mirror of https://github.com/apache/druid.git
[Docs] Batch06: starting string functions (#16838)
* batch06, starting string functions * addind space after Syntax * quick change * correcting spelling * Update docs/querying/sql-functions.md * Update sql-functions.md * applying suggestions * Update docs/querying/sql-functions.md * Update docs/querying/sql-functions.md --------- Co-authored-by: Benedict Jin <asdf2014@apache.org> Co-authored-by: Charles Smith <techdocsmith@gmail.com>
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Edgar Melendrez
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@ -655,20 +655,23 @@ Returns the following:
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## CHAR_LENGTH
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`CHAR_LENGTH(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Alias for [`LENGTH`](#length).
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* **Syntax:** `CHAR_LENGTH(expr)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## CHARACTER_LENGTH
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`CHARACTER_LENGTH(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Alias for [`LENGTH`](#length).
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* **Syntax:** `CHARACTER_LENGTH(expr)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## COALESCE
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`COALESCE(expr, expr, ...)`
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@ -679,19 +682,64 @@ Returns the first non-null value.
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## CONCAT
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`CONCAT(expr, expr...)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Concatenates a list of expressions.
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* **Syntax:** `CONCAT(expr[, expr,...])`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example concatenates the `OriginCityName` column from `flight-carriers`, the string ` to `, and the `DestCityName` column from `flight-carriers`.
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```sql
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SELECT
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"OriginCityName" AS "origin_city",
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"DestCityName" AS "destination_city",
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CONCAT("OriginCityName", ' to ', "DestCityName") AS "concatenate_flight_details"
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FROM "flight-carriers"
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LIMIT 1
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `origin_city` | `destination_city` | `concatenate_flight_details` |
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| -- | -- | -- |
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| `San Juan, PR` | `Washington, DC` | `San Juan, PR to Washington, DC` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## CONTAINS_STRING
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`CONTAINS_STRING(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
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Returns `true` if `str` is a substring of `expr`, case-sensitive. Otherwise returns `false`.
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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* **Syntax:** `CONTAINS_STRING(expr, str)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-sensitive.
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example returns `true` if the `OriginCityName` column from the `flight-carriers` datasource contains the substring `San`.
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```sql
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SELECT
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"OriginCityName" AS "origin_city",
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CONTAINS_STRING("OriginCityName", 'San') AS "contains_string"
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FROM "flight-carriers"
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LIMIT 2
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `origin_city` | `contains_string` |
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| -- | -- |
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| `San Juan, PR` | `true` |
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| `Boston, MA` | `false` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## COS
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@ -791,13 +839,31 @@ Decodes a Base64-encoded string into a complex data type, where `dataType` is th
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## DECODE_BASE64_UTF8
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`DECODE_BASE64_UTF8(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Decodes a Base64-encoded string into a UTF-8 encoded string.
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* **Syntax:** `DECODE_BASE64_UTF8(expr)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example converts the base64 encoded string `SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg==` into an UTF-8 encoded string.
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```sql
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SELECT
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'SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg==' AS "base64_encoding",
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DECODE_BASE64_UTF8('SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg==') AS "convert_to_UTF8_encoding"
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `base64_encoding` | `convert_to_UTF8_encoding` |
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| -- | -- |
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| `SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg==` | `Hello World!` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## DEGREES
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Converts an angle from radians to degrees.
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@ -1191,11 +1257,33 @@ Returns the following:
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## ICONTAINS_STRING
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`ICONTAINS_STRING(<expr>, str)`
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Returns `true` if `str` is a substring of `expr`, case-insensitive. Otherwise returns `false`.
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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* **Syntax:** `ICONTAINS_STRING(expr, str)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-insensitive.
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example returns `true` if the `OriginCityName` column from the `flight-carriers` datasource contains the case-insensitive substring `san`.
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```sql
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SELECT
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"OriginCityName" AS "origin_city",
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ICONTAINS_STRING("OriginCityName", 'san') AS "contains_case_insensitive_string"
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FROM "flight-carriers"
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LIMIT 2
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `origin_city` | `contains_case_insensitive_string` |
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| -- | -- |
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| `San Juan, PR` | `true` |
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| `Boston, MA` | `false` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## IPV4_MATCH
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@ -1327,19 +1415,59 @@ Returns the minimum value from the provided arguments.
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## LEFT
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`LEFT(expr, [length])`
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Returns the `N` leftmost characters of an expression, where `N` is an integer value.
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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* **Syntax:** `LEFT(expr, N)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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Returns the leftmost number of characters from an expression.
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example returns the `3` leftmost characters of the expression `ABCDEFG`.
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```sql
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SELECT
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'ABCDEFG' AS "expression",
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LEFT('ABCDEFG', 3) AS "leftmost_characters"
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `expression` | `leftmost_characters` |
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| -- | -- |
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| `ABCDEFG` | `ABC` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## LENGTH
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`LENGTH(expr)`
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Returns the length of the expression in UTF-16 code units.
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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* **Syntax:** `LENGTH(expr)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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Returns the length of the expression in UTF-16 encoding.
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example returns the character length of the `OriginCityName` column from the `flight-carriers` datasource.
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```sql
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SELECT
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"OriginCityName" AS "origin_city_name",
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LENGTH("OriginCityName") AS "city_name_length"
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FROM "flight-carriers"
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LIMIT 1
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `origin_city_name` | `city_name_length` |
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| -- | -- |
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| `San Juan, PR` | `12` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## LN
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@ -1755,11 +1883,30 @@ Reverses the given expression.
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## RIGHT
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`RIGHT(expr, [length])`
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Returns the `N` rightmost characters of an expression, where `N` is an integer value.
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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* **Syntax:** `RIGHT(expr, N)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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Returns the rightmost number of characters from an expression.
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example returns the `3` rightmost characters of the expression `ABCDEFG`.
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```sql
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SELECT
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'ABCDEFG' AS "expression",
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RIGHT('ABCDEFG', 3) AS "rightmost_characters"
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `expression` | `rightmost_characters` |
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| -- | -- |
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| `ABCDEFG` | `EFG` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## ROUND
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## STRLEN
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`STRLEN(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Alias for [`LENGTH`](#length).
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* **Syntax:** `STRLEN(expr)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## STRPOS
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`STRPOS(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
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@ -2022,12 +2170,33 @@ Returns the quantile for the specified fraction from a T-Digest sketch construct
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## TEXTCAT
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`TEXTCAT(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Concatenates two string expressions.
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* **Syntax:** `TEXTCAT(expr, expr)`
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* **Function type:** Scalar, string
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<details><summary>Example</summary>
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The following example concatenates the `OriginState` column from the `flight-carriers` datasource to `, USA`.
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```sql
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SELECT
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"OriginState" AS "origin_state",
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TEXTCAT("OriginState", ', USA') AS "concatenate_state_with_USA"
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FROM "flight-carriers"
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LIMIT 1
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```
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Returns the following:
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| `origin_state` | `concatenate_state_with_USA` |
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| -- | -- |
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| `PR` | `PR, USA` |
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</details>
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[Learn more](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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## THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE
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`THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE(expr)`
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