---
layout: doc_page
---
Data Formats for Ingestion
==========================

Druid can ingest denormalized data in JSON, CSV, or a delimited form such as TSV, or any custom format. While most examples in the documentation use data in JSON format, it is not difficult to configure Druid to ingest any other delimited data.
We welcome any contributions to new formats.

For additional data formats, please see our [extensions list](../development/extensions.html).

## Formatting the Data

The following are some samples of the data used in the [Wikipedia example](../tutorials/quickstart.html).

_JSON_

```json
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T01:02:33Z", "page": "Gypsy Danger", "language" : "en", "user" : "nuclear", "unpatrolled" : "true", "newPage" : "true", "robot": "false", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"article", "continent":"North America", "country":"United States", "region":"Bay Area", "city":"San Francisco", "added": 57, "deleted": 200, "delta": -143}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T03:32:45Z", "page": "Striker Eureka", "language" : "en", "user" : "speed", "unpatrolled" : "false", "newPage" : "true", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"wikipedia", "continent":"Australia", "country":"Australia", "region":"Cantebury", "city":"Syndey", "added": 459, "deleted": 129, "delta": 330}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T07:11:21Z", "page": "Cherno Alpha", "language" : "ru", "user" : "masterYi", "unpatrolled" : "false", "newPage" : "true", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"article", "continent":"Asia", "country":"Russia", "region":"Oblast", "city":"Moscow", "added": 123, "deleted": 12, "delta": 111}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T11:58:39Z", "page": "Crimson Typhoon", "language" : "zh", "user" : "triplets", "unpatrolled" : "true", "newPage" : "false", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"wikipedia", "continent":"Asia", "country":"China", "region":"Shanxi", "city":"Taiyuan", "added": 905, "deleted": 5, "delta": 900}
{"timestamp": "2013-08-31T12:41:27Z", "page": "Coyote Tango", "language" : "ja", "user" : "cancer", "unpatrolled" : "true", "newPage" : "false", "robot": "true", "anonymous": "false", "namespace":"wikipedia", "continent":"Asia", "country":"Japan", "region":"Kanto", "city":"Tokyo", "added": 1, "deleted": 10, "delta": -9}
```

_CSV_

```
2013-08-31T01:02:33Z,"Gypsy Danger","en","nuclear","true","true","false","false","article","North America","United States","Bay Area","San Francisco",57,200,-143
2013-08-31T03:32:45Z,"Striker Eureka","en","speed","false","true","true","false","wikipedia","Australia","Australia","Cantebury","Syndey",459,129,330
2013-08-31T07:11:21Z,"Cherno Alpha","ru","masterYi","false","true","true","false","article","Asia","Russia","Oblast","Moscow",123,12,111
2013-08-31T11:58:39Z,"Crimson Typhoon","zh","triplets","true","false","true","false","wikipedia","Asia","China","Shanxi","Taiyuan",905,5,900
2013-08-31T12:41:27Z,"Coyote Tango","ja","cancer","true","false","true","false","wikipedia","Asia","Japan","Kanto","Tokyo",1,10,-9
```

_TSV (Delimited)_

```
2013-08-31T01:02:33Z	"Gypsy Danger"	"en"	"nuclear"	"true"	"true"	"false"	"false"	"article"	"North America"	"United States"	"Bay Area"	"San Francisco"	57	200	-143
2013-08-31T03:32:45Z	"Striker Eureka"	"en"	"speed"	"false"	"true"	"true"	"false"	"wikipedia"	"Australia"	"Australia"	"Cantebury"	"Syndey"	459	129	330
2013-08-31T07:11:21Z	"Cherno Alpha"	"ru"	"masterYi"	"false"	"true"	"true"	"false"	"article"	"Asia"	"Russia"	"Oblast"	"Moscow"	123	12	111
2013-08-31T11:58:39Z	"Crimson Typhoon"	"zh"	"triplets"	"true"	"false"	"true"	"false"	"wikipedia"	"Asia"	"China"	"Shanxi"	"Taiyuan"	905	5	900
2013-08-31T12:41:27Z	"Coyote Tango"	"ja"	"cancer"	"true"	"false"	"true"	"false"	"wikipedia"	"Asia"	"Japan"	"Kanto"	"Tokyo"	1	10	-9
```

Note that the CSV and TSV data do not contain column heads. This becomes important when you specify the data for ingesting.

## Custom Formats

Druid supports custom data formats and can use the `Regex` parser or the `JavaScript` parsers to parse these formats. Please note that using any of these parsers for 
parsing data will not be as efficient as writing a native Java parser or using an external stream processor. We welcome contributions of new Parsers.

## Configuration

All forms of Druid ingestion require some form of schema object. The format of the data to be ingested is specified using the`parseSpec` entry in your `dataSchema`.

### JSON

```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "json",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },
    "dimensionSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"]
    }
  }
```

If you have nested JSON, [Druid can automatically flatten it for you](flatten-json.html).

### CSV

Since the CSV data cannot contain the column names (no header is allowed), these must be added before that data can be processed:

```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "csv",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },
    "columns" : ["timestamp","page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city","added","deleted","delta"],
    "dimensionsSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"]
    }
  }
```

The `columns` field must match the columns of your input data in the same order.

### TSV

```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "tsv",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },
    "columns" : ["timestamp","page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city","added","deleted","delta"],
    "delimiter":"|",
    "dimensionsSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"]
    }
  }
```

The `columns` field must match the columns of your input data in the same order. 

Be sure to change the `delimiter` to the appropriate delimiter for your data. Like CSV, you must specify the columns and which subset of the columns you want indexed.

### Regex

```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "regex",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },        
    "dimensionsSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : [<your_list_of_dimensions>]
    },
    "columns" : [<your_columns_here>],
    "pattern" : <regex pattern for partitioning data>
  }
```

The `columns` field must match the columns of your regex matching groups in the same order. If columns are not provided, default 
columns names ("column_1", "column2", ... "column_n") will be assigned. Ensure that your column names include all your dimensions. 

### JavaScript

```json
  "parseSpec":{
    "format" : "javascript",
    "timestampSpec" : {
      "column" : "timestamp"
    },        
    "dimensionsSpec" : {
      "dimensions" : ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"]
    },
    "function" : "function(str) { var parts = str.split(\"-\"); return { one: parts[0], two: parts[1] } }"
  }
```

Please note with the JavaScript parser that data must be fully parsed and returned as a `{key:value}` format in the JS logic. 
This means any flattening or parsing multi-dimensional values must be done here.

### Multi-value dimensions

Dimensions can have multiple values for TSV and CSV data. To specify the delimiter for a multi-value dimension, set the `listDelimiter` in the `parseSpec`.

JSON data can contain multi-value dimensions as well. The multiple values for a dimension must be formatted as a JSON array in the ingested data. No additional `parseSpec` configuration is needed.