Each Historical process maintains a constant connection to Zookeeper and watches a configurable set of Zookeeper paths for new segment information. Historical processes do not communicate directly with each other or with the Coordinator processes but instead rely on Zookeeper for coordination.
The [Coordinator](../design/coordinator.md) process is responsible for assigning new segments to Historical processes. Assignment is done by creating an ephemeral Zookeeper entry under a load queue path associated with a Historical process. For more information on how the Coordinator assigns segments to Historical processes, please see [Coordinator](../design/coordinator.md).
When a Historical process notices a new load queue entry in its load queue path, it will first check a local disk directory (cache) for the information about segment. If no information about the segment exists in the cache, the Historical process will download metadata about the new segment to serve from Zookeeper. This metadata includes specifications about where the segment is located in deep storage and about how to decompress and process the segment. For more information about segment metadata and Druid segments in general, please see [Segments](../design/segments.md). Once a Historical process completes processing a segment, the segment is announced in Zookeeper under a served segments path associated with the process. At this point, the segment is available for querying.
Recall that when a Historical process notices a new segment entry in its load queue path, the Historical process first checks a configurable cache directory on its local disk to see if the segment had been previously downloaded. If a local cache entry already exists, the Historical process will directly read the segment binary files from disk and load the segment.
The segment cache is also leveraged when a Historical process is first started. On startup, a Historical process will search through its cache directory and immediately load and serve all segments that are found. This feature allows Historical processes to be queried as soon they come online.
