array.

      *
-     * 
If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
      * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

      *
      * 
@@ -4784,12 +4784,12 @@ public static int[] removeElement(int[] array, int element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]
      * 

      *
-     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be null
+     * @param array  the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null}
      * @param index  the position of the element to be removed
      * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element
      *         at the specified position.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
-     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null.
+     * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static long[] remove(long[] array, int index) {
@@ -4815,7 +4815,7 @@ public static long[] remove(long[] array, int index) {
      * ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]
      *
* - * @param array the array to remove the element from, may be null + * @param array the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null} * @param element the element to be removed * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first * occurrence of the specified element. @@ -4839,7 +4839,7 @@ public static long[] removeElement(long[] array, long element) { * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input * array.

* - *

If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException + *

If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

* * 
@@ -4849,12 +4849,12 @@ public static long[] removeElement(long[] array, long element) {
      * ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]
      *
* - * @param array the array to remove the element from, may not be null + * @param array the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null} * @param index the position of the element to be removed * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element * at the specified position. * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range - * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null. + * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}. * @since 2.1 */ public static short[] remove(short[] array, int index) { @@ -4880,7 +4880,7 @@ public static short[] remove(short[] array, int index) { * ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1] * * - * @param array the array to remove the element from, may be null + * @param array the array to remove the element from, may be {@code null} * @param element the element to be removed * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the first * occurrence of the specified element. @@ -4904,15 +4904,15 @@ public static short[] removeElement(short[] array, short element) { * type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input * array.

* - *

If the input array is null, an IndexOutOfBoundsException + *

If the input array is {@code null}, an IndexOutOfBoundsException * will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

* - * @param array the array to remove the element from, may not be null + * @param array the array to remove the element from, may not be {@code null} * @param index the position of the element to be removed * @return A new array containing the existing elements except the element * at the specified position. * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range - * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is null. + * (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is {@code null}. * @since 2.1 */ private static Object remove(Object array, int index) { diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java index b6e513c68..5fd08d2a5 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java @@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ public short getShortRawValue(short holder) { * * @param holder the int data containing the bits we're interested * in - * @return true if any of the bits are set, - * else false + * @return {@code true} if any of the bits are set, + * else {@code false} */ public boolean isSet(int holder) { return (holder & _mask) != 0; @@ -135,12 +135,12 @@ public boolean isSet(int holder) { * *

This is a stricter test than {@link #isSet(int)}, * in that all of the bits in a multi-bit set must be set - * for this method to return true.

+ * for this method to return {@code true}.

* * @param holder the int data containing the bits we're * interested in - * @return true if all of the bits are set, - * else false + * @return {@code true} if all of the bits are set, + * else {@code false} */ public boolean isAllSet(int holder) { return (holder & _mask) == _mask; @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public short setShortValue(short holder, short value) { * @param holder the int data containing the bits we're * interested in * @return the value of holder with the specified bits cleared - * (set to 0) + * (set to {@code 0}) */ public int clear(int holder) { return holder & ~_mask; @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ public int clear(int holder) { * @param holder the short data containing the bits we're * interested in * @return the value of holder with the specified bits cleared - * (set to 0) + * (set to {@code 0}) */ public short clearShort(short holder) { return (short) clear(holder); @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public short clearShort(short holder) { * interested in * * @return the value of holder with the specified bits cleared - * (set to 0) + * (set to {@code 0}) */ public byte clearByte(byte holder) { return (byte) clear(holder); @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public byte clearByte(byte holder) { * @param holder the int data containing the bits we're * interested in * @return the value of holder with the specified bits set - * to 1 + * to {@code 1} */ public int set(int holder) { return holder | _mask; @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ public int set(int holder) { * @param holder the short data containing the bits we're * interested in * @return the value of holder with the specified bits set - * to 1 + * to {@code 1} */ public short setShort(short holder) { return (short) set(holder); @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ public short setShort(short holder) { * interested in * * @return the value of holder with the specified bits set - * to 1 + * to {@code 1} */ public byte setByte(byte holder) { return (byte) set(holder); diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BooleanUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BooleanUtils.java index efb3e778a..4186eaf5c 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BooleanUtils.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BooleanUtils.java @@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ public static String toString(boolean bool, String trueString, String falseStrin * BooleanUtils.xor(new boolean[] { true, false }) = true * * - * @param array an array of booleans + * @param array an array of {@code boolean}s * @return {@code true} if the xor is successful. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code array} is {@code null} * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code array} is empty. @@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ public static boolean xor(boolean... array) { * BooleanUtils.xor(new Boolean[] { Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE }) = Boolean.TRUE * * - * @param array an array of Booleans + * @param array an array of {@code Boolean}s * @return {@code true} if the xor is successful. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code array} is {@code null} * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code array} is empty. diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java index c0aa309bb..edabff03a 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java @@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ /** *

Operations on char primitives and Character objects.

* - *

This class tries to handle null input gracefully. - * An exception will not be thrown for a null input. + *

This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully. + * An exception will not be thrown for a {@code null} input. * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.

* *

#ThreadSafe#

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class CharUtils { private static final Character[] CHAR_ARRAY = new Character[128]; /** - * \u000a linefeed LF ('\n'). + * {@code \u000a} linefeed LF ('\n'). * * @see JLF: Escape Sequences * for Character and String Literals @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class CharUtils { public static final char LF = '\n'; /** - * \u000d carriage return CR ('\r'). + * {@code \u000d} carriage return CR ('\r'). * * @see JLF: Escape Sequences * for Character and String Literals @@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ public class CharUtils { } /** - *

CharUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. - * Instead, the class should be used as CharUtils.toString('c');.

+ *

{@code CharUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. + * Instead, the class should be used as {@code CharUtils.toString('c');}.

* *

This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance * to operate.

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public static Character toCharacterObject(String str) { //----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** - *

Converts the Character to a char throwing an exception for null.

+ *

Converts the Character to a char throwing an exception for {@code null}.

* * 
      *   CharUtils.toChar(null) = IllegalArgumentException
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public static char toChar(Character ch) {
     }
     
     /**
-     * 
Converts the Character to a char handling null.

+     * 
Converts the Character to a char handling {@code null}.

      * 
      * 
      *   CharUtils.toChar(null, 'X') = 'X'
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ public static String toString(char ch) {
      * 
For ASCII 7 bit characters, this uses a cache that will return the
      * same String object each time.

      * 
-     * 
If null is passed in, null will be returned.

+     * 
If {@code null} is passed in, {@code null} will be returned.

      *
      * 
      *   CharUtils.toString(null) = null
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ public static String unicodeEscaped(char ch) {
      * 
      * 
This format is the Java source code format.

      * 
-     * 
If null is passed in, null will be returned.

+     * 
If {@code null} is passed in, {@code null} will be returned.

      *
      * 
      *   CharUtils.unicodeEscaped(null) = null
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java
index 80b784a06..42c58c8ea 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@
 /**
  * 
Operates on classes without using reflection.

  *
- * 
This class handles invalid null inputs as best it can.
+ * 
This class handles invalid {@code null} inputs as best it can.
  * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.

  *
- * 
The notion of a canonical name includes the human
- * readable name for the type, for example int[]. The
+ * 
The notion of a {@code canonical name} includes the human
+ * readable name for the type, for example {@code int[]}. The
  * non-canonical method variants work with the JVM names, such as
- * [I. 

+ * {@code [I}. 

  *
  * @author Apache Software Foundation
  * @author Gary Gregory
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class ClassUtils {
     public static final char PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR = '.';
 
     /**
-     * 
The package separator String: ".".

+     * 
The package separator String: {@code "."}.

      */
     public static final String PACKAGE_SEPARATOR = String.valueOf(PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
 
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ public class ClassUtils {
     public static final char INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR_CHAR = '$';
 
     /**
-     * 
The inner class separator String: "$".

+     * 
The inner class separator String: {@code "$"}.

      */
     public static final String INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR = String.valueOf(INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
 
     /**
-     * Maps primitive Classes to their corresponding wrapper Class.
+     * Maps primitive {@code Class}es to their corresponding wrapper {@code Class}.
      */
     private static final Map, Class> primitiveWrapperMap = new HashMap, Class>();
     static {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class ClassUtils {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Maps wrapper Classes to their corresponding primitive types.
+     * Maps wrapper {@code Class}es to their corresponding primitive types.
      */
     private static final Map, Class> wrapperPrimitiveMap = new HashMap, Class>();
     static {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ private static void addAbbreviation(String primitive, String abbreviation) {
     /**
      * 
ClassUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
      * Instead, the class should be used as
-     * ClassUtils.getShortClassName(cls).

+     * {@code ClassUtils.getShortClassName(cls)}.

      *
      * 
This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
      * instance to operate.

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public ClassUtils() {
     // Short class name
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Gets the class name minus the package name for an Object.

+     * 
Gets the class name minus the package name for an {@code Object}.

      *
      * @param object  the class to get the short name for, may be null
      * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public static String getShortClassName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Gets the class name minus the package name from a Class.

+     * 
Gets the class name minus the package name from a {@code Class}.

      *
      * @param cls  the class to get the short name for.
      * @return the class name without the package name or an empty string
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ public static String getShortClassName(String className) {
     // Package name
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Gets the package name of an Object.

+     * 
Gets the package name of an {@code Object}.

      *
      * @param object  the class to get the package name for, may be null
      * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
@@ -233,9 +233,9 @@ public static String getPackageName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Gets the package name of a Class.

+     * 
Gets the package name of a {@code Class}.

      *
-     * @param cls  the class to get the package name for, may be null.
+     * @param cls  the class to get the package name for, may be {@code null}.
      * @return the package name or an empty string
      */
     public static String getPackageName(Class cls) {
@@ -246,12 +246,12 @@ public static String getPackageName(Class cls) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Gets the package name from a String.

+     * 
Gets the package name from a {@code String}.

      *
      * 
The string passed in is assumed to be a class name - it is not checked.

      * 
If the class is unpackaged, return an empty string.

      *
-     * @param className  the className to get the package name for, may be null
+     * @param className  the className to get the package name for, may be {@code null}
      * @return the package name or an empty string
      */
     public static String getPackageName(String className) {
@@ -278,11 +278,11 @@ public static String getPackageName(String className) {
     // Superclasses/Superinterfaces
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Gets a List of superclasses for the given class.

+     * 
Gets a {@code List} of superclasses for the given class.

      *
-     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be null
-     * @return the List of superclasses in order going up from this one
-     *  null if null input
+     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the {@code List} of superclasses in order going up from this one
+     *  {@code null} if null input
      */
     public static List> getAllSuperclasses(Class cls) {
         if (cls == null) {
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ public static List> getAllSuperclasses(Class cls) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Gets a List of all interfaces implemented by the given
+     * 
Gets a {@code List} of all interfaces implemented by the given
      * class and its superclasses.

      *
      * 
The order is determined by looking through each interface in turn as
@@ -306,9 +306,9 @@ public static List> getAllSuperclasses(Class cls) {
      * superclass is considered in the same way. Later duplicates are ignored,
      * so the order is maintained.

      *
-     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be null
-     * @return the List of interfaces in order,
-     *  null if null input
+     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the {@code List} of interfaces in order,
+     *  {@code null} if null input
      */
     public static List> getAllInterfaces(Class cls) {
         if (cls == null) {
@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ public static List> getAllInterfaces(Class cls) {
     /**
      * Get the interfaces for the specified class.
      *
-     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be null
-     * @param interfacesFound the Set of interfaces for the class
+     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be {@code null}
+     * @param interfacesFound the {@code Set} of interfaces for the class
      */
     private static void getAllInterfaces(Class cls, HashSet> interfacesFound) {
         while (cls != null) {
@@ -344,15 +344,15 @@ private static void getAllInterfaces(Class cls, HashSet> interfacesF
     // Convert list
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Given a List of class names, this method converts them into classes.

+     * 
Given a {@code List} of class names, this method converts them into classes.

      *
-     * 
A new List is returned. If the class name cannot be found, null
-     * is stored in the List. If the class name in the List is
-     * null, null is stored in the output List.

+     * 
A new {@code List} is returned. If the class name cannot be found, {@code null}
+     * is stored in the {@code List}. If the class name in the {@code List} is
+     * {@code null}, {@code null} is stored in the output {@code List}.

      *
      * @param classNames  the classNames to change
-     * @return a List of Class objects corresponding to the class names,
-     *  null if null input
+     * @return a {@code List} of Class objects corresponding to the class names,
+     *  {@code null} if null input
      * @throws ClassCastException if classNames contains a non String entry
      */
     public static List> convertClassNamesToClasses(List classNames) {
@@ -371,16 +371,16 @@ public static List> convertClassNamesToClasses(List classNames)
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Given a List of Class objects, this method converts
+     * 
Given a {@code List} of {@code Class} objects, this method converts
      * them into class names.

      *
-     * 
A new List is returned. null objects will be copied into
-     * the returned list as null.

+     * 
A new {@code List} is returned. {@code null} objects will be copied into
+     * the returned list as {@code null}.

      *
      * @param classes  the classes to change
-     * @return a List of class names corresponding to the Class objects,
-     *  null if null input
-     * @throws ClassCastException if classes contains a non-Class entry
+     * @return a {@code List} of class names corresponding to the Class objects,
+     *  {@code null} if null input
+     * @throws ClassCastException if {@code classes} contains a non-{@code Class} entry
      */
     public static List convertClassesToClassNames(List> classes) {
         if (classes == null) {
@@ -409,19 +409,19 @@ public static List convertClassesToClassNames(List> classes) {
      *
      * 
Unlike the {@link Class#isAssignableFrom(java.lang.Class)} method, this
      * method takes into account widenings of primitive classes and
-     * nulls.

+     * {@code null}s.

      *
-     * 
Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a long,
-     * float or double. This method returns the correct
+     * 
Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a {@code long},
+     * {@code float} or {@code double}. This method returns the correct
      * result for these cases.

      *
-     * 
Null may be assigned to any reference type. This method will
-     * return true if null is passed in and the toClass is
+     * 
{@code Null} may be assigned to any reference type. This method will
+     * return {@code true} if {@code null} is passed in and the toClass is
      * non-primitive.

      *
      * 
Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
-     * specified Class parameter can be converted to the type
-     * represented by this Class object via an identity conversion
+     * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
+     * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
      * widening primitive or widening reference conversion. See
      * The Java Language Specification,
      * sections 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.4 for details.

@@ -431,9 +431,9 @@ public static List convertClassesToClassNames(List> classes) {
      * to the running Java version; i.e. autoboxing will be the default
      * behavior in VMs running Java versions >= 1.5.

      *
-     * @param classArray  the array of Classes to check, may be null
-     * @param toClassArray  the array of Classes to try to assign into, may be null
-     * @return true if assignment possible
+     * @param classArray  the array of Classes to check, may be {@code null}
+     * @param toClassArray  the array of Classes to try to assign into, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if assignment possible
      */
     public static boolean isAssignable(Class[] classArray, Class[] toClassArray) {
         return isAssignable(classArray, toClassArray, SystemUtils.isJavaVersionAtLeast(JavaVersion.JAVA_1_5));
@@ -449,27 +449,27 @@ public static boolean isAssignable(Class[] classArray, Class[] toClassArra
      *
      * 
Unlike the {@link Class#isAssignableFrom(java.lang.Class)} method, this
      * method takes into account widenings of primitive classes and
-     * nulls.

+     * {@code null}s.

      *
-     * 
Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a long,
-     * float or double. This method returns the correct
+     * 
Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a {@code long},
+     * {@code float} or {@code double}. This method returns the correct
      * result for these cases.

      *
-     * 
Null may be assigned to any reference type. This method will
-     * return true if null is passed in and the toClass is
+     * 
{@code Null} may be assigned to any reference type. This method will
+     * return {@code true} if {@code null} is passed in and the toClass is
      * non-primitive.

      *
      * 
Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
-     * specified Class parameter can be converted to the type
-     * represented by this Class object via an identity conversion
+     * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
+     * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
      * widening primitive or widening reference conversion. See
      * The Java Language Specification,
      * sections 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.4 for details.

      *
-     * @param classArray  the array of Classes to check, may be null
-     * @param toClassArray  the array of Classes to try to assign into, may be null
+     * @param classArray  the array of Classes to check, may be {@code null}
+     * @param toClassArray  the array of Classes to try to assign into, may be {@code null}
      * @param autoboxing  whether to use implicit autoboxing/unboxing between primitives and wrappers
-     * @return true if assignment possible
+     * @return {@code true} if assignment possible
      */
     public static boolean isAssignable(Class[] classArray, Class[] toClassArray, boolean autoboxing) {
         if (ArrayUtils.isSameLength(classArray, toClassArray) == false) {
@@ -490,23 +490,23 @@ public static boolean isAssignable(Class[] classArray, Class[] toClassArra
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if one Class can be assigned to a variable of
-     * another Class.

+     * 
Checks if one {@code Class} can be assigned to a variable of
+     * another {@code Class}.

      *
      * 
Unlike the {@link Class#isAssignableFrom(java.lang.Class)} method,
      * this method takes into account widenings of primitive classes and
-     * nulls.

+     * {@code null}s.

      *
      * 
Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a long, float or
      * double. This method returns the correct result for these cases.

      *
-     * 
Null may be assigned to any reference type. This method
-     * will return true if null is passed in and the
+     * 
{@code Null} may be assigned to any reference type. This method
+     * will return {@code true} if {@code null} is passed in and the
      * toClass is non-primitive.

      *
      * 
Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
-     * specified Class parameter can be converted to the type
-     * represented by this Class object via an identity conversion
+     * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
+     * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
      * widening primitive or widening reference conversion. See
      * The Java Language Specification,
      * sections 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.4 for details.

@@ -518,30 +518,30 @@ public static boolean isAssignable(Class[] classArray, Class[] toClassArra
      *
      * @param cls  the Class to check, may be null
      * @param toClass  the Class to try to assign into, returns false if null
-     * @return true if assignment possible
+     * @return {@code true} if assignment possible
      */
     public static boolean isAssignable(Class cls, Class toClass) {
         return isAssignable(cls, toClass, SystemUtils.isJavaVersionAtLeast(JavaVersion.JAVA_1_5));
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Checks if one Class can be assigned to a variable of
-     * another Class.

+     * 
Checks if one {@code Class} can be assigned to a variable of
+     * another {@code Class}.

      *
      * 
Unlike the {@link Class#isAssignableFrom(java.lang.Class)} method,
      * this method takes into account widenings of primitive classes and
-     * nulls.

+     * {@code null}s.

      *
      * 
Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a long, float or
      * double. This method returns the correct result for these cases.

      *
-     * 
Null may be assigned to any reference type. This method
-     * will return true if null is passed in and the
+     * 
{@code Null} may be assigned to any reference type. This method
+     * will return {@code true} if {@code null} is passed in and the
      * toClass is non-primitive.

      *
      * 
Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
-     * specified Class parameter can be converted to the type
-     * represented by this Class object via an identity conversion
+     * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
+     * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
      * widening primitive or widening reference conversion. See
      * The Java Language Specification,
      * sections 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.4 for details.

@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ public static boolean isAssignable(Class cls, Class toClass) {
      * @param cls  the Class to check, may be null
      * @param toClass  the Class to try to assign into, returns false if null
      * @param autoboxing  whether to use implicit autoboxing/unboxing between primitives and wrappers
-     * @return true if assignment possible
+     * @return {@code true} if assignment possible
      */
     public static boolean isAssignable(Class cls, Class toClass, boolean autoboxing) {
         if (toClass == null) {
@@ -628,12 +628,12 @@ public static boolean isAssignable(Class cls, Class toClass, boolean autob
      * 
Converts the specified primitive Class object to its corresponding
      * wrapper Class object.

      *
-     * 
NOTE: From v2.2, this method handles Void.TYPE,
-     * returning Void.TYPE.

+     * 
NOTE: From v2.2, this method handles {@code Void.TYPE},
+     * returning {@code Void.TYPE}.

      *
      * @param cls  the class to convert, may be null
-     * @return the wrapper class for cls or cls if
-     * cls is not a primitive. null if null input.
+     * @return the wrapper class for {@code cls} or {@code cls} if
+     * {@code cls} is not a primitive. {@code null} if null input.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static Class primitiveToWrapper(Class cls) {
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ public static Class primitiveToWrapper(Class cls) {
      *
      * @param classes  the class array to convert, may be null or empty
      * @return an array which contains for each given class, the wrapper class or
-     * the original class if class is not a primitive. null if null input.
+     * the original class if class is not a primitive. {@code null} if null input.
      * Empty array if an empty array passed in.
      * @since 2.1
      */
@@ -674,14 +674,14 @@ public static Class[] primitivesToWrappers(Class[] classes) {
      * 
Converts the specified wrapper class to its corresponding primitive
      * class.

      *
-     * 
This method is the counter part of primitiveToWrapper().
+     * 
This method is the counter part of {@code primitiveToWrapper()}.
      * If the passed in class is a wrapper class for a primitive type, this
-     * primitive type will be returned (e.g. Integer.TYPE for
-     * Integer.class). For other classes, or if the parameter is
+     * primitive type will be returned (e.g. {@code Integer.TYPE} for
+     * {@code Integer.class}). For other classes, or if the parameter is
      * null, the return value is null.

      *
      * @param cls the class to convert, may be null
-     * @return the corresponding primitive type if cls is a
+     * @return the corresponding primitive type if {@code cls} is a
      * wrapper class, null otherwise
      * @see #primitiveToWrapper(Class)
      * @since 2.4
@@ -694,12 +694,12 @@ public static Class wrapperToPrimitive(Class cls) {
      * 
Converts the specified array of wrapper Class objects to an array of
      * its corresponding primitive Class objects.

      *
-     * 
This method invokes wrapperToPrimitive() for each element
+     * 
This method invokes {@code wrapperToPrimitive()} for each element
      * of the passed in array.

      *
      * @param classes  the class array to convert, may be null or empty
      * @return an array which contains for each given class, the primitive class or
-     * null if the original class is not a wrapper class. null if null input.
+     * null if the original class is not a wrapper class. {@code null} if null input.
      * Empty array if an empty array passed in.
      * @see #wrapperToPrimitive(Class)
      * @since 2.4
@@ -726,8 +726,8 @@ public static Class[] wrappersToPrimitives(Class[] classes) {
      * 
Is the specified class an inner class or static nested class.

      *
      * @param cls  the class to check, may be null
-     * @return true if the class is an inner or static nested class,
-     *  false if not or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the class is an inner or static nested class,
+     *  false if not or {@code null}
      */
     public static boolean isInnerClass(Class cls) {
         return cls != null && cls.getEnclosingClass() != null;
@@ -736,15 +736,15 @@ public static boolean isInnerClass(Class cls) {
     // Class loading
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * Returns the class represented by className using the
-     * classLoader.  This implementation supports the syntaxes
-     * "java.util.Map.Entry[]", "java.util.Map$Entry[]",
-     * "[Ljava.util.Map.Entry;", and "[Ljava.util.Map$Entry;".
+     * Returns the class represented by {@code className} using the
+     * {@code classLoader}.  This implementation supports the syntaxes
+     * "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}", "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}", and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
      *
      * @param classLoader  the class loader to use to load the class
      * @param className  the class name
      * @param initialize  whether the class must be initialized
-     * @return the class represented by className using the classLoader
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the {@code classLoader}
      * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
      */
     public static Class getClass(
@@ -776,15 +776,15 @@ public static Class getClass(
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the (initialized) class represented by className
-     * using the classLoader.  This implementation supports
-     * the syntaxes "java.util.Map.Entry[]",
-     * "java.util.Map$Entry[]", "[Ljava.util.Map.Entry;",
-     * and "[Ljava.util.Map$Entry;".
+     * Returns the (initialized) class represented by {@code className}
+     * using the {@code classLoader}.  This implementation supports
+     * the syntaxes "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}", "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}",
+     * and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
      *
      * @param classLoader  the class loader to use to load the class
      * @param className  the class name
-     * @return the class represented by className using the classLoader
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the {@code classLoader}
      * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
      */
     public static Class getClass(ClassLoader classLoader, String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
@@ -792,14 +792,14 @@ public static Class getClass(ClassLoader classLoader, String className) throw
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the (initialized) class represented by className
+     * Returns the (initialized) class represented by {@code className}
      * using the current thread's context class loader. This implementation
-     * supports the syntaxes "java.util.Map.Entry[]",
-     * "java.util.Map$Entry[]", "[Ljava.util.Map.Entry;",
-     * and "[Ljava.util.Map$Entry;".
+     * supports the syntaxes "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}", "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}",
+     * and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
      *
      * @param className  the class name
-     * @return the class represented by className using the current thread's context class loader
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the current thread's context class loader
      * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
      */
     public static Class getClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
@@ -807,14 +807,14 @@ public static Class getClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the class represented by className using the
+     * Returns the class represented by {@code className} using the
      * current thread's context class loader. This implementation supports the
-     * syntaxes "java.util.Map.Entry[]", "java.util.Map$Entry[]",
-     * "[Ljava.util.Map.Entry;", and "[Ljava.util.Map$Entry;".
+     * syntaxes "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}", "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}", and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
      *
      * @param className  the class name
      * @param initialize  whether the class must be initialized
-     * @return the class represented by className using the current thread's context class loader
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the current thread's context class loader
      * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
      */
     public static Class getClass(String className, boolean initialize) throws ClassNotFoundException {
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ public static Class getClass(String className, boolean initialize) throws Cla
     // Public method
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Returns the desired Method much like Class.getMethod, however
+     * 
Returns the desired Method much like {@code Class.getMethod}, however
      * it ensures that the returned Method is from a public class or interface and not
      * from an anonymous inner class. This means that the Method is invokable and
      * doesn't fall foul of Java bug
@@ -906,13 +906,13 @@ private static String toCanonicalName(String className) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Converts an array of Object in to an array of Class objects.
+     * 
Converts an array of {@code Object} in to an array of {@code Class} objects.
      * If any of these objects is null, a null element will be inserted into the array.

      *
-     * 
This method returns null for a null input array.

+     * 
This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.

      *
-     * @param array an Object array
-     * @return a Class array, null if null array input
+     * @param array an {@code Object} array
+     * @return a {@code Class} array, {@code null} if null array input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static Class[] toClass(Object[] array) {
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ public static Class[] toClass(Object[] array) {
     // Short canonical name
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Gets the canonical name minus the package name for an Object.

+     * 
Gets the canonical name minus the package name for an {@code Object}.

      *
      * @param object  the class to get the short name for, may be null
      * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ public static String getShortCanonicalName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Gets the canonical name minus the package name from a Class.

+     * 
Gets the canonical name minus the package name from a {@code Class}.

      *
      * @param cls  the class to get the short name for.
      * @return the canonical name without the package name or an empty string
@@ -975,7 +975,7 @@ public static String getShortCanonicalName(String canonicalName) {
     // Package name
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
Gets the package name from the canonical name of an Object.

+     * 
Gets the package name from the canonical name of an {@code Object}.

      *
      * @param object  the class to get the package name for, may be null
      * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
@@ -990,9 +990,9 @@ public static String getPackageCanonicalName(Object object, String valueIfNull)
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Gets the package name from the canonical name of a Class.

+     * 
Gets the package name from the canonical name of a {@code Class}.

      *
-     * @param cls  the class to get the package name for, may be null.
+     * @param cls  the class to get the package name for, may be {@code null}.
      * @return the package name or an empty string
      * @since 2.4
      */
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ public static String getPackageCanonicalName(Class cls) {
      * 
The string passed in is assumed to be a canonical name - it is not checked.

      * 
If the class is unpackaged, return an empty string.

      *
-     * @param canonicalName  the canonical name to get the package name for, may be null
+     * @param canonicalName  the canonical name to get the package name for, may be {@code null}
      * @return the package name or an empty string
      * @since 2.4
      */
@@ -1023,9 +1023,9 @@ public static String getPackageCanonicalName(String canonicalName) {
      * unchanged name.

      * 
Example:
      * 
    
-     * 
  • getCanonicalName("[I") = "int[]"
    • 
-     * 
  • getCanonicalName("[Ljava.lang.String;") = "java.lang.String[]"
    • 
-     * 
  • getCanonicalName("java.lang.String") = "java.lang.String"
    • 
+     * 
  • {@code getCanonicalName("[I") = "int[]"}
    • 
+     * 
  • {@code getCanonicalName("[Ljava.lang.String;") = "java.lang.String[]"}
    • 
+     * 
  • {@code getCanonicalName("java.lang.String") = "java.lang.String"}
    • 
      * 

      * 

      *
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtils.java
index 464eada6e..c834985b2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtils.java
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 /**
  * 
Operations to assist when working with a {@link Locale}.

  *
- * 
This class tries to handle null input gracefully.
- * An exception will not be thrown for a null input.
+ * 
This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
  * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.

  *
  * @author Apache Software Foundation
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ public class LocaleUtils {
         new ConcurrentHashMap>();
 
     /**
-     * 
LocaleUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
-     * Instead, the class should be used as LocaleUtils.toLocale("en_GB");.

+     * 
{@code LocaleUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
+     * Instead, the class should be used as {@code LocaleUtils.toLocale("en_GB");}.

      *
      * 
This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance
      * to operate.

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtils.java
index b143002b4..9ea1cbf3b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtils.java
@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@
 package org.apache.commons.lang3;
 
 import java.util.Random;
+
 /**
- * 
Operations for random Strings.

+ * 
Operations for random {@code String}s.

  * 
Currently private high surrogate characters are ignored. 
  * These are unicode characters that fall between the values 56192 (db80)
  * and 56319 (dbff) as we don't know how to handle them. 
@@ -46,9 +47,9 @@ public class RandomStringUtils {
     private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
 
     /**
-     * 
RandomStringUtils instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * 
{@code RandomStringUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
      * standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as
-     * RandomStringUtils.random(5);.

+     * {@code RandomStringUtils.random(5);}.

      *
      * 
This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance
      * to operate.

@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ public static String random(int count) {
      * specified.

      *
      * 
Characters will be chosen from the set of characters whose
-     * ASCII value is between 32 and 126 (inclusive).

+     * ASCII value is between {@code 32} and {@code 126} (inclusive).

      *
      * @param count  the length of random string to create
      * @return the random string
@@ -136,9 +137,9 @@ public static String randomNumeric(int count) {
      * characters as indicated by the arguments.

      *
      * @param count  the length of random string to create
-     * @param letters  if true, generated string will include
+     * @param letters  if {@code true}, generated string will include
      *  alphabetic characters
-     * @param numbers  if true, generated string will include
+     * @param numbers  if {@code true}, generated string will include
      *  numeric characters
      * @return the random string
      */
@@ -156,9 +157,9 @@ public static String random(int count, boolean letters, boolean numbers) {
      * @param count  the length of random string to create
      * @param start  the position in set of chars to start at
      * @param end  the position in set of chars to end before
-     * @param letters  if true, generated string will include
+     * @param letters  if {@code true}, generated string will include
      *  alphabetic characters
-     * @param numbers  if true, generated string will include
+     * @param numbers  if {@code true}, generated string will include
      *  numeric characters
      * @return the random string
      */
@@ -181,10 +182,10 @@ public static String random(int count, int start, int end, boolean letters, bool
      * @param letters  only allow letters?
      * @param numbers  only allow numbers?
      * @param chars  the set of chars to choose randoms from.
-     *  If null, then it will use the set of all chars.
+     *  If {@code null}, then it will use the set of all chars.
      * @return the random string
      * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if there are not
-     *  (end - start) + 1 characters in the set array.
+     *  {@code (end - start) + 1} characters in the set array.
      */
     public static String random(int count, int start, int end, boolean letters, boolean numbers, char[] chars) {
         return random(count, start, end, letters, numbers, chars, RANDOM);
@@ -194,13 +195,13 @@ public static String random(int count, int start, int end, boolean letters, bool
      * 
Creates a random string based on a variety of options, using
      * supplied source of randomness.

      *
-     * 
If start and end are both 0, start and end are set
-     * to ' ' and 'z', the ASCII printable
+     * 
If start and end are both {@code 0}, start and end are set
+     * to {@code ' '} and {@code 'z'}, the ASCII printable
      * characters, will be used, unless letters and numbers are both
-     * false, in which case, start and end are set to
-     * 0 and Integer.MAX_VALUE.
+     * {@code false}, in which case, start and end are set to
+     * {@code 0} and {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}.
      *
-     * 
If set is not null, characters between start and
+     * 
If set is not {@code null}, characters between start and
      * end are chosen.

      *
      * 
This method accepts a user-supplied {@link Random}
@@ -215,12 +216,12 @@ public static String random(int count, int start, int end, boolean letters, bool
      * @param letters  only allow letters?
      * @param numbers  only allow numbers?
      * @param chars  the set of chars to choose randoms from.
-     *  If null, then it will use the set of all chars.
+     *  If {@code null}, then it will use the set of all chars.
      * @param random  a source of randomness.
      * @return the random string
      * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if there are not
-     *  (end - start) + 1 characters in the set array.
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if count < 0.
+     *  {@code (end - start) + 1} characters in the set array.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} < 0.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String random(int count, int start, int end, boolean letters, boolean numbers,
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ public static String random(int count, int start, int end, boolean letters, bool
      * @param chars  the String containing the set of characters to use,
      *  may be null
      * @return the random string
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if count < 0.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} < 0.
      */
     public static String random(int count, String chars) {
         if (chars == null) {
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ public static String random(int count, String chars) {
      * @param chars  the character array containing the set of characters to use,
      *  may be null
      * @return the random string
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if count < 0.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} < 0.
      */
     public static String random(int count, char[] chars) {
         if (chars == null) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Range.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Range.java
index 17d39e3cb..e1a25bd1c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Range.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Range.java
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 import java.util.Comparator;
 
 /**
- * 
Range represents an immutable range of comparables of the same type.

- * 
The objects need to either be implementations of java.lang.Comparable
- * or you need to supply a java.util.Comparator. 

+ * 
{@code Range} represents an immutable range of comparables of the same type.

+ * 
The objects need to either be implementations of {@code java.lang.Comparable}
+ * or you need to supply a {@code java.util.Comparator}. 

  * 
  * 
#ThreadSafe# if the comparables are thread-safe

  * @author Apache Software Foundation
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ public final class Range implements Serializable {
     private transient String toString = null;
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new Range using the specified
+     * 
Constructs a new {@code Range} using the specified
      * element as both the minimum and maximum in this range.

      * 
The range uses the natural ordering of the elements to 
      * determine where values lie in the range.

      *
-     * @param element  the value to use for this range, must not be null
+     * @param element  the value to use for this range, must not be {@code null}
      * @return the new range object
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value is {@code null}
      * @throws ClassCastException if the value is not Comparable
      */
     public static > Range is(T element) {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public static > Range is(T element) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new Range with the specified
+     * 
Constructs a new {@code Range} with the specified
      * minimum and maximum values (both inclusive).

      * 
The range uses the natural ordering of the elements to 
      * determine where values lie in the range.

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public static > Range is(T element) {
      * @param element1  first value that defines the edge of the range, inclusive
      * @param element2  second value that defines the edge of the range, inclusive
      * @return the new range object
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either value is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either value is {@code null}
      * @throws ClassCastException if either value is not Comparable
      */
     public static > Range between(T element1, T element2) {
@@ -98,24 +98,24 @@ public static > Range between(T element1, T element2)
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new Range using the specified
+     * 
Constructs a new {@code Range} using the specified
      * element as both the minimum and maximum in this range.

-     * 
The range uses the passed in Comparator to 
+     * 
The range uses the passed in {@code Comparator} to 
      * determine where values lie in the range.

      *
-     * @param element  the value to use for this range, must not be null
+     * @param element  the value to use for this range, must not be {@code null}
      * @param c comparator to be used
      * @return the new range object
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value is {@code null}
      */
     public static  Range is(T element, Comparator c) {
         return new Range(element, element, c);
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new Range with the specified
+     * 
Constructs a new {@code Range} with the specified
      * minimum and maximum values (both inclusive).

-     * 
The range uses the passed in Comparator to 
+     * 
The range uses the passed in {@code Comparator} to 
      * determine where values lie in the range.

      *
      * 
The arguments may be passed in the order (min,max) or (max,min). The
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public static  Range is(T element, Comparator c) {
      * @param element2  second value that defines the edge of the range, inclusive
      * @param c comparator to be used
      * @return the new range object
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either value is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either value is {@code null}
      */
     public static  Range between(T element1, T element2, Comparator c) {
         return new Range(element1, element2, c);
@@ -197,10 +197,10 @@ public boolean isDefaultNaturalOrdering() {
     /**
      * 
Tests whether the specified element occurs within this range.

      * 
-     * 
null is handled and returns false.

+     * 
{@code null} is handled and returns {@code false}.

      *
-     * @param element  the element to test, may be null
-     * @return true if the specified element occurs within this range
+     * @param element  the element to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the specified element occurs within this range
      */
     public boolean contains(T element) {
         if(element == null) {
@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@ public boolean contains(T element) {
     /**
      * 
Tests whether the specified element occurs before this range.

      *
-     * 
null is handled and returns false.

+     * 
{@code null} is handled and returns {@code false}.

      *
-     * @param element  the element to test, may be null
-     * @return true if the specified element occurs before this range
+     * @param element  the element to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the specified element occurs before this range
      */
     public boolean elementBefore(T element) {
         if (element == null) {
@@ -228,10 +228,10 @@ public boolean elementBefore(T element) {
     /**
      * 
Tests whether the specified element occurs after this range.

      *
-     * 
null is handled and returns false.

+     * 
{@code null} is handled and returns {@code false}.

      *
-     * @param element  the element to test, may be null
-     * @return true if the specified element occurs after this range
+     * @param element  the element to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the specified element occurs after this range
      */
     public boolean elementAfter(T element) {
         if (element == null) {
@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ public boolean elementAfter(T element) {
 
     /**
      * 
Tests where the specified element occurs relative to this range.

-     * 
The API is reminiscent of the Comparable interface returning -1 if 
-     * the element is before the range, 0 if contained within the range and 
-     * 1 if the element is after the range. 

+     * 
The API is reminiscent of the Comparable interface returning {@code -1} if 
+     * the element is before the range, {@code 0} if contained within the range and 
+     * {@code 1} if the element is after the range. 

      *
      * @param element  the element to test
      * @return -1, 0 or +1 depending on the element's location relative to the range
@@ -271,12 +271,12 @@ public int elementCompareTo(T element) {
     /**
      * 
Tests whether the specified range occurs entirely within this range.

      * 
-     * 
null is handled and returns false.

+     * 
{@code null} is handled and returns {@code false}.

      * 
-     * @param range  the range to test, may be null
-     * @return true if the specified range occurs entirely within
-     *  this range; otherwise, false
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Range cannot be compared
+     * @param range  the range to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the specified range occurs entirely within
+     *  this range; otherwise, {@code false}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code Range} cannot be compared
      */
     public boolean containsAll(Range range) {
         if (range == null) {
@@ -289,12 +289,12 @@ public boolean containsAll(Range range) {
     /**
      * 
Tests whether the specified range overlaps with this range.

      * 
-     * 
null is handled and returns false.

+     * 
{@code null} is handled and returns {@code false}.

      * 
-     * @param range  the range to test, may be null
-     * @return true if the specified range overlaps with this
-     *  range; otherwise, false
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Range cannot be compared
+     * @param range  the range to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the specified range overlaps with this
+     *  range; otherwise, {@code false}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code Range} cannot be compared
      */
     public boolean overlapsWith(Range range) {
         if (range == null) {
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ public boolean overlapsWith(Range range) {
      * 
To be equal, the class, minimum and maximum must be equal.

      * 
      * @param obj the reference object with which to compare
-     * @return true if this object is equal
+     * @return {@code true} if this object is equal
      */
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
@@ -349,11 +349,11 @@ public int hashCode() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Gets the range as a String.

+     * 
Gets the range as a {@code String}.

      *
      * 
The format of the String is 'Range[min,max]'.

      * 
-     * @return the String representation of this range
+     * @return the {@code String} representation of this range
      */
     @Override
     public String toString() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationException.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationException.java
index 9586a483d..97df5205a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationException.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationException.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class SerializationException extends RuntimeException {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 4029025366392702726L;
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new SerializationException without specified
+     * 
Constructs a new {@code SerializationException} without specified
      * detail message.

      */
     public SerializationException() {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public SerializationException() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new SerializationException with specified
+     * 
Constructs a new {@code SerializationException} with specified
      * detail message.

      *
      * @param msg  The error message.
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ public SerializationException(String msg) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new SerializationException with specified
-     * nested Throwable.

+     * 
Constructs a new {@code SerializationException} with specified
+     * nested {@code Throwable}.

      *
-     * @param cause  The Exception or Error
+     * @param cause  The {@code Exception} or {@code Error}
      *  that caused this exception to be thrown.
      */
     public SerializationException(Throwable cause) {
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ public SerializationException(Throwable cause) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
Constructs a new SerializationException with specified
-     * detail message and nested Throwable.

+     * 
Constructs a new {@code SerializationException} with specified
+     * detail message and nested {@code Throwable}.

      *
      * @param msg    The error message.
-     * @param cause  The Exception or Error
+     * @param cause  The {@code Exception} or {@code Error}
      *  that caused this exception to be thrown.
      */
     public SerializationException(String msg, Throwable cause) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationUtils.java
index b63725503..ea9bd5e99 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SerializationUtils.java
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
  * 
  • Deserialize managing finally and IOException
  * 
  *
- * 
    This class throws exceptions for invalid null inputs.
+ * 
    This class throws exceptions for invalid {@code null} inputs.
  * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.
    
  *
  * 
    #ThreadSafe#
    
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class SerializationUtils {
     
     /**
      * 
    SerializationUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
-     * Instead, the class should be used as SerializationUtils.clone(object).
    
+     * Instead, the class should be used as {@code SerializationUtils.clone(object)}.
    
      *
      * 
    This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance
      * to operate.
    
@@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ public SerializationUtils() {
     // Clone
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Deep clone an Object using serialization.
    
+     * 
    Deep clone an {@code Object} using serialization.
    
      *
      * 
    This is many times slower than writing clone methods by hand
      * on all objects in your object graph. However, for complex object
      * graphs, or for those that don't support deep cloning this can
      * be a simple alternative implementation. Of course all the objects
-     * must be Serializable.
    
+     * must be {@code Serializable}.
    
      * 
-     * @param object  the Serializable object to clone
+     * @param object  the {@code Serializable} object to clone
      * @return the cloned object
      * @throws SerializationException (runtime) if the serialization fails
      */
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public static  T clone(T object) {
     // Serialize
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Serializes an Object to the specified stream.
    
+     * 
    Serializes an {@code Object} to the specified stream.
    
      *
      * 
    The stream will be closed once the object is written.
      * This avoids the need for a finally clause, and maybe also exception
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public static  T clone(T object) {
      *
      * @param obj  the object to serialize to bytes, may be null
      * @param outputStream  the stream to write to, must not be null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if outputStream is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code outputStream} is {@code null}
      * @throws SerializationException (runtime) if the serialization fails
      */
     public static void serialize(Serializable obj, OutputStream outputStream) {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ public static void serialize(Serializable obj, OutputStream outputStream) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Serializes an Object to a byte array for
+     * 
    Serializes an {@code Object} to a byte array for
      * storage/serialization.
    
      *
      * @param obj  the object to serialize to bytes
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public static byte[] serialize(Serializable obj) {
     // Deserialize
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Deserializes an Object from the specified stream.
    
+     * 
    Deserializes an {@code Object} from the specified stream.
    
      *
      * 
    The stream will be closed once the object is written. This
      * avoids the need for a finally clause, and maybe also exception
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public static byte[] serialize(Serializable obj) {
      *
      * @param inputStream  the serialized object input stream, must not be null
      * @return the deserialized object
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if inputStream is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code inputStream} is {@code null}
      * @throws SerializationException (runtime) if the serialization fails
      */
     public static Object deserialize(InputStream inputStream) {
@@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ public static Object deserialize(InputStream inputStream) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Deserializes a single Object from an array of bytes.
    
+     * 
    Deserializes a single {@code Object} from an array of bytes.
    
      *
      * @param objectData  the serialized object, must not be null
      * @return the deserialized object
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if objectData is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code objectData} is {@code null}
      * @throws SerializationException (runtime) if the serialization fails
      */
     public static Object deserialize(byte[] objectData) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtils.java
index 8f2ced950..c739ff9b2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtils.java
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.translate.UnicodeUnescaper;
 
 /**
- * 
    Escapes and unescapes Strings for
+ * 
    Escapes and unescapes {@code String}s for
  * Java, Java Script, HTML and XML.
    
  *
  * 
    #ThreadSafe#
    
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public int translate(CharSequence input, int index, Writer out) throws IOExcepti
     /* Helper functions */
 
     /**
-     * 
    StringEscapeUtils instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * 
    {@code StringEscapeUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
      * standard programming.
    
      *
      * 
    Instead, the class should be used as:
@@ -219,12 +219,12 @@ public StringEscapeUtils() {
     // Java and JavaScript
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Escapes the characters in a String using Java String rules.
    
+     * 
    Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using Java String rules.
    
      *
      * 
    Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.) 
    
      *
-     * 
    So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and
-     * 't'.
    
+     * 
    So a tab becomes the characters {@code '\\'} and
+     * {@code 't'}.
    
      *
      * 
    The only difference between Java strings and JavaScript strings
      * is that in JavaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.
    
@@ -237,19 +237,19 @@ public StringEscapeUtils() {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param input  String to escape values in, may be null
-     * @return String with escaped values, null if null string input
+     * @return String with escaped values, {@code null} if null string input
      */
     public static final String escapeJava(String input) {
         return ESCAPE_JAVA.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Escapes the characters in a String using EcmaScript String rules.
    
+     * 
    Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using EcmaScript String rules.
    
      * 
    Escapes any values it finds into their EcmaScript String form.
      * Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.) 
    
      *
-     * 
    So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and
-     * 't'.
    
+     * 
    So a tab becomes the characters {@code '\\'} and
+     * {@code 't'}.
    
      *
      * 
    The only difference between Java strings and EcmaScript strings
      * is that in EcmaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.
    
@@ -264,35 +264,35 @@ public static final String escapeJava(String input) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param input  String to escape values in, may be null
-     * @return String with escaped values, null if null string input
+     * @return String with escaped values, {@code null} if null string input
      */
     public static final String escapeEcmaScript(String input) {
         return ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Unescapes any Java literals found in the String.
-     * For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and
-     * 'n' into a newline character, unless the '\'
-     * is preceded by another '\'.
    
+     * 
    Unescapes any Java literals found in the {@code String}.
+     * For example, it will turn a sequence of {@code '\'} and
+     * {@code 'n'} into a newline character, unless the {@code '\'}
+     * is preceded by another {@code '\'}.
    
      * 
-     * @param input  the String to unescape, may be null
-     * @return a new unescaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to unescape, may be null
+     * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      */
     public static final String unescapeJava(String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_JAVA.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the String.
    
+     * 
    Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the {@code String}.
    
      *
-     * 
    For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and 'n'
-     * into a newline character, unless the '\' is preceded by another
-     * '\'.
    
+     * 
    For example, it will turn a sequence of {@code '\'} and {@code 'n'}
+     * into a newline character, unless the {@code '\'} is preceded by another
+     * {@code '\'}.
    
      *
      * @see #unescapeJava(String)
-     * @param input  the String to unescape, may be null
-     * @return A new unescaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to unescape, may be null
+     * @return A new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      */
     public static final String unescapeEcmaScript(String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT.translate(input);
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ public static final String unescapeEcmaScript(String input) {
     // HTML and XML
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Escapes the characters in a String using HTML entities.
    
+     * 
    Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using HTML entities.
    
      *
      * 
    
      * For example:
@@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ public static final String unescapeEcmaScript(String input) {
      * Note that the commonly used apostrophe escape character (&apos;)
      * is not a legal entity and so is not supported). 
    
      *
-     * @param input  the String to escape, may be null
-     * @return a new escaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to escape, may be null
+     * @return a new escaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      * 
      * @see ISO Entities
      * @see HTML 3.2 Character Entities for ISO Latin-1
@@ -330,11 +330,11 @@ public static final String escapeHtml4(String input) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Escapes the characters in a String using HTML entities.
    
+     * 
    Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using HTML entities.
    
      * 
    Supports only the HTML 3.0 entities. 
    
      *
-     * @param input  the String to escape, may be null
-     * @return a new escaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to escape, may be null
+     * @return a new escaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      * 
      */
     public static final String escapeHtml3(String input) {
@@ -354,8 +354,8 @@ public static final String escapeHtml3(String input) {
      * verbatim into the result string. e.g. "&gt;&zzzz;x" will
      * become ">&zzzz;x".
    
      *
-     * @param input  the String to unescape, may be null
-     * @return a new unescaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to unescape, may be null
+     * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      */
     public static final String unescapeHtml4(String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_HTML4.translate(input);
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ public static final String unescapeHtml4(String input) {
      * containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the
      * escapes. Supports only HTML 3.0 entities.
    
      *
-     * @param input  the String to unescape, may be null
-     * @return a new unescaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to unescape, may be null
+     * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      */
     public static final String unescapeHtml3(String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_HTML3.translate(input);
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ public static final String unescapeHtml3(String input) {
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.
    
+     * 
    Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using XML entities.
    
      *
      * 
    For example: "bread" & "butter" =>
      * &quot;bread&quot; &amp; &quot;butter&quot;.
@@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ public static final String unescapeHtml3(String input) {
      * 
    Note that unicode characters greater than 0x7f are as of 3.0, no longer 
      *    escaped. 
    
      *
-     * @param input  the String to escape, may be null
-     * @return a new escaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to escape, may be null
+     * @return a new escaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      * @see #unescapeXml(java.lang.String)
      */
     public static final String escapeXml(String input) {
@@ -408,8 +408,8 @@ public static final String escapeXml(String input) {
      * 
    Note that numerical \\u unicode codes are unescaped to their respective 
      *    unicode characters. This may change in future releases. 
    
      *
-     * @param input  the String to unescape, may be null
-     * @return a new unescaped String, null if null string input
+     * @param input  the {@code String} to unescape, may be null
+     * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input
      * @see #escapeXml(String)
      */
     public static final String unescapeXml(String input) {
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ public static final String unescapeXml(String input) {
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
-     * 
    Returns a String value for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes,
+     * 
    Returns a {@code String} value for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes,
      * if required.
    
      *
      * 
    If the value contains a comma, newline or double quote, then the
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ public static final String unescapeXml(String input) {
      *
      * @param input the input CSV column String, may be null
      * @return the input String, enclosed in double quotes if the value contains a comma,
-     * newline or double quote, null if null string input
+     * newline or double quote, {@code null} if null string input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final String escapeCsv(String input) {
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ public static final String escapeCsv(String input) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Returns a String value for an unescaped CSV column. 
    
+     * 
    Returns a {@code String} value for an unescaped CSV column. 
    
      *
      * 
    If the value is enclosed in double quotes, and contains a comma, newline 
      *    or double quote, then quotes are removed. 
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ public static final String escapeCsv(String input) {
      *
      * @param input the input CSV column String, may be null
      * @return the input String, with enclosing double quotes removed and embedded double 
-     * quotes unescaped, null if null string input
+     * quotes unescaped, {@code null} if null string input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final String unescapeCsv(String input) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java
index b8edc2e16..767184749 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 /**
  * 
    Operations on {@link java.lang.String} that are
- * null safe.
    
+ * {@code null} safe.
    
  *
  * 
      
  *  
    • IsEmpty/IsBlank
@@ -77,28 +77,28 @@
  *      - the number of changes needed to change one String into another
      • 
  * 
    
  *
- * 
    The StringUtils class defines certain words related to
+ * 
    The {@code StringUtils} class defines certain words related to
  * String handling.
    
  *
  * 
      
- *  
    • null - null
      • 
- *  
    • empty - a zero-length string ("")
      • 
- *  
    • space - the space character (' ', char 32)
      • 
+ *  
    • null - {@code null}
      • 
+ *  
    • empty - a zero-length string ({@code ""})
      • 
+ *  
    • space - the space character ({@code ' '}, char 32)
      • 
  *  
    • whitespace - the characters defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}
      • 
  *  
    • trim - the characters <= 32 as in {@link String#trim()}
      • 
  * 
    
  *
- * 
    StringUtils handles null input Strings quietly.
- * That is to say that a null input will return null.
- * Where a boolean or int is being returned
+ * 
    {@code StringUtils} handles {@code null} input Strings quietly.
+ * That is to say that a {@code null} input will return {@code null}.
+ * Where a {@code boolean} or {@code int} is being returned
  * details vary by method.
    
  *
- * 
    A side effect of the null handling is that a
- * NullPointerException should be considered a bug in
- * StringUtils.
    
+ * 
    A side effect of the {@code null} handling is that a
+ * {@code NullPointerException} should be considered a bug in
+ * {@code StringUtils}.
    
  *
  * 
    Methods in this class give sample code to explain their operation.
- * The symbol * is used to indicate any input including null.
    
+ * The symbol {@code *} is used to indicate any input including {@code null}.
    
  *
  * 
    #ThreadSafe#
    
  * @see java.lang.String
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public class StringUtils {
     // (not sure who tested this)
 
     /**
-     * The empty String "".
+     * The empty String {@code ""}.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static final String EMPTY = "";
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ public class StringUtils {
     private static final Pattern WHITESPACE_BLOCK = Pattern.compile("\\s+");
 
     /**
-     * 
    StringUtils instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * 
    {@code StringUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
      * standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as
-     * StringUtils.trim(" foo ");.
    
+     * {@code StringUtils.trim(" foo ");}.
    
      *
      * 
    This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
      * instance to operate.
    
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public StringUtils() {
      * That functionality is available in isBlank().
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if the CharSequence is empty or null
+     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is empty or null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isEmpty(String) to isEmpty(CharSequence)
      */
     public static boolean isEmpty(CharSequence cs) {
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ public static boolean isEmpty(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    • 
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if the CharSequence is not empty and not null
+     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is not empty and not null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isNotEmpty(String) to isNotEmpty(CharSequence)
      */
     public static boolean isNotEmpty(CharSequence cs) {
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ public static boolean isNotEmpty(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if the CharSequence is null, empty or whitespace
+     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is null, empty or whitespace
      * @since 2.0
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isBlank(String) to isBlank(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ public static boolean isBlank(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if the CharSequence is
+     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is
      *  not empty and not null and not whitespace
      * @since 2.0
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isNotBlank(String) to isNotBlank(CharSequence)
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ public static boolean isNotBlank(CharSequence cs) {
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * 
    Removes control characters (char <= 32) from both
-     * ends of this String, handling null by returning
-     * null.
    
+     * ends of this String, handling {@code null} by returning
+     * {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
    The String is trimmed using {@link String#trim()}.
      * Trim removes start and end characters <= 32.
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ public static boolean isNotBlank(CharSequence cs) {
      *
    * * @param str the String to be trimmed, may be null - * @return the trimmed string, null if null String input + * @return the trimmed string, {@code null} if null String input */ public static String trim(String str) { return str == null ? null : str.trim(); @@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ public static String trim(String str) { /** *

    Removes control characters (char <= 32) from both - * ends of this String returning null if the String is - * empty ("") after the trim or if it is null. + * ends of this String returning {@code null} if the String is + * empty ("") after the trim or if it is {@code null}. * *

    The String is trimmed using {@link String#trim()}. * Trim removes start and end characters <= 32. @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ public static String trim(String str) { * * @param str the String to be trimmed, may be null * @return the trimmed String, - * null if only chars <= 32, empty or null String input + * {@code null} if only chars <= 32, empty or null String input * @since 2.0 */ public static String trimToNull(String str) { @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ public static String trimToNull(String str) { /** *

    Removes control characters (char <= 32) from both * ends of this String returning an empty String ("") if the String - * is empty ("") after the trim or if it is null. + * is empty ("") after the trim or if it is {@code null}. * *

    The String is trimmed using {@link String#trim()}. * Trim removes start and end characters <= 32. @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ public static String trimToNull(String str) { * * * @param str the String to be trimmed, may be null - * @return the trimmed String, or an empty String if null input + * @return the trimmed String, or an empty String if {@code null} input * @since 2.0 */ public static String trimToEmpty(String str) { @@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ public static String trimToEmpty(String str) { *

    This is similar to {@link #trim(String)} but removes whitespace. * Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.

    * - *

    A null input String returns null.

    + *

    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.

    * * 
          * StringUtils.strip(null)     = null
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ public static String trimToEmpty(String str) {
      *
    * * @param str the String to remove whitespace from, may be null - * @return the stripped String, null if null String input + * @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input */ public static String strip(String str) { return strip(str, null); @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ public static String strip(String str) { /** *

    Strips whitespace from the start and end of a String returning - * null if the String is empty ("") after the strip.

    + * {@code null} if the String is empty ("") after the strip.

    * *

    This is similar to {@link #trimToNull(String)} but removes whitespace. * Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.

    @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ public static String strip(String str) { * * @param str the String to be stripped, may be null * @return the stripped String, - * null if whitespace, empty or null String input + * {@code null} if whitespace, empty or null String input * @since 2.0 */ public static String stripToNull(String str) { @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ public static String stripToNull(String str) { /** *

    Strips whitespace from the start and end of a String returning - * an empty String if null input.

    + * an empty String if {@code null} input.

    * *

    This is similar to {@link #trimToEmpty(String)} but removes whitespace. * Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.

    @@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ public static String stripToNull(String str) { * * * @param str the String to be stripped, may be null - * @return the trimmed String, or an empty String if null input + * @return the trimmed String, or an empty String if {@code null} input * @since 2.0 */ public static String stripToEmpty(String str) { @@ -441,10 +441,10 @@ public static String stripToEmpty(String str) { * This is similar to {@link String#trim()} but allows the characters * to be stripped to be controlled.

    * - *

    A null input String returns null. + *

    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. * An empty string ("") input returns the empty string.

    * - *

    If the stripChars String is null, whitespace is + *

    If the stripChars String is {@code null}, whitespace is * stripped as defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}. * Alternatively use {@link #strip(String)}.

    * @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ public static String stripToEmpty(String str) { * * @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null * @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace - * @return the stripped String, null if null String input + * @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input */ public static String strip(String str, String stripChars) { if (isEmpty(str)) { @@ -473,10 +473,10 @@ public static String strip(String str, String stripChars) { /** *

    Strips any of a set of characters from the start of a String.

    * - *

    A null input String returns null. + *

    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. * An empty string ("") input returns the empty string.

    * - *

    If the stripChars String is null, whitespace is + *

    If the stripChars String is {@code null}, whitespace is * stripped as defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.

    * * 
    @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ public static String strip(String str, String stripChars) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to remove characters from, may be null
      * @param stripChars  the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
-     * @return the stripped String, null if null String input
+     * @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String stripStart(String str, String stripChars) {
         int strLen;
@@ -517,10 +517,10 @@ public static String stripStart(String str, String stripChars) {
     /**
      * 
    Strips any of a set of characters from the end of a String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
      * An empty string ("") input returns the empty string.
    
      *
-     * 
    If the stripChars String is null, whitespace is
+     * 
    If the stripChars String is {@code null}, whitespace is
      * stripped as defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ public static String stripStart(String str, String stripChars) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to remove characters from, may be null
      * @param stripChars  the set of characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
-     * @return the stripped String, null if null String input
+     * @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String stripEnd(String str, String stripChars) {
         int end;
@@ -566,9 +566,9 @@ public static String stripEnd(String str, String stripChars) {
      * Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
    
      *
      * 
    A new array is returned each time, except for length zero.
-     * A null array will return null.
+     * A {@code null} array will return {@code null}.
      * An empty array will return itself.
-     * A null array entry will be ignored.
    
+     * A {@code null} array entry will be ignored.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.stripAll(null)             = null
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ public static String stripEnd(String str, String stripChars) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param strs  the array to remove whitespace from, may be null
-     * @return the stripped Strings, null if null array input
+     * @return the stripped Strings, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static String[] stripAll(String[] strs) {
         return stripAll(strs, null);
@@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ public static String[] stripAll(String[] strs) {
      * Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
    
      *
      * 
    A new array is returned each time, except for length zero.
-     * A null array will return null.
+     * A {@code null} array will return {@code null}.
      * An empty array will return itself.
-     * A null array entry will be ignored.
-     * A null stripChars will strip whitespace as defined by
+     * A {@code null} array entry will be ignored.
+     * A {@code null} stripChars will strip whitespace as defined by
      * {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ public static String[] stripAll(String[] strs) {
      *
      * @param strs  the array to remove characters from, may be null
      * @param stripChars  the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
-     * @return the stripped Strings, null if null array input
+     * @return the stripped Strings, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static String[] stripAll(String[] strs, String stripChars) {
         int strsLen;
@@ -748,9 +748,9 @@ private static String removeAccentsSUN(CharSequence text) throws IllegalArgument
     // Equals
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Compares two CharSequences, returning true if they are equal.
    
+     * 
    Compares two CharSequences, returning {@code true} if they are equal.
    
      *
-     * 
    nulls are handled without exceptions. Two null
+     * 
    {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null}
      * references are considered to be equal. The comparison is case sensitive.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -764,8 +764,8 @@ private static String removeAccentsSUN(CharSequence text) throws IllegalArgument
      * @see java.lang.String#equals(Object)
      * @param cs1  the first CharSequence, may be null
      * @param cs2  the second CharSequence, may be null
-     * @return true if the CharSequences are equal, case sensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequences are equal, case sensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from equals(String, String) to equals(CharSequence, CharSequence)
      */
     public static boolean equals(CharSequence cs1, CharSequence cs2) {
@@ -773,10 +773,10 @@ public static boolean equals(CharSequence cs1, CharSequence cs2) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Compares two Strings, returning true if they are equal ignoring
+     * 
    Compares two Strings, returning {@code true} if they are equal ignoring
      * the case.
    
      *
-     * 
    nulls are handled without exceptions. Two null
+     * 
    {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null}
      * references are considered equal. Comparison is case insensitive.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -790,8 +790,8 @@ public static boolean equals(CharSequence cs1, CharSequence cs2) {
      * @see java.lang.String#equalsIgnoreCase(String)
      * @param str1  the first String, may be null
      * @param str2  the second String, may be null
-     * @return true if the Strings are equal, case insensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the Strings are equal, case insensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      */
     public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String str1, String str2) {
         return str1 == null ? str2 == null : str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2);
@@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String str1, String str2) {
     // IndexOf
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(int)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null or empty ("") String will return INDEX_NOT_FOUND (-1).
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} or empty ("") String will return {@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND (-1)}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOf(null, *)         = -1
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String str1, String str2) {
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchChar  the character to find
      * @return the first index of the search character,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int indexOf(String str, int searchChar) {
@@ -827,12 +827,12 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, int searchChar) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Finds the first index within a String from a start position,
-     * handling null.
+     * handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(int, int)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null or empty ("") String will return (INDEX_NOT_FOUND) -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} or empty ("") String will return {@code (INDEX_NOT_FOUND) -1}.
      * A negative start position is treated as zero.
-     * A start position greater than the string length returns -1.
    
+     * A start position greater than the string length returns {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOf(null, *, *)          = -1
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, int searchChar) {
      * @param searchChar  the character to find
      * @param startPos  the start position, negative treated as zero
      * @return the first index of the search character,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int indexOf(String str, int searchChar, int startPos) {
@@ -858,10 +858,10 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, int searchChar, int startPos) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOf(null, *)          = -1
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, int searchChar, int startPos) {
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @return the first index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int indexOf(String str, String searchStr) {
@@ -888,10 +888,10 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, String searchStr) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String, int)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
      * A negative start position is treated as zero.
      * An empty ("") search String always matches.
      * A start position greater than the string length only matches
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, String searchStr) {
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @param startPos  the start position, negative treated as zero
      * @return the first index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int indexOf(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
@@ -927,10 +927,10 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the n-th index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the n-th index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.ordinalIndexOf(null, *, *)          = -1
@@ -954,9 +954,9 @@ public static int indexOf(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
-     * @param ordinal  the n-th searchStr to find
+     * @param ordinal  the n-th {@code searchStr} to find
      * @return the n-th index of the search String,
-     *  -1 (INDEX_NOT_FOUND) if no match or null string input
+     *  {@code -1} ({@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND}) if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static int ordinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal) {
@@ -964,17 +964,17 @@ public static int ordinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the n-th index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the n-th index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
-     * @param ordinal  the n-th searchStr to find
+     * @param ordinal  the n-th {@code searchStr} to find
      * @param lastIndex true if lastOrdinalIndexOf() otherwise false if ordinalIndexOf()
      * @return the n-th index of the search String,
-     *  -1 (INDEX_NOT_FOUND) if no match or null string input
+     *  {@code -1} ({@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND}) if no match or {@code null} string input
      */
     // Shared code between ordinalIndexOf(String,String,int) and lastOrdinalIndexOf(String,String,int)
     private static int ordinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal, boolean lastIndex) {
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ private static int ordinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal, boo
     /**
      * 
    Case in-sensitive find of the first index within a String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
      * A negative start position is treated as zero.
      * An empty ("") search String always matches.
      * A start position greater than the string length only matches
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ private static int ordinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal, boo
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @return the first index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
      * 
    Case in-sensitive find of the first index within a String
      * from the specified position.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
      * A negative start position is treated as zero.
      * An empty ("") search String always matches.
      * A start position greater than the string length only matches
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @param startPos  the start position, negative treated as zero
      * @return the first index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
@@ -1084,10 +1084,10 @@ public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr, int startPos)
     // LastIndexOf
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the last index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the last index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#lastIndexOf(int)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null or empty ("") String will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} or empty ("") String will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.lastIndexOf(null, *)         = -1
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr, int startPos)
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchChar  the character to find
      * @return the last index of the search character,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(String str, int searchChar) {
@@ -1111,11 +1111,11 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, int searchChar) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Finds the last index within a String from a start position,
-     * handling null.
+     * handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#lastIndexOf(int, int)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null or empty ("") String will return -1.
-     * A negative start position returns -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} or empty ("") String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A negative start position returns {@code -1}.
      * A start position greater than the string length searches the whole string.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, int searchChar) {
      * @param searchChar  the character to find
      * @param startPos  the start position
      * @return the last index of the search character,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(String str, int searchChar, int startPos) {
@@ -1144,10 +1144,10 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, int searchChar, int startPos) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the last index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the last index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#lastIndexOf(String)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.lastIndexOf(null, *)          = -1
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, int searchChar, int startPos) {
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @return the last index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(String str, String searchStr) {
@@ -1173,10 +1173,10 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, String searchStr) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the n-th last index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the n-th last index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#lastIndexOf(String)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.lastOrdinalIndexOf(null, *, *)          = -1
@@ -1200,9 +1200,9 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, String searchStr) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
-     * @param ordinal  the n-th last searchStr to find
+     * @param ordinal  the n-th last {@code searchStr} to find
      * @return the n-th last index of the search String,
-     *  -1 (INDEX_NOT_FOUND) if no match or null string input
+     *  {@code -1} ({@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND}) if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static int lastOrdinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal) {
@@ -1210,11 +1210,11 @@ public static int lastOrdinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal)
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling null.
+     * 
    Finds the first index within a String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#lastIndexOf(String, int)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A negative start position returns -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A negative start position returns {@code -1}.
      * An empty ("") search String always matches unless the start position is negative.
      * A start position greater than the string length searches the whole string.
    
      *
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ public static int lastOrdinalIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int ordinal)
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @param startPos  the start position, negative treated as zero
      * @return the first index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static int lastIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
@@ -1247,8 +1247,8 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
     /**
      * 
    Case in-sensitive find of the last index within a String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A negative start position returns -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A negative start position returns {@code -1}.
      * An empty ("") search String always matches unless the start position is negative.
      * A start position greater than the string length searches the whole string.
    
      *
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ public static int lastIndexOf(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @return the first index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
@@ -1277,8 +1277,8 @@ public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
      * 
    Case in-sensitive find of the last index within a String
      * from the specified position.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A negative start position returns -1.
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A negative start position returns {@code -1}.
      * An empty ("") search String always matches unless the start position is negative.
      * A start position greater than the string length searches the whole string.
    
      *
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @param startPos  the start position
      * @return the first index of the search String,
-     *  -1 if no match or null string input
+     *  -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr, int startPos) {
@@ -1326,10 +1326,10 @@ public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr, int startP
     // Contains
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Checks if String contains a search character, handling null.
+     * 
    Checks if String contains a search character, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(int)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null or empty ("") String will return false.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} or empty ("") String will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.contains(null, *)    = false
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr, int startP
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchChar  the character to find
      * @return true if the String contains the search character,
-     *  false if not or null string input
+     *  false if not or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static boolean contains(String str, int searchChar) {
@@ -1352,10 +1352,10 @@ public static boolean contains(String str, int searchChar) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Checks if String contains a search String, handling null.
+     * 
    Checks if String contains a search String, handling {@code null}.
      * This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return false.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.contains(null, *)     = false
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ public static boolean contains(String str, int searchChar) {
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @return true if the String contains the search String,
-     *  false if not or null string input
+     *  false if not or {@code null} string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static boolean contains(String str, String searchStr) {
@@ -1381,10 +1381,10 @@ public static boolean contains(String str, String searchStr) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Checks if String contains a search String irrespective of case,
-     * handling null. Case-insensitivity is defined as by
+     * handling {@code null}. Case-insensitivity is defined as by
      * {@link String#equalsIgnoreCase(String)}.
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return false.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.contains(null, *) = false
@@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ public static boolean contains(String str, String searchStr) {
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStr  the String to find, may be null
      * @return true if the String contains the search String irrespective of
-     * case or false if not or null string input
+     * case or false if not or {@code null} string input
      */
     public static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
         if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
@@ -1418,8 +1418,8 @@ public static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String str, String searchStr) {
 
     /**
      * Check whether the given String contains any whitespace characters.
-     * @param str the String to check (may be null)
-     * @return true if the String is not empty and
+     * @param str the String to check (may be {@code null})
+     * @return {@code true} if the String is not empty and
      * contains at least 1 whitespace character
      * @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
      * @since 3.0
@@ -1444,8 +1444,8 @@ public static boolean containsWhitespace(String str) {
      * 
    Search a CharSequence to find the first index of any
      * character in the given set of characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A null or zero length search array will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} or zero length search array will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOfAny(null, *)                = -1
@@ -1493,8 +1493,8 @@ public static int indexOfAny(CharSequence cs, char[] searchChars) {
      * 
    Search a CharSequence to find the first index of any
      * character in the given set of characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A null search string will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} search string will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOfAny(null, *)            = -1
@@ -1525,8 +1525,8 @@ public static int indexOfAny(CharSequence cs, String searchChars) {
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains any character in the given
      * set of characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null CharSequence will return false.
-     * A null or zero length search array will return false.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}.
+     * A {@code null} or zero length search array will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.containsAny(null, *)                = false
@@ -1540,8 +1540,8 @@ public static int indexOfAny(CharSequence cs, String searchChars) {
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
      * @param searchChars  the chars to search for, may be null
-     * @return the true if any of the chars are found,
-     * false if no match or null input
+     * @return the {@code true} if any of the chars are found,
+     * {@code false} if no match or null input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static boolean containsAny(String cs, char[] searchChars) {
@@ -1580,8 +1580,8 @@ public static boolean containsAny(String cs, char[] searchChars) {
      * 
    
      *
      * 
    
-     * A null CharSequence will return false. A null search CharSequence will return
-     * false.
+     * A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}. A {@code null} search CharSequence will return
+     * {@code false}.
      * 
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ public static boolean containsAny(String cs, char[] searchChars) {
      *            the CharSequence to check, may be null
      * @param searchChars
      *            the chars to search for, may be null
-     * @return the true if any of the chars are found, false if no match or null input
+     * @return the {@code true} if any of the chars are found, {@code false} if no match or null input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static boolean containsAny(String cs, String searchChars) {
@@ -1614,8 +1614,8 @@ public static boolean containsAny(String cs, String searchChars) {
      * 
    Searches a CharSequence to find the first index of any
      * character not in the given set of characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null CharSequence will return -1.
-     * A null or zero length search array will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} or zero length search array will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOfAnyBut(null, *)                              = -1
@@ -1665,8 +1665,8 @@ public static int indexOfAnyBut(CharSequence cs, char[] searchChars) {
      * 
    Search a String to find the first index of any
      * character not in the given set of characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A null or empty search string will return -1.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} or empty search string will return {@code -1}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOfAnyBut(null, *)            = -1
@@ -1710,9 +1710,9 @@ public static int indexOfAnyBut(String str, String searchChars) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only certain characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null CharSequence will return false.
-     * A null valid character array will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) always returns true.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}.
+     * A {@code null} valid character array will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) always returns {@code true}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.containsOnly(null, *)       = false
@@ -1746,9 +1746,9 @@ public static boolean containsOnly(CharSequence cs, char[] valid) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only certain characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null CharSequence will return false.
-     * A null valid character String will return false.
-     * An empty String (length()=0) always returns true.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}.
+     * A {@code null} valid character String will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty String (length()=0) always returns {@code true}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.containsOnly(null, *)       = false
@@ -1778,8 +1778,8 @@ public static boolean containsOnly(CharSequence cs, String validChars) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks that the CharSequence does not contain certain characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null CharSequence will return true.
-     * A null invalid character array will return true.
+     * 
    A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code true}.
+     * A {@code null} invalid character array will return {@code true}.
      * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) always returns true.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -1831,8 +1831,8 @@ public static boolean containsNone(CharSequence cs, char[] searchChars) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks that the CharSequence does not contain certain characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null CharSequence will return true.
-     * A null invalid character array will return true.
+     * 
    A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code true}.
+     * A {@code null} invalid character array will return {@code true}.
      * An empty String ("") always returns true.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -1863,10 +1863,10 @@ public static boolean containsNone(CharSequence cs, String invalidChars) {
     /**
      * 
    Find the first index of any of a set of potential substrings.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A null or zero length search array will return -1.
-     * A null search array entry will be ignored, but a search
-     * array containing "" will return 0 if str is not
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} or zero length search array will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} search array entry will be ignored, but a search
+     * array containing "" will return {@code 0} if {@code str} is not
      * null. This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)}.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -1917,11 +1917,11 @@ public static int indexOfAny(String str, String[] searchStrs) {
     /**
      * 
    Find the latest index of any of a set of potential substrings.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return -1.
-     * A null search array will return -1.
-     * A null or zero length search array entry will be ignored,
-     * but a search array containing "" will return the length of str
-     * if str is not null. This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)}
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} search array will return {@code -1}.
+     * A {@code null} or zero length search array entry will be ignored,
+     * but a search array containing "" will return the length of {@code str}
+     * if {@code str} is not null. This method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)}
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.lastIndexOfAny(null, *)                   = -1
@@ -1964,10 +1964,10 @@ public static int lastIndexOfAny(String str, String[] searchStrs) {
     /**
      * 
    Gets a substring from the specified String avoiding exceptions.
    
      *
-     * 
    A negative start position can be used to start n
+     * 
    A negative start position can be used to start {@code n}
      * characters from the end of the String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} String will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") String will return "".
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ public static int lastIndexOfAny(String str, String[] searchStrs) {
      * @param str  the String to get the substring from, may be null
      * @param start  the position to start from, negative means
      *  count back from the end of the String by this many characters
-     * @return substring from start position, null if null String input
+     * @return substring from start position, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String substring(String str, int start) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -2008,16 +2008,16 @@ public static String substring(String str, int start) {
     /**
      * 
    Gets a substring from the specified String avoiding exceptions.
    
      *
-     * 
    A negative start position can be used to start/end n
+     * 
    A negative start position can be used to start/end {@code n}
      * characters from the end of the String.
    
      *
-     * 
    The returned substring starts with the character in the start
-     * position and ends before the end position. All position counting is
+     * 
    The returned substring starts with the character in the {@code start}
+     * position and ends before the {@code end} position. All position counting is
      * zero-based -- i.e., to start at the beginning of the string use
-     * start = 0. Negative start and end positions can be used to
+     * {@code start = 0}. Negative start and end positions can be used to
      * specify offsets relative to the end of the String.
    
      *
-     * 
    If start is not strictly to the left of end, ""
+     * 
    If {@code start} is not strictly to the left of {@code end}, ""
      * is returned.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -2038,7 +2038,7 @@ public static String substring(String str, int start) {
      * @param end  the position to end at (exclusive), negative means
      *  count back from the end of the String by this many characters
      * @return substring from start position to end positon,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String substring(String str, int start, int end) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -2076,10 +2076,10 @@ public static String substring(String str, int start, int end) {
     // Left/Right/Mid
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Gets the leftmost len characters of a String.
    
+     * 
    Gets the leftmost {@code len} characters of a String.
    
      *
-     * 
    If len characters are not available, or the
-     * String is null, the String will be returned without
+     * 
    If {@code len} characters are not available, or the
+     * String is {@code null}, the String will be returned without
      * an exception. An empty String is returned if len is negative.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -2093,7 +2093,7 @@ public static String substring(String str, int start, int end) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to get the leftmost characters from, may be null
      * @param len  the length of the required String
-     * @return the leftmost characters, null if null String input
+     * @return the leftmost characters, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String left(String str, int len) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -2109,10 +2109,10 @@ public static String left(String str, int len) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Gets the rightmost len characters of a String.
    
+     * 
    Gets the rightmost {@code len} characters of a String.
    
      *
-     * 
    If len characters are not available, or the String
-     * is null, the String will be returned without an
+     * 
    If {@code len} characters are not available, or the String
+     * is {@code null}, the String will be returned without an
      * an exception. An empty String is returned if len is negative.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -2126,7 +2126,7 @@ public static String left(String str, int len) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to get the rightmost characters from, may be null
      * @param len  the length of the required String
-     * @return the rightmost characters, null if null String input
+     * @return the rightmost characters, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String right(String str, int len) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -2142,13 +2142,13 @@ public static String right(String str, int len) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Gets len characters from the middle of a String.
    
+     * 
    Gets {@code len} characters from the middle of a String.
    
      *
-     * 
    If len characters are not available, the remainder
+     * 
    If {@code len} characters are not available, the remainder
      * of the String will be returned without an exception. If the
-     * String is null, null will be returned.
+     * String is {@code null}, {@code null} will be returned.
      * An empty String is returned if len is negative or exceeds the
-     * length of str.
    
+     * length of {@code str}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.mid(null, *, *)    = null
@@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@ public static String right(String str, int len) {
      * @param str  the String to get the characters from, may be null
      * @param pos  the position to start from, negative treated as zero
      * @param len  the length of the required String
-     * @return the middle characters, null if null String input
+     * @return the middle characters, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String mid(String str, int pos, int len) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -2188,9 +2188,9 @@ public static String mid(String str, int pos, int len) {
      * 
    Gets the substring before the first occurrence of a separator.
      * The separator is not returned.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null string input will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") string input will return the empty string.
-     * A null separator will return the input string.
    
+     * A {@code null} separator will return the input string.
    
      *
      * 
    If nothing is found, the string input is returned.
    
      *
@@ -2208,7 +2208,7 @@ public static String mid(String str, int pos, int len) {
      * @param str  the String to get a substring from, may be null
      * @param separator  the String to search for, may be null
      * @return the substring before the first occurrence of the separator,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String substringBefore(String str, String separator) {
@@ -2229,10 +2229,10 @@ public static String substringBefore(String str, String separator) {
      * 
    Gets the substring after the first occurrence of a separator.
      * The separator is not returned.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null string input will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") string input will return the empty string.
-     * A null separator will return the empty string if the
-     * input string is not null.
    
+     * A {@code null} separator will return the empty string if the
+     * input string is not {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
    If nothing is found, the empty string is returned.
    
      *
@@ -2250,7 +2250,7 @@ public static String substringBefore(String str, String separator) {
      * @param str  the String to get a substring from, may be null
      * @param separator  the String to search for, may be null
      * @return the substring after the first occurrence of the separator,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String substringAfter(String str, String separator) {
@@ -2271,9 +2271,9 @@ public static String substringAfter(String str, String separator) {
      * 
    Gets the substring before the last occurrence of a separator.
      * The separator is not returned.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null string input will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") string input will return the empty string.
-     * An empty or null separator will return the input string.
    
+     * An empty or {@code null} separator will return the input string.
    
      *
      * 
    If nothing is found, the string input is returned.
    
      *
@@ -2291,7 +2291,7 @@ public static String substringAfter(String str, String separator) {
      * @param str  the String to get a substring from, may be null
      * @param separator  the String to search for, may be null
      * @return the substring before the last occurrence of the separator,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String substringBeforeLast(String str, String separator) {
@@ -2309,10 +2309,10 @@ public static String substringBeforeLast(String str, String separator) {
      * 
    Gets the substring after the last occurrence of a separator.
      * The separator is not returned.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null string input will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") string input will return the empty string.
-     * An empty or null separator will return the empty string if
-     * the input string is not null.
    
+     * An empty or {@code null} separator will return the empty string if
+     * the input string is not {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
    If nothing is found, the empty string is returned.
    
      *
@@ -2331,7 +2331,7 @@ public static String substringBeforeLast(String str, String separator) {
      * @param str  the String to get a substring from, may be null
      * @param separator  the String to search for, may be null
      * @return the substring after the last occurrence of the separator,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String substringAfterLast(String str, String separator) {
@@ -2354,8 +2354,8 @@ public static String substringAfterLast(String str, String separator) {
      * 
    Gets the String that is nested in between two instances of the
      * same String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null tag returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} tag returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.substringBetween(null, *)            = null
@@ -2368,7 +2368,7 @@ public static String substringAfterLast(String str, String separator) {
      *
      * @param str  the String containing the substring, may be null
      * @param tag  the String before and after the substring, may be null
-     * @return the substring, null if no match
+     * @return the substring, {@code null} if no match
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String substringBetween(String str, String tag) {
@@ -2379,8 +2379,8 @@ public static String substringBetween(String str, String tag) {
      * 
    Gets the String that is nested in between two Strings.
      * Only the first match is returned.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null open/close returns null (no match).
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} open/close returns {@code null} (no match).
      * An empty ("") open and close returns an empty string.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ public static String substringBetween(String str, String tag) {
      * @param str  the String containing the substring, may be null
      * @param open  the String before the substring, may be null
      * @param close  the String after the substring, may be null
-     * @return the substring, null if no match
+     * @return the substring, {@code null} if no match
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String substringBetween(String str, String open, String close) {
@@ -2420,9 +2420,9 @@ public static String substringBetween(String str, String open, String close) {
      * 
    Searches a String for substrings delimited by a start and end tag,
      * returning all matching substrings in an array.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null open/close returns null (no match).
-     * An empty ("") open/close returns null (no match).
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} open/close returns {@code null} (no match).
+     * An empty ("") open/close returns {@code null} (no match).
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.substringsBetween("[a][b][c]", "[", "]") = ["a","b","c"]
@@ -2435,7 +2435,7 @@ public static String substringBetween(String str, String open, String close) {
      * @param str  the String containing the substrings, null returns null, empty returns empty
      * @param open  the String identifying the start of the substring, empty returns null
      * @param close  the String identifying the end of the substring, empty returns null
-     * @return a String Array of substrings, or null if no match
+     * @return a String Array of substrings, or {@code null} if no match
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static String[] substringsBetween(String str, String open, String close) {
@@ -2483,7 +2483,7 @@ public static String[] substringsBetween(String str, String open, String close)
      * Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.split(null)       = null
@@ -2494,7 +2494,7 @@ public static String[] substringsBetween(String str, String open, String close)
      * 
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String[] split(String str) {
         return split(str, null, -1);
@@ -2508,7 +2508,7 @@ public static String[] split(String str) {
      * Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.split(null, *)         = null
@@ -2521,7 +2521,7 @@ public static String[] split(String str) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
      * @param separatorChar  the character used as the delimiter
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String[] split(String str, char separatorChar) {
@@ -2536,8 +2536,8 @@ public static String[] split(String str, char separatorChar) {
      * Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.split(null, *)         = null
@@ -2550,8 +2550,8 @@ public static String[] split(String str, char separatorChar) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
      * @param separatorChars  the characters used as the delimiters,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String[] split(String str, String separatorChars) {
         return splitWorker(str, separatorChars, -1, false);
@@ -2564,11 +2564,11 @@ public static String[] split(String str, String separatorChars) {
      * 
    The separator is not included in the returned String array.
      * Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
      *
-     * 
    If more than max delimited substrings are found, the last
-     * returned string includes all characters after the first max - 1
+     * 
    If more than {@code max} delimited substrings are found, the last
+     * returned string includes all characters after the first {@code max - 1}
      * returned strings (including separator characters).
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -2582,10 +2582,10 @@ public static String[] split(String str, String separatorChars) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
      * @param separatorChars  the characters used as the delimiters,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
      * @param max  the maximum number of elements to include in the
      *  array. A zero or negative value implies no limit
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String[] split(String str, String separatorChars, int max) {
         return splitWorker(str, separatorChars, max, false);
@@ -2597,8 +2597,8 @@ public static String[] split(String str, String separatorChars, int max) {
      * 
    The separator(s) will not be included in the returned String array.
      * Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separator splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separator splits on whitespace.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator(null, *)               = null
@@ -2611,8 +2611,8 @@ public static String[] split(String str, String separatorChars, int max) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
      * @param separator  String containing the String to be used as a delimiter,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String was input
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
      */
     public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator(String str, String separator) {
         return splitByWholeSeparatorWorker( str, separator, -1, false ) ;
@@ -2620,13 +2620,13 @@ public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator(String str, String separator) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Splits the provided text into an array, separator string specified.
-     * Returns a maximum of max substrings.
    
+     * Returns a maximum of {@code max} substrings.
    
      *
      * 
    The separator(s) will not be included in the returned String array.
      * Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separator splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separator splits on whitespace.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator(null, *, *)               = null
@@ -2640,10 +2640,10 @@ public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator(String str, String separator) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
      * @param separator  String containing the String to be used as a delimiter,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
      * @param max  the maximum number of elements to include in the returned
      *  array. A zero or negative value implies no limit.
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String was input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
      */
     public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator( String str, String separator, int max ) {
         return splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(str, separator, max, false);
@@ -2656,8 +2656,8 @@ public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator( String str, String separator, int
      * Adjacent separators are treated as separators for empty tokens.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separator splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separator splits on whitespace.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(null, *)               = null
@@ -2670,8 +2670,8 @@ public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator( String str, String separator, int
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
      * @param separator  String containing the String to be used as a delimiter,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String was input
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separator) {
@@ -2680,14 +2680,14 @@ public static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(String str, String
 
     /**
      * 
    Splits the provided text into an array, separator string specified.
-     * Returns a maximum of max substrings.
    
+     * Returns a maximum of {@code max} substrings.
    
      *
      * 
    The separator is not included in the returned String array.
      * Adjacent separators are treated as separators for empty tokens.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separator splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separator splits on whitespace.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(null, *, *)               = null
@@ -2701,10 +2701,10 @@ public static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(String str, String
      *
      * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
      * @param separator  String containing the String to be used as a delimiter,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
      * @param max  the maximum number of elements to include in the returned
      *  array. A zero or negative value implies no limit.
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String was input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separator, int max) {
@@ -2712,17 +2712,17 @@ public static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(String str, String
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs the logic for the splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens methods.
+     * Performs the logic for the {@code splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens} methods.
      *
-     * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
+     * @param str  the String to parse, may be {@code null}
      * @param separator  String containing the String to be used as a delimiter,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
      * @param max  the maximum number of elements to include in the returned
      *  array. A zero or negative value implies no limit.
-     * @param preserveAllTokens if true, adjacent separators are
-     * treated as empty token separators; if false, adjacent
+     * @param preserveAllTokens if {@code true}, adjacent separators are
+     * treated as empty token separators; if {@code false}, adjacent
      * separators are treated as one separator.
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     private static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(
@@ -2802,7 +2802,7 @@ private static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(
      * Adjacent separators are treated as separators for empty tokens.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(null)       = null
@@ -2812,8 +2812,8 @@ private static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(
      * StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(" abc ")    = ["", "abc", ""]
      * 
    
      *
-     * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @param str  the String to parse, may be {@code null}
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str) {
@@ -2829,7 +2829,7 @@ public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str) {
      * Adjacent separators are treated as separators for empty tokens.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, *)         = null
@@ -2846,10 +2846,10 @@ public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str) {
      * StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(" a b c ", ' ')  = ["", a", "b", "c", ""]
      * 
    
      *
-     * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
+     * @param str  the String to parse, may be {@code null}
      * @param separatorChar  the character used as the delimiter,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, char separatorChar) {
@@ -2857,16 +2857,16 @@ public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, char separatorChar) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs the logic for the split and
-     * splitPreserveAllTokens methods that do not return a
+     * Performs the logic for the {@code split} and
+     * {@code splitPreserveAllTokens} methods that do not return a
      * maximum array length.
      *
-     * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
+     * @param str  the String to parse, may be {@code null}
      * @param separatorChar the separate character
-     * @param preserveAllTokens if true, adjacent separators are
-     * treated as empty token separators; if false, adjacent
+     * @param preserveAllTokens if {@code true}, adjacent separators are
+     * treated as empty token separators; if {@code false}, adjacent
      * separators are treated as one separator.
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     private static String[] splitWorker(String str, char separatorChar, boolean preserveAllTokens) {
         // Performance tuned for 2.0 (JDK1.4)
@@ -2911,8 +2911,8 @@ private static String[] splitWorker(String str, char separatorChar, boolean pres
      * Adjacent separators are treated as separators for empty tokens.
      * For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, *)           = null
@@ -2929,10 +2929,10 @@ private static String[] splitWorker(String str, char separatorChar, boolean pres
      * StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(":cd:ef:", ":")    = ["", cd", "ef", ""]
      * 
    
      *
-     * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
+     * @param str  the String to parse, may be {@code null}
      * @param separatorChars  the characters used as the delimiters,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separatorChars) {
@@ -2948,11 +2948,11 @@ public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separatorChars)
      * Adjacent separators are treated as separators for empty tokens.
      * Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
-     * A null separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
+     * A {@code null} separatorChars splits on whitespace.
    
      *
-     * 
    If more than max delimited substrings are found, the last
-     * returned string includes all characters after the first max - 1
+     * 
    If more than {@code max} delimited substrings are found, the last
+     * returned string includes all characters after the first {@code max - 1}
      * returned strings (including separator characters).
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -2967,12 +2967,12 @@ public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separatorChars)
      * StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab   de fg", null, 4) = ["ab", "", "", "de fg"]
      * 
    
      *
-     * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
+     * @param str  the String to parse, may be {@code null}
      * @param separatorChars  the characters used as the delimiters,
-     *  null splits on whitespace
+     *  {@code null} splits on whitespace
      * @param max  the maximum number of elements to include in the
      *  array. A zero or negative value implies no limit
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separatorChars, int max) {
@@ -2980,18 +2980,18 @@ public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separatorChars,
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs the logic for the split and
-     * splitPreserveAllTokens methods that return a maximum array
+     * Performs the logic for the {@code split} and
+     * {@code splitPreserveAllTokens} methods that return a maximum array
      * length.
      *
-     * @param str  the String to parse, may be null
+     * @param str  the String to parse, may be {@code null}
      * @param separatorChars the separate character
      * @param max  the maximum number of elements to include in the
      *  array. A zero or negative value implies no limit.
-     * @param preserveAllTokens if true, adjacent separators are
-     * treated as empty token separators; if false, adjacent
+     * @param preserveAllTokens if {@code true}, adjacent separators are
+     * treated as empty token separators; if {@code false}, adjacent
      * separators are treated as one separator.
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     private static String[] splitWorker(String str, String separatorChars, int max, boolean preserveAllTokens) {
         // Performance tuned for 2.0 (JDK1.4)
@@ -3080,7 +3080,7 @@ private static String[] splitWorker(String str, String separatorChars, int max,
 
     /**
      * 
    Splits a String by Character type as returned by
-     * java.lang.Character.getType(char). Groups of contiguous
+     * {@code java.lang.Character.getType(char)}. Groups of contiguous
      * characters of the same type are returned as complete tokens.
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitByCharacterType(null)         = null
@@ -3093,8 +3093,8 @@ private static String[] splitWorker(String str, String separatorChars, int max,
      * StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("foo200Bar")  = ["foo", "200", "B", "ar"]
      * StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("ASFRules")   = ["ASFR", "ules"]
      * 
    
-     * @param str the String to split, may be null
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @param str the String to split, may be {@code null}
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static String[] splitByCharacterType(String str) {
@@ -3103,13 +3103,13 @@ public static String[] splitByCharacterType(String str) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Splits a String by Character type as returned by
-     * java.lang.Character.getType(char). Groups of contiguous
+     * {@code java.lang.Character.getType(char)}. Groups of contiguous
      * characters of the same type are returned as complete tokens, with the
      * following exception: the character of type
-     * Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER, if any, immediately
-     * preceding a token of type Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER
+     * {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER}, if any, immediately
+     * preceding a token of type {@code Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER}
      * will belong to the following token rather than to the preceding, if any,
-     * Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER token.
+     * {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER} token.
      * 
          * StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase(null)         = null
      * StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("")           = []
@@ -3121,8 +3121,8 @@ public static String[] splitByCharacterType(String str) {
      * StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("foo200Bar")  = ["foo", "200", "Bar"]
      * StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ASFRules")   = ["ASF", "Rules"]
      * 
    
-     * @param str the String to split, may be null
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @param str the String to split, may be {@code null}
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static String[] splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase(String str) {
@@ -3131,16 +3131,16 @@ public static String[] splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase(String str) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Splits a String by Character type as returned by
-     * java.lang.Character.getType(char). Groups of contiguous
+     * {@code java.lang.Character.getType(char)}. Groups of contiguous
      * characters of the same type are returned as complete tokens, with the
-     * following exception: if camelCase is true,
-     * the character of type Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER, if any,
-     * immediately preceding a token of type Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER
+     * following exception: if {@code camelCase} is {@code true},
+     * the character of type {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER}, if any,
+     * immediately preceding a token of type {@code Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER}
      * will belong to the following token rather than to the preceding, if any,
-     * Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER token.
-     * @param str the String to split, may be null
+     * {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER} token.
+     * @param str the String to split, may be {@code null}
      * @param camelCase whether to use so-called "camel-case" for letter types
-     * @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
+     * @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     private static String[] splitByCharacterType(String str, boolean camelCase) {
@@ -3236,7 +3236,7 @@ public static String concatWith(String separator, Object... elements) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param array  the array of values to join together, may be null
-     * @return the joined String, null if null array input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String join(Object[] array) {
@@ -3262,7 +3262,7 @@ public static String join(Object[] array) {
      *
      * @param array  the array of values to join together, may be null
      * @param separator  the separator character to use
-     * @return the joined String, null if null array input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String join(Object[] array, char separator) {
@@ -3296,7 +3296,7 @@ public static String join(Object[] array, char separator) {
      * an error to pass in an end index past the end of the array
      * @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is
      * an error to pass in an end index past the end of the array
-     * @return the joined String, null if null array input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String join(Object[] array, char separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
@@ -3328,7 +3328,7 @@ public static String join(Object[] array, char separator, int startIndex, int en
      * containing the provided list of elements.
    
      *
      * 
    No delimiter is added before or after the list.
-     * A null separator is the same as an empty String ("").
+     * A {@code null} separator is the same as an empty String ("").
      * Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by
      * empty strings.
    
      *
@@ -3344,7 +3344,7 @@ public static String join(Object[] array, char separator, int startIndex, int en
      *
      * @param array  the array of values to join together, may be null
      * @param separator  the separator character to use, null treated as ""
-     * @return the joined String, null if null array input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static String join(Object[] array, String separator) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3358,7 +3358,7 @@ public static String join(Object[] array, String separator) {
      * containing the provided list of elements.
    
      *
      * 
    No delimiter is added before or after the list.
-     * A null separator is the same as an empty String ("").
+     * A {@code null} separator is the same as an empty String ("").
      * Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by
      * empty strings.
    
      *
@@ -3378,7 +3378,7 @@ public static String join(Object[] array, String separator) {
      * an error to pass in an end index past the end of the array
      * @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is
      * an error to pass in an end index past the end of the array
-     * @return the joined String, null if null array input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
      */
     public static String join(Object[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
         if (array == null) {
@@ -3412,7 +3412,7 @@ public static String join(Object[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided Iterator into
+     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterator} into
      * a single String containing the provided elements.
    
      *
      * 
    No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty
@@ -3420,9 +3420,9 @@ public static String join(Object[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int
      *
      * 
    See the examples here: {@link #join(Object[],char)}. 
    
      *
-     * @param iterator  the Iterator of values to join together, may be null
+     * @param iterator  the {@code Iterator} of values to join together, may be null
      * @param separator  the separator character to use
-     * @return the joined String, null if null iterator input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String join(Iterator iterator, char separator) {
@@ -3457,17 +3457,17 @@ public static String join(Iterator iterator, char separator) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided Iterator into
+     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterator} into
      * a single String containing the provided elements.
    
      *
      * 
    No delimiter is added before or after the list.
-     * A null separator is the same as an empty String ("").
    
+     * A {@code null} separator is the same as an empty String ("").
    
      *
      * 
    See the examples here: {@link #join(Object[],String)}. 
    
      *
-     * @param iterator  the Iterator of values to join together, may be null
+     * @param iterator  the {@code Iterator} of values to join together, may be null
      * @param separator  the separator character to use, null treated as ""
-     * @return the joined String, null if null iterator input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
      */
     public static String join(Iterator iterator, String separator) {
 
@@ -3502,7 +3502,7 @@ public static String join(Iterator iterator, String separator) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided Iterable into
+     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterable} into
      * a single String containing the provided elements.
    
      *
      * 
    No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty
@@ -3510,9 +3510,9 @@ public static String join(Iterator iterator, String separator) {
      *
      * 
    See the examples here: {@link #join(Object[],char)}. 
    
      *
-     * @param iterable  the Iterable providing the values to join together, may be null
+     * @param iterable  the {@code Iterable} providing the values to join together, may be null
      * @param separator  the separator character to use
-     * @return the joined String, null if null iterator input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static String join(Iterable iterable, char separator) {
@@ -3523,17 +3523,17 @@ public static String join(Iterable iterable, char separator) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided Iterable into
+     * 
    Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterable} into
      * a single String containing the provided elements.
    
      *
      * 
    No delimiter is added before or after the list.
-     * A null separator is the same as an empty String ("").
    
+     * A {@code null} separator is the same as an empty String ("").
    
      *
      * 
    See the examples here: {@link #join(Object[],String)}. 
    
      *
-     * @param iterable  the Iterable providing the values to join together, may be null
+     * @param iterable  the {@code Iterable} providing the values to join together, may be null
      * @param separator  the separator character to use, null treated as ""
-     * @return the joined String, null if null iterator input
+     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static String join(Iterable iterable, String separator) {
@@ -3557,7 +3557,7 @@ public static String join(Iterable iterable, String separator) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to delete whitespace from, may be null
-     * @return the String without whitespaces, null if null String input
+     * @return the String without whitespaces, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String deleteWhitespace(String str) {
         if (isEmpty(str)) {
@@ -3583,9 +3583,9 @@ public static String deleteWhitespace(String str) {
      * 
    Removes a substring only if it is at the begining of a source string,
      * otherwise returns the source string.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null source string will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") source string will return the empty string.
-     * A null search string will return the source string.
    
+     * A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.removeStart(null, *)      = null
@@ -3600,7 +3600,7 @@ public static String deleteWhitespace(String str) {
      * @param str  the source String to search, may be null
      * @param remove  the String to search for and remove, may be null
      * @return the substring with the string removed if found,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String removeStart(String str, String remove) {
@@ -3617,9 +3617,9 @@ public static String removeStart(String str, String remove) {
      * 
    Case insensitive removal of a substring if it is at the begining of a source string,
      * otherwise returns the source string.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null source string will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") source string will return the empty string.
-     * A null search string will return the source string.
    
+     * A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase(null, *)      = null
@@ -3635,7 +3635,7 @@ public static String removeStart(String str, String remove) {
      * @param str  the source String to search, may be null
      * @param remove  the String to search for (case insensitive) and remove, may be null
      * @return the substring with the string removed if found,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static String removeStartIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) {
@@ -3652,9 +3652,9 @@ public static String removeStartIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) {
      * 
    Removes a substring only if it is at the end of a source string,
      * otherwise returns the source string.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null source string will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") source string will return the empty string.
-     * A null search string will return the source string.
    
+     * A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.removeEnd(null, *)      = null
@@ -3669,7 +3669,7 @@ public static String removeStartIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) {
      * @param str  the source String to search, may be null
      * @param remove  the String to search for and remove, may be null
      * @return the substring with the string removed if found,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String removeEnd(String str, String remove) {
@@ -3686,9 +3686,9 @@ public static String removeEnd(String str, String remove) {
      * 
    Case insensitive removal of a substring if it is at the end of a source string,
      * otherwise returns the source string.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null source string will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") source string will return the empty string.
-     * A null search string will return the source string.
    
+     * A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase(null, *)      = null
@@ -3705,7 +3705,7 @@ public static String removeEnd(String str, String remove) {
      * @param str  the source String to search, may be null
      * @param remove  the String to search for (case insensitive) and remove, may be null
      * @return the substring with the string removed if found,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static String removeEndIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) {
@@ -3721,9 +3721,9 @@ public static String removeEndIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) {
     /**
      * 
    Removes all occurrences of a substring from within the source string.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null source string will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") source string will return the empty string.
-     * A null remove string will return the source string.
+     * A {@code null} remove string will return the source string.
      * An empty ("") remove string will return the source string.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -3738,7 +3738,7 @@ public static String removeEndIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) {
      * @param str  the source String to search, may be null
      * @param remove  the String to search for and remove, may be null
      * @return the substring with the string removed if found,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String remove(String str, String remove) {
@@ -3751,7 +3751,7 @@ public static String remove(String str, String remove) {
     /**
      * 
    Removes all occurrences of a character from within the source string.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null source string will return null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") source string will return the empty string.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -3764,7 +3764,7 @@ public static String remove(String str, String remove) {
      * @param str  the source String to search, may be null
      * @param remove  the char to search for and remove, may be null
      * @return the substring with the char removed if found,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static String remove(String str, char remove) {
@@ -3786,7 +3786,7 @@ public static String remove(String str, char remove) {
     /**
      * 
    Replaces a String with another String inside a larger String, once.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null reference passed to this method is a no-op.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.replaceOnce(null, *, *)        = null
@@ -3804,7 +3804,7 @@ public static String remove(String str, char remove) {
      * @param searchString  the String to search for, may be null
      * @param replacement  the String to replace with, may be null
      * @return the text with any replacements processed,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String replaceOnce(String text, String searchString, String replacement) {
         return replace(text, searchString, replacement, 1);
@@ -3813,7 +3813,7 @@ public static String replaceOnce(String text, String searchString, String replac
     /**
      * 
    Replaces all occurrences of a String within another String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null reference passed to this method is a no-op.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.replace(null, *, *)        = null
@@ -3831,7 +3831,7 @@ public static String replaceOnce(String text, String searchString, String replac
      * @param searchString  the String to search for, may be null
      * @param replacement  the String to replace it with, may be null
      * @return the text with any replacements processed,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String replace(String text, String searchString, String replacement) {
         return replace(text, searchString, replacement, -1);
@@ -3839,9 +3839,9 @@ public static String replace(String text, String searchString, String replacemen
 
     /**
      * 
    Replaces a String with another String inside a larger String,
-     * for the first max values of the search String.
    
+     * for the first {@code max} values of the search String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null reference passed to this method is a no-op.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.replace(null, *, *, *)         = null
@@ -3861,9 +3861,9 @@ public static String replace(String text, String searchString, String replacemen
      * @param text  text to search and replace in, may be null
      * @param searchString  the String to search for, may be null
      * @param replacement  the String to replace it with, may be null
-     * @param max  maximum number of values to replace, or -1 if no maximum
+     * @param max  maximum number of values to replace, or {@code -1} if no maximum
      * @return the text with any replacements processed,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String replace(String text, String searchString, String replacement, int max) {
         if (isEmpty(text) || isEmpty(searchString) || replacement == null || max == 0) {
@@ -3897,7 +3897,7 @@ public static String replace(String text, String searchString, String replacemen
      * 
    
      *
      * 
    
-     * A null reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if
+     * A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if
      * any "search string" or "string to replace" is null, that replace will be
      * ignored. This will not repeat. For repeating replaces, call the
      * overloaded method.
@@ -3923,7 +3923,7 @@ public static String replace(String text, String searchString, String replacemen
      *            the Strings to search for, no-op if null
      * @param replacementList
      *            the Strings to replace them with, no-op if null
-     * @return the text with any replacements processed, null if
+     * @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if
      *         null String input
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
      *             if the lengths of the arrays are not the same (null is ok,
@@ -3940,7 +3940,7 @@ public static String replaceEach(String text, String[] searchList, String[] repl
      * 
    
      *
      * 
    
-     * A null reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if
+     * A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if
      * any "search string" or "string to replace" is null, that replace will be
      * ignored. This will not repeat. For repeating replaces, call the
      * overloaded method.
@@ -3969,7 +3969,7 @@ public static String replaceEach(String text, String[] searchList, String[] repl
      *            the Strings to search for, no-op if null
      * @param replacementList
      *            the Strings to replace them with, no-op if null
-     * @return the text with any replacements processed, null if
+     * @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if
      *         null String input
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the search is repeating and there is an endless loop due
@@ -3992,7 +3992,7 @@ public static String replaceEachRepeatedly(String text, String[] searchList, Str
      * 
    
      *
      * 
    
-     * A null reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if
+     * A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if
      * any "search string" or "string to replace" is null, that replace will be
      * ignored.
      * 
    
@@ -4024,7 +4024,7 @@ public static String replaceEachRepeatedly(String text, String[] searchList, Str
      * @param timeToLive
      *            if less than 0 then there is a circular reference and endless
      *            loop
-     * @return the text with any replacements processed, null if
+     * @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if
      *         null String input
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the search is repeating and there is an endless loop due
@@ -4167,7 +4167,7 @@ private static String replaceEach(
      * 
    Replaces all occurrences of a character in a String with another.
      * This is a null-safe version of {@link String#replace(char, char)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null string input returns null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") string input returns an empty string.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -4180,7 +4180,7 @@ private static String replaceEach(
      * @param str  String to replace characters in, may be null
      * @param searchChar  the character to search for, may be null
      * @param replaceChar  the character to replace, may be null
-     * @return modified String, null if null string input
+     * @return modified String, {@code null} if null string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String replaceChars(String str, char searchChar, char replaceChar) {
@@ -4197,7 +4197,7 @@ public static String replaceChars(String str, char searchChar, char replaceChar)
      * 
    For example:
    
      * replaceChars("hello", "ho", "jy") = jelly.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null string input returns null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}.
      * An empty ("") string input returns an empty string.
      * A null or empty set of search characters returns the input string.
    
      *
@@ -4223,7 +4223,7 @@ public static String replaceChars(String str, char searchChar, char replaceChar)
      * @param str  String to replace characters in, may be null
      * @param searchChars  a set of characters to search for, may be null
      * @param replaceChars  a set of characters to replace, may be null
-     * @return modified String, null if null string input
+     * @return modified String, {@code null} if null string input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String replaceChars(String str, String searchChars, String replaceChars) {
@@ -4260,7 +4260,7 @@ public static String replaceChars(String str, String searchChars, String replace
     /**
      * 
    Overlays part of a String with another String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null string input returns null.
+     * 
    A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}.
      * A negative index is treated as zero.
      * An index greater than the string length is treated as the string length.
      * The start index is always the smaller of the two indices.
    
@@ -4283,7 +4283,7 @@ public static String replaceChars(String str, String searchChars, String replace
      * @param overlay  the String to overlay, may be null
      * @param start  the position to start overlaying at
      * @param end  the position to stop overlaying before
-     * @return overlayed String, null if null String input
+     * @return overlayed String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String overlay(String str, String overlay, int start, int end) {
@@ -4322,8 +4322,8 @@ public static String overlay(String str, String overlay, int start, int end) {
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * 
    Removes one newline from end of a String if it's there,
-     * otherwise leave it alone.  A newline is "\n",
-     * "\r", or "\r\n".
    
+     * otherwise leave it alone.  A newline is "{@code \n}",
+     * "{@code \r}", or "{@code \r\n}".
    
      *
      * 
    NOTE: This method changed in 2.0.
      * It now more closely matches Perl chomp.
    
@@ -4343,7 +4343,7 @@ public static String overlay(String str, String overlay, int start, int end) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to chomp a newline from, may be null
-     * @return String without newline, null if null String input
+     * @return String without newline, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String chomp(String str) {
         if (isEmpty(str)) {
@@ -4372,8 +4372,8 @@ public static String chomp(String str) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Removes separator from the end of
-     * str if it's there, otherwise leave it alone.
    
+     * 
    Removes {@code separator} from the end of
+     * {@code str} if it's there, otherwise leave it alone.
    
      *
      * 
    NOTE: This method changed in version 2.0.
      * It now more closely matches Perl chomp.
@@ -4395,7 +4395,7 @@ public static String chomp(String str) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to chomp from, may be null
      * @param separator  separator String, may be null
-     * @return String without trailing separator, null if null String input
+     * @return String without trailing separator, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String chomp(String str, String separator) {
         if (isEmpty(str) || separator == null) {
@@ -4412,7 +4412,7 @@ public static String chomp(String str, String separator) {
     /**
      * 
    Remove the last character from a String.
    
      *
-     * 
    If the String ends in \r\n, then remove both
+     * 
    If the String ends in {@code \r\n}, then remove both
      * of them.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -4430,7 +4430,7 @@ public static String chomp(String str, String separator) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to chop last character from, may be null
-     * @return String without last character, null if null String input
+     * @return String without last character, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String chop(String str) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -4457,7 +4457,7 @@ public static String chop(String str) {
     // Padding
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Repeat a String repeat times to form a
+     * 
    Repeat a String {@code repeat} times to form a
      * new String.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -4472,7 +4472,7 @@ public static String chop(String str) {
      * @param str  the String to repeat, may be null
      * @param repeat  number of times to repeat str, negative treated as zero
      * @return a new String consisting of the original String repeated,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String repeat(String str, int repeat) {
         // Performance tuned for 2.0 (JDK1.4)
@@ -4519,7 +4519,7 @@ public static String repeat(String str, int repeat) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Repeat a String repeat times to form a
+     * 
    Repeat a String {@code repeat} times to form a
      * new String, with a String separator injected each time. 
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -4535,7 +4535,7 @@ public static String repeat(String str, int repeat) {
      * @param separator  the String to inject, may be null
      * @param repeat     number of times to repeat str, negative treated as zero
      * @return a new String consisting of the original String repeated,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static String repeat(String str, String separator, int repeat) {
@@ -4560,7 +4560,7 @@ public static String repeat(String str, String separator, int repeat) {
      *
      * 
    Note: this method doesn't not support padding with
      * Unicode Supplementary Characters
-     * as they require a pair of chars to be represented.
+     * as they require a pair of {@code char}s to be represented.
      * If you are needing to support full I18N of your applications
      * consider using {@link #repeat(String, int)} instead.
      * 
    
@@ -4585,7 +4585,7 @@ private static String padding(int repeat, char padChar) throws IndexOutOfBoundsE
     /**
      * 
    Right pad a String with spaces (' ').
    
      *
-     * 
    The String is padded to the size of size.
    
+     * 
    The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.rightPad(null, *)   = null
@@ -4599,7 +4599,7 @@ private static String padding(int repeat, char padChar) throws IndexOutOfBoundsE
      * @param str  the String to pad out, may be null
      * @param size  the size to pad to
      * @return right padded String or original String if no padding is necessary,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String rightPad(String str, int size) {
         return rightPad(str, size, ' ');
@@ -4608,7 +4608,7 @@ public static String rightPad(String str, int size) {
     /**
      * 
    Right pad a String with a specified character.
    
      *
-     * 
    The String is padded to the size of size.
    
+     * 
    The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.rightPad(null, *, *)     = null
@@ -4623,7 +4623,7 @@ public static String rightPad(String str, int size) {
      * @param size  the size to pad to
      * @param padChar  the character to pad with
      * @return right padded String or original String if no padding is necessary,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String rightPad(String str, int size, char padChar) {
@@ -4643,7 +4643,7 @@ public static String rightPad(String str, int size, char padChar) {
     /**
      * 
    Right pad a String with a specified String.
    
      *
-     * 
    The String is padded to the size of size.
    
+     * 
    The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.rightPad(null, *, *)      = null
@@ -4661,7 +4661,7 @@ public static String rightPad(String str, int size, char padChar) {
      * @param size  the size to pad to
      * @param padStr  the String to pad with, null or empty treated as single space
      * @return right padded String or original String if no padding is necessary,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String rightPad(String str, int size, String padStr) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -4697,7 +4697,7 @@ public static String rightPad(String str, int size, String padStr) {
     /**
      * 
    Left pad a String with spaces (' ').
    
      *
-     * 
    The String is padded to the size of size.
    
+     * 
    The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.leftPad(null, *)   = null
@@ -4711,7 +4711,7 @@ public static String rightPad(String str, int size, String padStr) {
      * @param str  the String to pad out, may be null
      * @param size  the size to pad to
      * @return left padded String or original String if no padding is necessary,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String leftPad(String str, int size) {
         return leftPad(str, size, ' ');
@@ -4720,7 +4720,7 @@ public static String leftPad(String str, int size) {
     /**
      * 
    Left pad a String with a specified character.
    
      *
-     * 
    Pad to a size of size.
    
+     * 
    Pad to a size of {@code size}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.leftPad(null, *, *)     = null
@@ -4735,7 +4735,7 @@ public static String leftPad(String str, int size) {
      * @param size  the size to pad to
      * @param padChar  the character to pad with
      * @return left padded String or original String if no padding is necessary,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String leftPad(String str, int size, char padChar) {
@@ -4755,7 +4755,7 @@ public static String leftPad(String str, int size, char padChar) {
     /**
      * 
    Left pad a String with a specified String.
    
      *
-     * 
    Pad to a size of size.
    
+     * 
    Pad to a size of {@code size}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.leftPad(null, *, *)      = null
@@ -4773,7 +4773,7 @@ public static String leftPad(String str, int size, char padChar) {
      * @param size  the size to pad to
      * @param padStr  the String to pad with, null or empty treated as single space
      * @return left padded String or original String if no padding is necessary,
-     *  null if null String input
+     *  {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String leftPad(String str, int size, String padStr) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -4807,13 +4807,13 @@ public static String leftPad(String str, int size, String padStr) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets a CharSequence length or 0 if the CharSequence is
-     * null.
+     * Gets a CharSequence length or {@code 0} if the CharSequence is
+     * {@code null}.
      *
      * @param cs
-     *            a CharSequence or null
-     * @return CharSequence length or 0 if the CharSequence is
-     *         null.
+     *            a CharSequence or {@code null}
+     * @return CharSequence length or {@code 0} if the CharSequence is
+     *         {@code null}.
      * @since 2.4
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from length(String) to length(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -4824,14 +4824,14 @@ public static int length(CharSequence cs) {
     // Centering
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * 
    Centers a String in a larger String of size size
+     * 
    Centers a String in a larger String of size {@code size}
      * using the space character (' ').
    
      *
      * 
    If the size is less than the String length, the String is returned.
-     * A null String returns null.
+     * A {@code null} String returns {@code null}.
      * A negative size is treated as zero.
    
      *
-     * 
    Equivalent to center(str, size, " ").
    
+     * 
    Equivalent to {@code center(str, size, " ")}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.center(null, *)   = null
@@ -4844,18 +4844,18 @@ public static int length(CharSequence cs) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to center, may be null
      * @param size  the int size of new String, negative treated as zero
-     * @return centered String, null if null String input
+     * @return centered String, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String center(String str, int size) {
         return center(str, size, ' ');
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Centers a String in a larger String of size size.
+     * 
    Centers a String in a larger String of size {@code size}.
      * Uses a supplied character as the value to pad the String with.
    
      *
      * 
    If the size is less than the String length, the String is returned.
-     * A null String returns null.
+     * A {@code null} String returns {@code null}.
      * A negative size is treated as zero.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -4871,7 +4871,7 @@ public static String center(String str, int size) {
      * @param str  the String to center, may be null
      * @param size  the int size of new String, negative treated as zero
      * @param padChar  the character to pad the new String with
-     * @return centered String, null if null String input
+     * @return centered String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String center(String str, int size, char padChar) {
@@ -4889,11 +4889,11 @@ public static String center(String str, int size, char padChar) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Centers a String in a larger String of size size.
+     * 
    Centers a String in a larger String of size {@code size}.
      * Uses a supplied String as the value to pad the String with.
    
      *
      * 
    If the size is less than the String length, the String is returned.
-     * A null String returns null.
+     * A {@code null} String returns {@code null}.
      * A negative size is treated as zero.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -4911,8 +4911,8 @@ public static String center(String str, int size, char padChar) {
      * @param str  the String to center, may be null
      * @param size  the int size of new String, negative treated as zero
      * @param padStr  the String to pad the new String with, must not be null or empty
-     * @return centered String, null if null String input
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if padStr is null or empty
+     * @return centered String, {@code null} if null String input
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if padStr is {@code null} or empty
      */
     public static String center(String str, int size, String padStr) {
         if (str == null || size <= 0) {
@@ -4936,7 +4936,7 @@ public static String center(String str, int size, String padStr) {
     /**
      * 
    Converts a String to upper case as per {@link String#toUpperCase()}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.upperCase(null)  = null
@@ -4950,7 +4950,7 @@ public static String center(String str, int size, String padStr) {
      * should be used with a specific locale (e.g. {@link Locale#ENGLISH}).
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to upper case, may be null
-     * @return the upper cased String, null if null String input
+     * @return the upper cased String, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String upperCase(String str) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -4962,7 +4962,7 @@ public static String upperCase(String str) {
     /**
      * 
    Converts a String to upper case as per {@link String#toUpperCase(Locale)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.upperCase(null, Locale.ENGLISH)  = null
@@ -4972,7 +4972,7 @@ public static String upperCase(String str) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to upper case, may be null
      * @param locale  the locale that defines the case transformation rules, must not be null
-     * @return the upper cased String, null if null String input
+     * @return the upper cased String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static String upperCase(String str, Locale locale) {
@@ -4985,7 +4985,7 @@ public static String upperCase(String str, Locale locale) {
     /**
      * 
    Converts a String to lower case as per {@link String#toLowerCase()}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.lowerCase(null)  = null
@@ -4999,7 +4999,7 @@ public static String upperCase(String str, Locale locale) {
      * should be used with a specific locale (e.g. {@link Locale#ENGLISH}).
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to lower case, may be null
-     * @return the lower cased String, null if null String input
+     * @return the lower cased String, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String lowerCase(String str) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -5011,7 +5011,7 @@ public static String lowerCase(String str) {
     /**
      * 
    Converts a String to lower case as per {@link String#toLowerCase(Locale)}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null input String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.lowerCase(null, Locale.ENGLISH)  = null
@@ -5021,7 +5021,7 @@ public static String lowerCase(String str) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to lower case, may be null
      * @param locale  the locale that defines the case transformation rules, must not be null
-     * @return the lower cased String, null if null String input
+     * @return the lower cased String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static String lowerCase(String str, Locale locale) {
@@ -5036,7 +5036,7 @@ public static String lowerCase(String str, Locale locale) {
      * per {@link Character#toTitleCase(char)}. No other letters are changed.
    
      *
      * 
    For a word based algorithm, see {@link org.apache.commons.lang3.text.WordUtils#capitalize(String)}.
-     * A null input String returns null.
    
+     * A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.capitalize(null)  = null
@@ -5046,7 +5046,7 @@ public static String lowerCase(String str, Locale locale) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs the String to capitalize, may be null
-     * @return the capitalized String, null if null String input
+     * @return the capitalized String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @see org.apache.commons.lang3.text.WordUtils#capitalize(String)
      * @see #uncapitalize(CharSequence)
      * @since 2.0
@@ -5071,7 +5071,7 @@ public static String capitalize(CharSequence cs) {
      * per {@link Character#toLowerCase(char)}. No other letters are changed.
    
      *
      * 
    For a word based algorithm, see {@link org.apache.commons.lang3.text.WordUtils#uncapitalize(String)}.
-     * A null input String returns null.
    
+     * A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.uncapitalize(null)  = null
@@ -5081,7 +5081,7 @@ public static String capitalize(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs the String to uncapitalize, may be null
-     * @return the uncapitalized String, null if null String input
+     * @return the uncapitalized String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @see org.apache.commons.lang3.text.WordUtils#uncapitalize(String)
      * @see #capitalize(CharSequence)
      * @since 2.0
@@ -5112,7 +5112,7 @@ public static String uncapitalize(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
      *
      * 
    For a word based algorithm, see {@link org.apache.commons.lang3.text.WordUtils#swapCase(String)}.
-     * A null input String returns null.
    
+     * A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.swapCase(null)                 = null
@@ -5126,7 +5126,7 @@ public static String uncapitalize(CharSequence cs) {
      * That functionality is available in org.apache.commons.lang3.text.WordUtils.
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to swap case, may be null
-     * @return the changed String, null if null String input
+     * @return the changed String, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String swapCase(String str) {
         int strLen;
@@ -5155,7 +5155,7 @@ public static String swapCase(String str) {
     /**
      * 
    Counts how many times the substring appears in the larger String.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null or empty ("") String input returns 0.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} or empty ("") String input returns {@code 0}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.countMatches(null, *)       = 0
@@ -5169,7 +5169,7 @@ public static String swapCase(String str) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param sub  the substring to count, may be null
-     * @return the number of occurrences, 0 if either String is null
+     * @return the number of occurrences, 0 if either String is {@code null}
      */
     public static int countMatches(String str, String sub) {
         if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(sub)) {
@@ -5189,8 +5189,8 @@ public static int countMatches(String str, String sub) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only unicode letters.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return false.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isAlpha(null)   = false
@@ -5202,7 +5202,7 @@ public static int countMatches(String str, String sub) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains letters, and is non-null
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains letters, and is non-null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isAlpha(String) to isAlpha(CharSequence)
      * @since 3.0 Changed "" to return false and not true
      */
@@ -5223,8 +5223,8 @@ public static boolean isAlpha(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only unicode letters and
      * space (' ').
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return true.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code true}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isAlphaSpace(null)   = false
@@ -5237,7 +5237,7 @@ public static boolean isAlpha(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains letters and space,
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains letters and space,
      *  and is non-null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isAlphaSpace(String) to isAlphaSpace(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -5257,8 +5257,8 @@ public static boolean isAlphaSpace(CharSequence cs) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only unicode letters or digits.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return false.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isAlphanumeric(null)   = false
@@ -5271,7 +5271,7 @@ public static boolean isAlphaSpace(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains letters or digits,
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains letters or digits,
      *  and is non-null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isAlphanumeric(String) to isAlphanumeric(CharSequence)
      * @since 3.0 Changed "" to return false and not true
@@ -5291,10 +5291,10 @@ public static boolean isAlphanumeric(CharSequence cs) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only unicode letters, digits
-     * or space (' ').
    
+     * or space ({@code ' '}).
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return true.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code true}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isAlphanumericSpace(null)   = false
@@ -5307,7 +5307,7 @@ public static boolean isAlphanumeric(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains letters, digits or space,
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains letters, digits or space,
      *  and is non-null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isAlphanumericSpace(String) to isAlphanumericSpace(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -5327,8 +5327,8 @@ public static boolean isAlphanumericSpace(CharSequence cs) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only ASCII printable characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return true.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code true}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isAsciiPrintable(null)     = false
@@ -5345,7 +5345,7 @@ public static boolean isAlphanumericSpace(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if every character is in the range
+     * @return {@code true} if every character is in the range
      *  32 thru 126
      * @since 2.1
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isAsciiPrintable(String) to isAsciiPrintable(CharSequence)
@@ -5367,8 +5367,8 @@ public static boolean isAsciiPrintable(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only unicode digits.
      * A decimal point is not a unicode digit and returns false.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return false.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isNumeric(null)   = false
@@ -5382,7 +5382,7 @@ public static boolean isAsciiPrintable(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains digits, and is non-null
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains digits, and is non-null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isNumeric(String) to isNumeric(CharSequence)
      * @since 3.0 Changed "" to return false and not true
      */
@@ -5401,11 +5401,11 @@ public static boolean isNumeric(CharSequence cs) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only unicode digits or space
-     * (' ').
+     * ({@code ' '}).
      * A decimal point is not a unicode digit and returns false.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return true.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code true}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isNumericSpace(null)   = false
@@ -5419,7 +5419,7 @@ public static boolean isNumeric(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains digits or space,
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains digits or space,
      *  and is non-null
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isNumericSpace(String) to isNumericSpace(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -5439,8 +5439,8 @@ public static boolean isNumericSpace(CharSequence cs) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only whitespace.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return true.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code true}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isWhitespace(null)   = false
@@ -5452,7 +5452,7 @@ public static boolean isNumericSpace(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains whitespace, and is non-null
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains whitespace, and is non-null
      * @since 2.0
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isWhitespace(String) to isWhitespace(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -5472,8 +5472,8 @@ public static boolean isWhitespace(CharSequence cs) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only lowercase characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return false.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isAllLowerCase(null)   = false
@@ -5484,7 +5484,7 @@ public static boolean isWhitespace(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains lowercase characters, and is non-null
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains lowercase characters, and is non-null
      * @since 2.5
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isAllLowerCase(String) to isAllLowerCase(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -5504,8 +5504,8 @@ public static boolean isAllLowerCase(CharSequence cs) {
     /**
      * 
    Checks if the CharSequence contains only uppercase characters.
    
      *
-     * 
    null will return false.
-     * An empty String (length()=0) will return false.
    
+     * 
    {@code null} will return {@code false}.
+     * An empty String (length()=0) will return {@code false}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.isAllUpperCase(null)   = false
@@ -5516,7 +5516,7 @@ public static boolean isAllLowerCase(CharSequence cs) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
-     * @return true if only contains uppercase characters, and is non-null
+     * @return {@code true} if only contains uppercase characters, and is non-null
      * @since 2.5
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isAllUpperCase(String) to isAllUpperCase(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -5537,7 +5537,7 @@ public static boolean isAllUpperCase(CharSequence cs) {
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * 
    Returns either the passed in String,
-     * or if the String is null, an empty String ("").
    
+     * or if the String is {@code null}, an empty String ("").
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.defaultString(null)  = ""
@@ -5549,7 +5549,7 @@ public static boolean isAllUpperCase(CharSequence cs) {
      * @see String#valueOf(Object)
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @return the passed in String, or the empty String if it
-     *  was null
+     *  was {@code null}
      */
     public static String defaultString(String str) {
         return str == null ? EMPTY : str;
@@ -5557,7 +5557,7 @@ public static String defaultString(String str) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Returns either the passed in String, or if the String is
-     * null, the value of defaultStr.
    
+     * {@code null}, the value of {@code defaultStr}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.defaultString(null, "NULL")  = "NULL"
@@ -5569,8 +5569,8 @@ public static String defaultString(String str) {
      * @see String#valueOf(Object)
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param defaultStr  the default String to return
-     *  if the input is null, may be null
-     * @return the passed in String, or the default if it was null
+     *  if the input is {@code null}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in String, or the default if it was {@code null}
      */
     public static String defaultString(String str, String defaultStr) {
         return str == null ? defaultStr : str;
@@ -5578,7 +5578,7 @@ public static String defaultString(String str, String defaultStr) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Returns either the passed in CharSequence, or if the CharSequence is
-     * whitespace, empty ("") or null, the value of defaultStr.
    
+     * whitespace, empty ("") or {@code null}, the value of {@code defaultStr}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(null, "NULL")  = "NULL"
@@ -5590,7 +5590,7 @@ public static String defaultString(String str, String defaultStr) {
      * @param  the specific kind of CharSequence
      * @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
      * @param defaultStr  the default CharSequence to return
-     *  if the input is whitespace, empty ("") or null, may be null
+     *  if the input is whitespace, empty ("") or {@code null}, may be null
      * @return the passed in CharSequence, or the default
      * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String, String)
      */
@@ -5600,7 +5600,7 @@ public static  T defaultIfBlank(T str, T defaultStr) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Returns either the passed in CharSequence, or if the CharSequence is
-     * empty or null, the value of defaultStr.
    
+     * empty or {@code null}, the value of {@code defaultStr}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.defaultIfEmpty(null, "NULL")  = "NULL"
@@ -5611,7 +5611,7 @@ public static  T defaultIfBlank(T str, T defaultStr) {
      * @param  the specific kind of CharSequence
      * @param str  the CharSequence to check, may be null
      * @param defaultStr  the default CharSequence to return
-     *  if the input is empty ("") or null, may be null
+     *  if the input is empty ("") or {@code null}, may be null
      * @return the passed in CharSequence, or the default
      * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String, String)
      */
@@ -5624,7 +5624,7 @@ public static  T defaultIfEmpty(T str, T defaultStr) {
     /**
      * 
    Reverses a String as per {@link StringBuilder#reverse()}.
    
      *
-     * 
    A null String returns null.
    
+     * 
    A {@code null} String returns {@code null}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.reverse(null)  = null
@@ -5633,7 +5633,7 @@ public static  T defaultIfEmpty(T str, T defaultStr) {
      * 
    
      *
      * @param str  the String to reverse, may be null
-     * @return the reversed String, null if null String input
+     * @return the reversed String, {@code null} if null String input
      */
     public static String reverse(String str) {
         if (str == null) {
@@ -5647,7 +5647,7 @@ public static String reverse(String str) {
      *
      * 
    The Strings between the delimiters are not reversed.
      * Thus java.lang.String becomes String.lang.java (if the delimiter
-     * is '.').
    
+     * is {@code '.'}).
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.reverseDelimited(null, *)      = null
@@ -5658,7 +5658,7 @@ public static String reverse(String str) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to reverse, may be null
      * @param separatorChar  the separator character to use
-     * @return the reversed String, null if null String input
+     * @return the reversed String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String reverseDelimited(String str, char separatorChar) {
@@ -5680,13 +5680,13 @@ public static String reverseDelimited(String str, char separatorChar) {
      *
      * 
    Specifically:
      * 
      
-     *   
    • If str is less than maxWidth characters
+     *   
    • If {@code str} is less than {@code maxWidth} characters
      *       long, return it.
      • 
-     *   
    • Else abbreviate it to (substring(str, 0, max-3) + "...").
      • 
-     *   
    • If maxWidth is less than 4, throw an
-     *       IllegalArgumentException.
      • 
+     *   
    • Else abbreviate it to {@code (substring(str, 0, max-3) + "...")}.
      • 
+     *   
    • If {@code maxWidth} is less than {@code 4}, throw an
+     *       {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
      • 
      *   
    • In no case will it return a String of length greater than
-     *       maxWidth.
      • 
+     *       {@code maxWidth}.
      * 
    
      * 
    
      *
@@ -5702,7 +5702,7 @@ public static String reverseDelimited(String str, char separatorChar) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param maxWidth  maximum length of result String, must be at least 4
-     * @return abbreviated String, null if null String input
+     * @return abbreviated String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is too small
      * @since 2.0
      */
@@ -5714,13 +5714,13 @@ public static String abbreviate(String str, int maxWidth) {
      * 
    Abbreviates a String using ellipses. This will turn
      * "Now is the time for all good men" into "...is the time for..."
    
      *
-     * 
    Works like abbreviate(String, int), but allows you to specify
+     * 
    Works like {@code abbreviate(String, int)}, but allows you to specify
      * a "left edge" offset.  Note that this left edge is not necessarily going to
      * be the leftmost character in the result, or the first character following the
      * ellipses, but it will appear somewhere in the result.
      *
      * 
    In no case will it return a String of length greater than
-     * maxWidth.
    
+     * {@code maxWidth}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.abbreviate(null, *, *)                = null
@@ -5741,7 +5741,7 @@ public static String abbreviate(String str, int maxWidth) {
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param offset  left edge of source String
      * @param maxWidth  maximum length of result String, must be at least 4
-     * @return abbreviated String, null if null String input
+     * @return abbreviated String, {@code null} if null String input
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is too small
      * @since 2.0
      */
@@ -5799,7 +5799,7 @@ public static String abbreviate(String str, int offset, int maxWidth) {
      *
      * @param str  the String to abbreviate, may be null
      * @param middle the String to replace the middle characters with, may be null
-     * @param length the length to abbreviate str to.
+     * @param length the length to abbreviate {@code str} to.
      * @return the abbreviated String if the above criteria is met, or the original String supplied for abbreviation.
      * @since 2.5
      */
@@ -5832,7 +5832,7 @@ public static String abbreviateMiddle(String str, String middle, int length) {
      * starting from where it's different from the first.)
    
      *
      * 
    For example,
-     * difference("i am a machine", "i am a robot") -> "robot".
    
+     * {@code difference("i am a machine", "i am a robot") -> "robot"}.
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.difference(null, null) = null
@@ -5870,7 +5870,7 @@ public static String difference(String str1, String str2) {
      * CharSequences begin to differ.
    
      *
      * 
    For example,
-     * indexOfDifference("i am a machine", "i am a robot") -> 7
    
+     * {@code indexOfDifference("i am a machine", "i am a robot") -> 7}
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOfDifference(null, null) = -1
@@ -5913,7 +5913,7 @@ public static int indexOfDifference(CharSequence cs1, CharSequence cs2) {
      * CharSequences begin to differ.
    
      *
      * 
    For example,
-     * indexOfDifference(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) -> 7
    
+     * {@code indexOfDifference(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) -> 7}
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.indexOfDifference(null) = -1
@@ -6003,7 +6003,7 @@ public static int indexOfDifference(CharSequence... css) {
      * characters that is common to all of them.
    
      *
      * 
    For example,
-     * getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) -> "i am a "
    
+     * {@code getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) -> "i am a "}
    
      *
      * 
          * StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(null) = ""
@@ -6085,7 +6085,7 @@ public static String getCommonPrefix(String... strs) {
      * @param s  the first String, must not be null
      * @param t  the second String, must not be null
      * @return result distance
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either String input null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either String input {@code null}
      * @since 3.0 Changed signature from getLevenshteinDistance(String, String) to getLevenshteinDistance(CharSequence, CharSequence)
      */
     public static int getLevenshteinDistance(CharSequence s, CharSequence t) {
@@ -6171,7 +6171,7 @@ allows us to retain the previous cost counts as required by the algorithm (takin
     /**
      * 
    Check if a String starts with a specified prefix.
    
      *
-     * 
    nulls are handled without exceptions. Two null
+     * 
    {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null}
      * references are considered to be equal. The comparison is case sensitive.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -6185,8 +6185,8 @@ allows us to retain the previous cost counts as required by the algorithm (takin
      * @see java.lang.String#startsWith(String)
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param prefix the prefix to find, may be null
-     * @return true if the String starts with the prefix, case sensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String starts with the prefix, case sensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static boolean startsWith(String str, String prefix) {
@@ -6196,7 +6196,7 @@ public static boolean startsWith(String str, String prefix) {
     /**
      * 
    Case insensitive check if a String starts with a specified prefix.
    
      *
-     * 
    nulls are handled without exceptions. Two null
+     * 
    {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null}
      * references are considered to be equal. The comparison is case insensitive.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -6210,8 +6210,8 @@ public static boolean startsWith(String str, String prefix) {
      * @see java.lang.String#startsWith(String)
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param prefix the prefix to find, may be null
-     * @return true if the String starts with the prefix, case insensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String starts with the prefix, case insensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String str, String prefix) {
@@ -6226,8 +6226,8 @@ public static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String str, String prefix) {
      * @param prefix the prefix to find, may be null
      * @param ignoreCase inidicates whether the compare should ignore case
      *  (case insensitive) or not.
-     * @return true if the String starts with the prefix or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String starts with the prefix or
+     *  both {@code null}
      */
     private static boolean startsWith(String str, String prefix, boolean ignoreCase) {
         if (str == null || prefix == null) {
@@ -6253,8 +6253,8 @@ private static boolean startsWith(String str, String prefix, boolean ignoreCase)
      *
      * @param string  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStrings the Strings to find, may be null or empty
-     * @return true if the String starts with any of the the prefixes, case insensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String starts with any of the the prefixes, case insensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static boolean startsWithAny(String string, String... searchStrings) {
@@ -6276,7 +6276,7 @@ public static boolean startsWithAny(String string, String... searchStrings) {
     /**
      * 
    Check if a String ends with a specified suffix.
    
      *
-     * 
    nulls are handled without exceptions. Two null
+     * 
    {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null}
      * references are considered to be equal. The comparison is case sensitive.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -6291,8 +6291,8 @@ public static boolean startsWithAny(String string, String... searchStrings) {
      * @see java.lang.String#endsWith(String)
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param suffix the suffix to find, may be null
-     * @return true if the String ends with the suffix, case sensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String ends with the suffix, case sensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static boolean endsWith(String str, String suffix) {
@@ -6302,7 +6302,7 @@ public static boolean endsWith(String str, String suffix) {
     /**
      * 
    Case insensitive check if a String ends with a specified suffix.
    
      *
-     * 
    nulls are handled without exceptions. Two null
+     * 
    {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null}
      * references are considered to be equal. The comparison is case insensitive.
    
      *
      * 
    @@ -6317,8 +6317,8 @@ public static boolean endsWith(String str, String suffix) {
      * @see java.lang.String#endsWith(String)
      * @param str  the String to check, may be null
      * @param suffix the suffix to find, may be null
-     * @return true if the String ends with the suffix, case insensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String ends with the suffix, case insensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(String str, String suffix) {
@@ -6333,8 +6333,8 @@ public static boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(String str, String suffix) {
      * @param suffix the suffix to find, may be null
      * @param ignoreCase inidicates whether the compare should ignore case
      *  (case insensitive) or not.
-     * @return true if the String starts with the prefix or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String starts with the prefix or
+     *  both {@code null}
      */
     private static boolean endsWith(String str, String suffix, boolean ignoreCase) {
         if (str == null || suffix == null) {
@@ -6355,7 +6355,7 @@ private static boolean endsWith(String str, String suffix, boolean ignoreCase) {
      * 
    
      * 
    
      * The function returns the argument string with whitespace normalized by using
-     * {@link #trim(String)} to remove leading and trailing whitespace
+     * {@code {@link #trim(String)}} to remove leading and trailing whitespace
      * and then replacing sequences of whitespace characters by a single space.
      * 
    
      * In XML Whitespace characters are the same as those allowed by the 
      * 
    
      * The difference is that Java's whitespace includes vertical tab and form feed, which this functional will also
-     * normalize. Additonally {@link #trim(String)} removes control characters (char <= 32) from both
+     * normalize. Additonally {@code {@link #trim(String)}} removes control characters (char <= 32) from both
      * ends of this String.
      * 
    
      *
@@ -6384,7 +6384,7 @@ private static boolean endsWith(String str, String suffix, boolean ignoreCase) {
      * @see     http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/#function-normalize-space
      * @param str the source String to normalize whitespaces from, may be null
-     * @return the modified string with whitespace normalized, null if null String input
+     * @return the modified string with whitespace normalized, {@code null} if null String input
      *
      * @since 3.0
      */
@@ -6409,8 +6409,8 @@ public static String normalizeSpace(String str) {
      *
      * @param string  the String to check, may be null
      * @param searchStrings the Strings to find, may be null or empty
-     * @return true if the String ends with any of the the prefixes, case insensitive, or
-     *  both null
+     * @return {@code true} if the String ends with any of the the prefixes, case insensitive, or
+     *  both {@code null}
      * @since 3.1
      */
     public static boolean endsWithAny(String string, String... searchStrings) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtils.java
index 2339abc7d..6984a4678 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtils.java
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 
 /**
  * 
    
- * Helpers for java.lang.System.
+ * Helpers for {@code java.lang.System}.
  * 
    
  * 
  * 
    
- * If a system property cannot be read due to security restrictions, the corresponding field in this class will be set to null
- * and a message will be written to System.err.
+ * If a system property cannot be read due to security restrictions, the corresponding field in this class will be set to {@code null}
+ * and a message will be written to {@code System.err}.
  * 
    
  * 
  * 
    
@@ -77,17 +77,17 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The awt.toolkit System Property.
+     * The {@code awt.toolkit} System Property.
      * 
    
      * 
    
-     * Holds a class name, on Windows XP this is sun.awt.windows.WToolkit.
+     * Holds a class name, on Windows XP this is {@code sun.awt.windows.WToolkit}.
      * 
    
      * 
    
-     * On platforms without a GUI, this value is null.
+     * On platforms without a GUI, this value is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The file.encoding System Property.
+     * The {@code file.encoding} System Property.
      * 
    
      * 
    
-     * File encoding, such as Cp1252.
+     * File encoding, such as {@code Cp1252}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The file.separator System Property. File separator ("/" on UNIX).
+     * The {@code file.separator} System Property. File separator ("/" on UNIX).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.awt.fonts System Property.
+     * The {@code java.awt.fonts} System Property.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.awt.graphicsenv System Property.
+     * The {@code java.awt.graphicsenv} System Property.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -182,12 +182,12 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.awt.headless System Property. The value of this property is the String "true" or
-     * "false".
+     * The {@code java.awt.headless} System Property. The value of this property is the String {@code "true"} or
+     * {@code "false"}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -204,11 +204,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.awt.printerjob System Property.
+     * The {@code java.awt.printerjob} System Property.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -223,11 +223,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.class.path System Property. Java class path.
+     * The {@code java.class.path} System Property. Java class path.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -242,11 +242,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.class.version System Property. Java class format version number.
+     * The {@code java.class.version} System Property. Java class format version number.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -261,12 +261,12 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.compiler System Property. Name of JIT compiler to use. First in JDK version 1.2. Not used in Sun JDKs after
+     * The {@code java.compiler} System Property. Name of JIT compiler to use. First in JDK version 1.2. Not used in Sun JDKs after
      * 1.2.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -281,11 +281,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.endorsed.dirs System Property. Path of endorsed directory or directories.
+     * The {@code java.endorsed.dirs} System Property. Path of endorsed directory or directories.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -300,11 +300,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.ext.dirs System Property. Path of extension directory or directories.
+     * The {@code java.ext.dirs} System Property. Path of extension directory or directories.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -319,11 +319,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.home System Property. Java installation directory.
+     * The {@code java.home} System Property. Java installation directory.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -338,11 +338,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.io.tmpdir System Property. Default temp file path.
+     * The {@code java.io.tmpdir} System Property. Default temp file path.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -357,11 +357,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.library.path System Property. List of paths to search when loading libraries.
+     * The {@code java.library.path} System Property. List of paths to search when loading libraries.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -376,11 +376,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.runtime.name System Property. Java Runtime Environment name.
+     * The {@code java.runtime.name} System Property. Java Runtime Environment name.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -396,11 +396,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.runtime.version System Property. Java Runtime Environment version.
+     * The {@code java.runtime.version} System Property. Java Runtime Environment version.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -416,11 +416,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.specification.name System Property. Java Runtime Environment specification name.
+     * The {@code java.specification.name} System Property. Java Runtime Environment specification name.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -435,11 +435,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.specification.vendor System Property. Java Runtime Environment specification vendor.
+     * The {@code java.specification.vendor} System Property. Java Runtime Environment specification vendor.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -454,11 +454,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.specification.version System Property. Java Runtime Environment specification version.
+     * The {@code java.specification.version} System Property. Java Runtime Environment specification version.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -474,11 +474,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.util.prefs.PreferencesFactory System Property. A class name.
+     * The {@code java.util.prefs.PreferencesFactory} System Property. A class name.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -494,11 +494,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vendor System Property. Java vendor-specific string.
+     * The {@code java.vendor} System Property. Java vendor-specific string.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -513,11 +513,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vendor.url System Property. Java vendor URL.
+     * The {@code java.vendor.url} System Property. Java vendor URL.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -532,11 +532,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.version System Property. Java version number.
+     * The {@code java.version} System Property. Java version number.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -551,11 +551,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vm.info System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation info.
+     * The {@code java.vm.info} System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation info.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -571,11 +571,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vm.name System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation name.
+     * The {@code java.vm.name} System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation name.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -590,11 +590,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vm.specification.name System Property. Java Virtual Machine specification name.
+     * The {@code java.vm.specification.name} System Property. Java Virtual Machine specification name.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -609,11 +609,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vm.specification.vendor System Property. Java Virtual Machine specification vendor.
+     * The {@code java.vm.specification.vendor} System Property. Java Virtual Machine specification vendor.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -628,11 +628,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vm.specification.version System Property. Java Virtual Machine specification version.
+     * The {@code java.vm.specification.version} System Property. Java Virtual Machine specification version.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -647,11 +647,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vm.vendor System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation vendor.
+     * The {@code java.vm.vendor} System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation vendor.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -666,11 +666,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The java.vm.version System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation version.
+     * The {@code java.vm.version} System Property. Java Virtual Machine implementation version.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -685,11 +685,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The line.separator System Property. Line separator ("\n" on UNIX).
+     * The {@code line.separator} System Property. Line separator ("\n" on UNIX).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -704,11 +704,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The os.arch System Property. Operating system architecture.
+     * The {@code os.arch} System Property. Operating system architecture.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -723,11 +723,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The os.name System Property. Operating system name.
+     * The {@code os.name} System Property. Operating system name.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -742,11 +742,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The os.version System Property. Operating system version.
+     * The {@code os.version} System Property. Operating system version.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -761,11 +761,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The path.separator System Property. Path separator (":" on UNIX).
+     * The {@code path.separator} System Property. Path separator (":" on UNIX).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -780,12 +780,12 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The user.country or user.region System Property. User's country code, such as GB. First in
-     * Java version 1.2 as user.region. Renamed to user.country in 1.4
+     * The {@code user.country} or {@code user.region} System Property. User's country code, such as {@code GB}. First in
+     * Java version 1.2 as {@code user.region}. Renamed to {@code user.country} in 1.4
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -802,11 +802,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The user.dir System Property. User's current working directory.
+     * The {@code user.dir} System Property. User's current working directory.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -821,11 +821,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The user.home System Property. User's home directory.
+     * The {@code user.home} System Property. User's home directory.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -840,11 +840,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The user.language System Property. User's language code, such as "en".
+     * The {@code user.language} System Property. User's language code, such as {@code "en"}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -860,11 +860,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The user.name System Property. User's account name.
+     * The {@code user.name} System Property. User's account name.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -879,11 +879,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * The user.timezone System Property. For example: "America/Los_Angeles".
+     * The {@code user.timezone} System Property. For example: {@code "America/Los_Angeles"}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * Defaults to null if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
+     * Defaults to {@code null} if the runtime does not have security access to read this property or the property does not exist.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
@@ -903,77 +903,77 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Java version 1.1 (also 1.1.x versions).
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Java version 1.1 (also 1.1.x versions).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      */
     public static final boolean IS_JAVA_1_1 = getJavaVersionMatches("1.1");
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Java version 1.2 (also 1.2.x versions).
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Java version 1.2 (also 1.2.x versions).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      */
     public static final boolean IS_JAVA_1_2 = getJavaVersionMatches("1.2");
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Java version 1.3 (also 1.3.x versions).
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Java version 1.3 (also 1.3.x versions).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      */
     public static final boolean IS_JAVA_1_3 = getJavaVersionMatches("1.3");
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Java version 1.4 (also 1.4.x versions).
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Java version 1.4 (also 1.4.x versions).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      */
     public static final boolean IS_JAVA_1_4 = getJavaVersionMatches("1.4");
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Java version 1.5 (also 1.5.x versions).
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Java version 1.5 (also 1.5.x versions).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      */
     public static final boolean IS_JAVA_1_5 = getJavaVersionMatches("1.5");
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Java version 1.6 (also 1.6.x versions).
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Java version 1.6 (also 1.6.x versions).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      */
     public static final boolean IS_JAVA_1_6 = getJavaVersionMatches("1.6");
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Java version 1.7 (also 1.7.x versions).
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Java version 1.7 (also 1.7.x versions).
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@link #JAVA_VERSION} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 3.0
@@ -990,11 +990,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is AIX.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is AIX.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1003,11 +1003,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is HP-UX.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is HP-UX.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1016,11 +1016,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Irix.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Irix.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1029,11 +1029,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Linux.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Linux.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1042,11 +1042,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Mac.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Mac.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1055,11 +1055,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Mac.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Mac.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1068,11 +1068,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is OS/2.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is OS/2.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1081,11 +1081,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Solaris.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Solaris.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1094,11 +1094,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is SunOS.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is SunOS.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1107,11 +1107,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is a UNIX like system, as in any of AIX, HP-UX, Irix, Linux, MacOSX, Solaris or SUN OS.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is a UNIX like system, as in any of AIX, HP-UX, Irix, Linux, MacOSX, Solaris or SUN OS.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.1
@@ -1121,11 +1121,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1134,11 +1134,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows 2000.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows 2000.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1147,11 +1147,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows 95.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows 95.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1161,11 +1161,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows 98.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows 98.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1175,11 +1175,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows ME.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows ME.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1189,11 +1189,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows NT.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows NT.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1203,11 +1203,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows XP.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows XP.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.0
@@ -1217,11 +1217,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows Vista.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows Vista.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 2.4
@@ -1230,11 +1230,11 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Is true if this is Windows 7.
+     * Is {@code true} if this is Windows 7.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * The field will return false if OS_NAME is null.
+     * The field will return {@code false} if {@code OS_NAME} is {@code null}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @since 3.0
@@ -1243,12 +1243,12 @@ public class SystemUtils {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Gets the Java home directory as a File.
+     * Gets the Java home directory as a {@code File}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @return a directory
      * @throws SecurityException
-     *             if a security manager exists and its checkPropertyAccess method doesn't allow access to the specified system
+     *             if a security manager exists and its {@code checkPropertyAccess} method doesn't allow access to the specified system
      *             property.
      * @see System#getProperty(String)
      * @since 2.1
@@ -1259,12 +1259,12 @@ public static File getJavaHome() {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Gets the Java IO temporary directory as a File.
+     * Gets the Java IO temporary directory as a {@code File}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @return a directory
      * @throws SecurityException
-     *             if a security manager exists and its checkPropertyAccess method doesn't allow access to the specified system
+     *             if a security manager exists and its {@code checkPropertyAccess} method doesn't allow access to the specified system
      *             property.
      * @see System#getProperty(String)
      * @since 2.1
@@ -1313,17 +1313,17 @@ private static boolean getOSMatchesName(String osNamePrefix) {
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Gets a System property, defaulting to null if the property cannot be read.
+     * Gets a System property, defaulting to {@code null} if the property cannot be read.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
-     * If a SecurityException is caught, the return value is null and a message is written to
-     * System.err.
+     * If a {@code SecurityException} is caught, the return value is {@code null} and a message is written to
+     * {@code System.err}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @param property
      *            the system property name
-     * @return the system property value or null if a security problem occurs
+     * @return the system property value or {@code null} if a security problem occurs
      */
     private static String getSystemProperty(String property) {
         try {
@@ -1338,12 +1338,12 @@ private static String getSystemProperty(String property) {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Gets the user directory as a File.
+     * Gets the user directory as a {@code File}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @return a directory
      * @throws SecurityException
-     *             if a security manager exists and its checkPropertyAccess method doesn't allow access to the specified system
+     *             if a security manager exists and its {@code checkPropertyAccess} method doesn't allow access to the specified system
      *             property.
      * @see System#getProperty(String)
      * @since 2.1
@@ -1354,12 +1354,12 @@ public static File getUserDir() {
 
     /**
      * 
    
-     * Gets the user home directory as a File.
+     * Gets the user home directory as a {@code File}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * @return a directory
      * @throws SecurityException
-     *             if a security manager exists and its checkPropertyAccess method doesn't allow access to the specified system
+     *             if a security manager exists and its {@code checkPropertyAccess} method doesn't allow access to the specified system
      *             property.
      * @see System#getProperty(String)
      * @since 2.1
@@ -1369,9 +1369,9 @@ public static File getUserHome() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether the {@link #JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS} value is true.
+     * Returns whether the {@link #JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS} value is {@code true}.
      * 
-     * @return true if JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS is "true", false otherwise.
+     * @return {@code true} if {@code JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS} is {@code "true"}, {@code false} otherwise.
      * 
      * @see #JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS
      * @since 2.1
@@ -1390,13 +1390,13 @@ public static boolean isJavaAwtHeadless() {
      * Example input:
      * 
    
      * 
      
-     * 
    • 1.2f to test for Java 1.2
      • 
-     * 
    • 1.31f to test for Java 1.3.1
      • 
+     * 
    • {@code 1.2f} to test for Java 1.2
      • 
+     * 
    • {@code 1.31f} to test for Java 1.3.1
      • 
      * 
    
      * 
      * @param requiredVersion
      *            the required version, for example 1.31f
-     * @return true if the actual version is equal or greater than the required version
+     * @return {@code true} if the actual version is equal or greater than the required version
      */
     public static boolean isJavaVersionAtLeast(JavaVersion requiredVersion) {
         return JAVA_SPECIFICATION_VERSION_AS_ENUM.atLeast(requiredVersion);
@@ -1469,7 +1469,7 @@ static boolean isOSNameMatch(String osName, String osNamePrefix) {
     /**
      * 
    
      * SystemUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as
-     * SystemUtils.FILE_SEPARATOR.
+     * {@code SystemUtils.FILE_SEPARATOR}.
      * 
    
      * 
      * 
    
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Validate.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Validate.java
index 26a11eca4..f546a74dd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Validate.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Validate.java
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
  * 
    This class assists in validating arguments. The validation methods are 
  * based along the following principles: 
  * 
      
- *   
    • An invalid null argument causes a {@link NullPointerException}.
      • 
- *   
    • A non-null argument causes an {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
      • 
+ *   
    • An invalid {@code null} argument causes a {@link NullPointerException}.
      • 
+ *   
    • A non-{@code null} argument causes an {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
      • 
  *   
    • An invalid index into an array/collection/map/string causes an {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException}.
      •  
  * 
    
  *  
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public Validate() {
     //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is true; otherwise 
+     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is {@code true}; otherwise 
      * throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when
      * validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a 
      * primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.
    
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public Validate() {
      * @param expression  the boolean expression to check
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param value  the value to append to the message when invalid
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is false
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is {@code false}
      * @see #isTrue(boolean)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, double)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, Object...)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, long value) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is true; otherwise 
+     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is {@code true}; otherwise 
      * throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when
      * validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a 
      * primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.
    
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, long value) {
      * @param expression  the boolean expression to check 
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param value  the value to append to the message when invalid
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is false
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is {@code false}
      * @see #isTrue(boolean)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, long)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, Object...)
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, double value) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is true; otherwise 
+     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is {@code true}; otherwise 
      * throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when
      * validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a 
      * primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.
    
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, double value) {
      * @param expression  the boolean expression to check 
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is false
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is {@code false}
      * @see #isTrue(boolean)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, long)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, double)
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, Object... values)
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is true; otherwise 
+     * 
    Validate that the argument condition is {@code true}; otherwise 
      * throwing an exception. This method is useful when validating according 
      * to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a 
      * primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.
    
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, Object... values)
      * false".
    
      * 
      * @param expression  the boolean expression to check 
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is false
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expression is {@code false}
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, long)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, double)
      * @see #isTrue(boolean, String, Object...)
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression) {
     //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument is not null; 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument is not {@code null}; 
      * otherwise throwing an exception.
      *
      * 
    Validate.notNull(myObject, "The object must not be null");
    
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ public static void isTrue(boolean expression) {
      * 
      * @param  the object type
      * @param object  the object to check
-     * @return the validated object (never null for method chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the object is null
+     * @return the validated object (never {@code null} for method chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the object is {@code null}
      * @see #notNull(Object, String, Object...)
      */
     public static  T notNull(T object) {
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public static  T notNull(T object) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument is not null; 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument is not {@code null}; 
      * otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
      *
      * 
    Validate.notNull(myObject, "The object must not be null");
    
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ public static  T notNull(T object) {
      * @param object  the object to check
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message
-     * @return the validated object (never null for method chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the object is null
+     * @return the validated object (never {@code null} for method chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the object is {@code null}
      * @see #notNull(Object)
      */
     public static  T notNull(T object, String message, Object... values) {
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ public static  T notNull(T object, String message, Object... values) {
     //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither null 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither {@code null} 
      * nor a length of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception 
      * with the specified message.
      *
@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ public static  T notNull(T object, String message, Object... values) {
      * @param array  the array to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated array (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
+     * @return the validated array (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the array is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(Object[])
      */
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public static  T[] notEmpty(T[] array, String message, Object... values) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither null 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither {@code null} 
      * nor a length of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception. 
      *
      * 
    Validate.notEmpty(myArray);
    
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ public static  T[] notEmpty(T[] array, String message, Object... values) {
      * 
      * @param  the array type
      * @param array  the array to check, validated not null by this method
-     * @return the validated array (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
+     * @return the validated array (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the array is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(Object[], String, Object...)
      */
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public static  T[] notEmpty(T[] array) {
     //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument collection is neither null 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument collection is neither {@code null} 
      * nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception 
      * with the specified message.
      *
@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ public static  T[] notEmpty(T[] array) {
      * @param collection  the collection to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated collection (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is null
+     * @return the validated collection (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the collection is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(Object[])
      */
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection, String message,
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument collection is neither null 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument collection is neither {@code null} 
      * nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception. 
      *
      * 
    Validate.notEmpty(myCollection);
    
@@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection, String message,
      * 
      * @param  the collection type
      * @param collection  the collection to check, validated not null by this method
-     * @return the validated collection (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is null
+     * @return the validated collection (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the collection is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(Collection, String, Object...)
      */
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection) {
     //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument map is neither null 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument map is neither {@code null} 
      * nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception 
      * with the specified message.
      *
@@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection) {
      * @param map  the map to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated map (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the map is null
+     * @return the validated map (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the map is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the map is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(Object[])
      */
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the specified argument map is neither null 
+     * 
    Validate that the specified argument map is neither {@code null} 
      * nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception. 
      *
      * 
    Validate.notEmpty(myMap);
    
@@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection) {
      * 
      * @param  the map type
      * @param map  the map to check, validated not null by this method
-     * @return the validated map (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the map is null
+     * @return the validated map (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the map is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the map is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(Map, String, Object...)
      */
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is 
-     * neither null nor a length of zero (no characters); 
+     * neither {@code null} nor a length of zero (no characters); 
      * otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
      *
      * 
    Validate.notEmpty(myString, "The string must not be empty");
    
@@ -382,8 +382,8 @@ public static > T notEmpty(T collection) {
      * @param chars  the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated character sequence (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is null
+     * @return the validated character sequence (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the character sequence is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ public static  T notEmpty(T chars, String message, Objec
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is 
-     * neither null nor a length of zero (no characters); 
+     * neither {@code null} nor a length of zero (no characters); 
      * otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
      *
      * 
    Validate.notEmpty(myString);
    
@@ -409,8 +409,8 @@ public static  T notEmpty(T chars, String message, Objec
      * 
      * @param  the character sequence type
      * @param chars  the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
-     * @return the validated character sequence (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is null
+     * @return the validated character sequence (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the character sequence is empty
      * @see #notEmpty(CharSequence, String, Object...)
      */
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ public static  T notEmpty(T chars) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is 
-     * neither null, a length of zero (no characters), empty
+     * neither {@code null}, a length of zero (no characters), empty
      * nor whitespace; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified 
      * message.
      *
@@ -433,8 +433,8 @@ public static  T notEmpty(T chars) {
      * @param chars  the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated character sequence (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is null
+     * @return the validated character sequence (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the character sequence is blank
      * @see #notBlank(CharSequence)
      */
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ public static  T notBlank(T chars, String message, Objec
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is 
-     * neither null, a length of zero (no characters), empty
+     * neither {@code null}, a length of zero (no characters), empty
      * nor whitespace; otherwise throwing an exception.
      *
      * 
    Validate.notBlank(myString);
    
@@ -460,8 +460,8 @@ public static  T notBlank(T chars, String message, Objec
      * 
      * @param  the character sequence type
      * @param chars  the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
-     * @return the validated character sequence (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is null
+     * @return the validated character sequence (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the character sequence is blank
      * @see #notBlank(CharSequence, String, Object...)
      */
@@ -474,25 +474,25 @@ public static  T notBlank(T chars) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither 
-     * null nor contains any elements that are null;
+     * {@code null} nor contains any elements that are {@code null};
      * otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
      *
      * 
    Validate.noNullElements(myArray, "The array contain null at position %d");
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the array is null, then the message in the exception 
+     * 
    If the array is {@code null}, then the message in the exception 
      * is "The validated object is null".
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the array has a null element, then the iteration 
-     * index of the invalid element is appended to the values 
+     * 
    If the array has a {@code null} element, then the iteration 
+     * index of the invalid element is appended to the {@code values} 
      * argument.
    
      * 
      * @param  the array type
      * @param array  the array to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated array (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is null
+     * @return the validated array (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is {@code null}
      * @see #noNullElements(Object[])
      */
     public static  T[] noNullElements(T[] array, String message, Object... values) {
@@ -508,23 +508,23 @@ public static  T[] noNullElements(T[] array, String message, Object... values
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither 
-     * null nor contains any elements that are null;
+     * {@code null} nor contains any elements that are {@code null};
      * otherwise throwing an exception.
      *
      * 
    Validate.noNullElements(myArray);
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the array is null, then the message in the exception 
+     * 
    If the array is {@code null}, then the message in the exception 
      * is "The validated object is null".
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the array has a null element, then the message in the
+     * 
    If the array has a {@code null} element, then the message in the
      * exception is "The validated array contains null element at index: 
      * " followed by the index.
    
      *
      * @param  the array type
      * @param array  the array to check, validated not null by this method
-     * @return the validated array (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is null
+     * @return the validated array (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is {@code null}
      * @see #noNullElements(Object[], String, Object...)
      */
     public static  T[] noNullElements(T[] array) {
@@ -536,25 +536,25 @@ public static  T[] noNullElements(T[] array) {
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument iterable is neither 
-     * null nor contains any elements that are null;
+     * {@code null} nor contains any elements that are {@code null};
      * otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
      *
      * 
    Validate.noNullElements(myCollection, "The collection contains null at position %d");
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the iterable is null, then the message in the exception 
+     * 
    If the iterable is {@code null}, then the message in the exception 
      * is "The validated object is null".
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the iterable has a null element, then the iteration 
-     * index of the invalid element is appended to the values 
+     * 
    If the iterable has a {@code null} element, then the iteration 
+     * index of the invalid element is appended to the {@code values} 
      * argument.
    
      *
      * @param  the iterable type
      * @param iterable  the iterable to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated iterable (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is null
+     * @return the validated iterable (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is {@code null}
      * @see #noNullElements(Iterable)
      */
     public static > T noNullElements(T iterable, String message, Object... values) {
@@ -571,23 +571,23 @@ public static > T noNullElements(T iterable, String messag
 
     /**
      * 
    Validate that the specified argument iterable is neither 
-     * null nor contains any elements that are null;
+     * {@code null} nor contains any elements that are {@code null};
      * otherwise throwing an exception.
      *
      * 
    Validate.noNullElements(myCollection);
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the iterable is null, then the message in the exception 
+     * 
    If the iterable is {@code null}, then the message in the exception 
      * is "The validated object is null".
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the array has a null element, then the message in the
+     * 
    If the array has a {@code null} element, then the message in the
      * exception is "The validated iterable contains null element at index: 
      * " followed by the index.
    
      *
      * @param  the iterable type
      * @param iterable  the iterable to check, validated not null by this method
-     * @return the validated iterable (never null method for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is null
+     * @return the validated iterable (never {@code null} method for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an element is {@code null}
      * @see #noNullElements(Iterable, String, Object...)
      */
     public static > T noNullElements(T iterable) {
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ public static > T noNullElements(T iterable) {
      *
      * 
    Validate.validIndex(myArray, 2, "The array index is invalid: ");
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the array is null, then the message of the exception 
+     * 
    If the array is {@code null}, then the message of the exception 
      * is "The validated object is null".
    
      * 
      * @param  the array type
@@ -611,8 +611,8 @@ public static > T noNullElements(T iterable) {
      * @param index  the index to check
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated array (never null for method chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
+     * @return the validated array (never {@code null} for method chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
      * @see #validIndex(Object[], int)
      */
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ public static  T[] validIndex(T[] array, int index, String message, Object...
      *
      * 
    Validate.validIndex(myArray, 2);
    
      *
-     * 
    If the array is null, then the message of the exception
+     * 
    If the array is {@code null}, then the message of the exception
      * is "The validated object is null".
    
      * 
      * 
    If the index is invalid, then the message of the exception is 
@@ -640,8 +640,8 @@ public static  T[] validIndex(T[] array, int index, String message, Object...
      * @param  the array type
      * @param array  the array to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param index  the index to check
-     * @return the validated array (never null for method chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is null
+     * @return the validated array (never {@code null} for method chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the array is {@code null}
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
      * @see #validIndex(Object[], int, String, Object...)
      */
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ public static  T[] validIndex(T[] array, int index) {
      *
      * 
    Validate.validIndex(myCollection, 2, "The collection index is invalid: ");
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the collection is null, then the message of the 
+     * 
    If the collection is {@code null}, then the message of the 
      * exception is "The validated object is null".
    
      *
      * @param  the collection type
@@ -666,8 +666,8 @@ public static  T[] validIndex(T[] array, int index) {
      * @param index  the index to check
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated collection (never null for chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is null
+     * @return the validated collection (never {@code null} for chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is {@code null}
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
      * @see #validIndex(Collection, int)
      */
@@ -692,8 +692,8 @@ public static > T validIndex(T collection, int index, St
      * @param  the collection type
      * @param collection  the collection to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param index  the index to check
-     * @return the validated collection (never null for method chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is null
+     * @return the validated collection (never {@code null} for method chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the collection is {@code null}
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
      * @see #validIndex(Collection, int, String, Object...)
      */
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ public static > T validIndex(T collection, int index) {
      *
      * 
    Validate.validIndex(myStr, 2, "The string index is invalid: ");
    
      * 
-     * 
    If the character sequence is null, then the message 
+     * 
    If the character sequence is {@code null}, then the message 
      * of the exception is "The validated object is null".
    
      *
      * @param  the character sequence type
@@ -719,8 +719,8 @@ public static > T validIndex(T collection, int index) {
      * @param index  the index to check
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @return the validated character sequence (never null for method chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is null
+     * @return the validated character sequence (never {@code null} for method chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is {@code null}
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
      * @see #validIndex(CharSequence, int)
      */
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ public static  T validIndex(T chars, int index, String m
      * 
      * 
    Validate.validIndex(myStr, 2);
    
      *
-     * 
    If the character sequence is null, then the message 
+     * 
    If the character sequence is {@code null}, then the message 
      * of the exception is "The validated object is 
      * null".
    
      * 
@@ -749,8 +749,8 @@ public static  T validIndex(T chars, int index, String m
      * @param  the character sequence type
      * @param chars  the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
      * @param index  the index to check
-     * @return the validated character sequence (never null for method chaining)
-     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is null
+     * @return the validated character sequence (never {@code null} for method chaining)
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the character sequence is {@code null}
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
      * @see #validIndex(CharSequence, int, String, Object...)
      */
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ public static  T validIndex(T chars, int index) {
     //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the stateful condition is true; otherwise 
+     * 
    Validate that the stateful condition is {@code true}; otherwise 
      * throwing an exception. This method is useful when validating according 
      * to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a 
      * primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.
    
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ public static  T validIndex(T chars, int index) {
      * false".
    
      * 
      * @param expression  the boolean expression to check 
-     * @throws IllegalStateException if expression is false
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if expression is {@code false}
      * @see #validState(boolean, String, Object...)
      */
     public static void validState(boolean expression) {
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ public static void validState(boolean expression) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 
    Validate that the stateful condition is true; otherwise 
+     * 
    Validate that the stateful condition is {@code true}; otherwise 
      * throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when
      * validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a 
      * primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.
    
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ public static void validState(boolean expression) {
      * @param expression  the boolean expression to check 
      * @param message  the {@link String#format(String, Object...)} exception message if invalid, not null
      * @param values  the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
-     * @throws IllegalStateException if expression is false
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if expression is {@code false}
      * @see #validState(boolean)
      */
     public static void validState(boolean expression, String message, Object... values) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Builder.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Builder.java
index f11e0f1e4..f5272399f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Builder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Builder.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
  * 
  * 
    
  * It is a recommended practice that the methods supplied to configure the 
- * object or result being built return a reference to this so that
+ * object or result being built return a reference to {@code this} so that
  * method calls can be chained together.
  * 
    
  *