druid/docs/content/ingestion/data-formats.md

---
layout: doc_page
---
Data Formats for Ingestion
==========================

Druid can ingest denormalized data in JSON, CSV, or a custom delimited form such as TSV. While most examples in the documentation use data in JSON format, it is not difficult to configure Druid to ingest CSV or other delimited data.
We also welcome any contributions to new formats.

## Formatting the Data
The following are three samples of the data used in the [Wikipedia example](../tutorials/tutorial-loading-streaming-data.html).

_JSON_

```json
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T01:02:33Z", "page": "Gypsy Danger", "language" : "en", "user" : "nuclear", "unpatrolled" : "true", "newPage" : "true", "robot": "false", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"article", "continent":"North America", "country":"United States", "region":"Bay Area", "city":"San Francisco", "added": 57, "deleted": 200, "delta": -143}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T03:32:45Z", "page": "Striker Eureka", "language" : "en", "user" : "speed", "unpatrolled" : "false", "newPage" : "true", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"wikipedia", "continent":"Australia", "country":"Australia", "region":"Cantebury", "city":"Syndey", "added": 459, "deleted": 129, "delta": 330}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T07:11:21Z", "page": "Cherno Alpha", "language" : "ru", "user" : "masterYi", "unpatrolled" : "false", "newPage" : "true", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"article", "continent":"Asia", "country":"Russia", "region":"Oblast", "city":"Moscow", "added": 123, "deleted": 12, "delta": 111}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T11:58:39Z", "page": "Crimson Typhoon", "language" : "zh", "user" : "triplets", "unpatrolled" : "true", "newPage" : "false", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"wikipedia", "continent":"Asia", "country":"China", "region":"Shanxi", "city":"Taiyuan", "added": 905, "deleted": 5, "delta": 900}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T12:41:27Z", "page": "Coyote Tango", "language" : "ja", "user" : "cancer", "unpatrolled" : "true", "newPage" : "false", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"wikipedia", "continent":"Asia", "country":"Japan", "region":"Kanto", "city":"Tokyo", "added": 1, "deleted": 10, "delta": -9}
```

_CSV_

```
2013-08-31T01:02:33Z,"Gypsy Danger","en","nuclear","true","true","false","false","article","North America","United States","Bay Area","San Francisco",57,200,-143
2013-08-31T03:32:45Z,"Striker Eureka","en","speed","false","true","true","false","wikipedia","Australia","Australia","Cantebury","Syndey",459,129,330
2013-08-31T07:11:21Z,"Cherno Alpha","ru","masterYi","false","true","true","false","article","Asia","Russia","Oblast","Moscow",123,12,111
2013-08-31T11:58:39Z,"Crimson Typhoon","zh","triplets","true","false","true","false","wikipedia","Asia","China","Shanxi","Taiyuan",905,5,900
2013-08-31T12:41:27Z,"Coyote Tango","ja","cancer","true","false","true","false","wikipedia","Asia","Japan","Kanto","Tokyo",1,10,-9
```

_TSV (Delimited)_

```
2013-08-31T01:02:33Z	"Gypsy Danger"	"en"	"nuclear"	"true"	"true"	"false"	"false"	"article"	"North America"	"United States"	"Bay Area"	"San Francisco"	57	200	-143
2013-08-31T03:32:45Z	"Striker Eureka"	"en"	"speed"	"false"	"true"	"true"	"false"	"wikipedia"	"Australia"	"Australia"	"Cantebury"	"Syndey"	459	129	330
2013-08-31T07:11:21Z	"Cherno Alpha"	"ru"	"masterYi"	"false"	"true"	"true"	"false"	"article"	"Asia"	"Russia"	"Oblast"	"Moscow"	123	12	111
2013-08-31T11:58:39Z	"Crimson Typhoon"	"zh"	"triplets"	"true"	"false"	"true"	"false"	"wikipedia"	"Asia"	"China"	"Shanxi"	"Taiyuan"	905	5	900
2013-08-31T12:41:27Z	"Coyote Tango"	"ja"	"cancer"	"true"	"false"	"true"	"false"	"wikipedia"	"Asia"	"Japan"	"Kanto"	"Tokyo"	1	10	-9
```

Note that the CSV and TSV data do not contain column heads. This becomes important when you specify the data for ingesting.

## Configuration

All forms of Druid ingestion require some form of schema object. The format of the data to be ingested is specified using the`parseSpec` entry in your `dataSchema`.

### JSON

```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "json",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },
    "dimensionSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"]
    }
  }
```

### CSV
Since the CSV data cannot contain the column names (no header is allowed), these must be added before that data can be processed:

```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "csv",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },
    "columns" : ["timestamp","page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city","added","deleted","delta"],
    "dimensionsSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"]
    }
  }
```

### TSV
```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "tsv",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },
    "columns" : ["timestamp","page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city","added","deleted","delta"],
    "delimiter":"|",
    "dimensionsSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"]
    }
  }
```
Be sure to change the `delimiter` to the appropriate delimiter for your data. Like CSV, you must specify the columns and which subset of the columns you want indexed.

### Multi-value dimensions
Dimensions can have multiple values for TSV and CSV data. To specify the delimiter for a multi-value dimension, set the `listDelimiter` in the `parseSpec`.

JSON data can contain multi-value dimensions as well. The multiple values for a dimension must be formatted as a JSON array in the ingested data. No additional `parseSpec` configuration is needed.