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# Deep Storage
Deep storage is where segments are stored.  It is a storage mechanism that Druid does not provide.  This deep storage infrastructure defines the level of durability of your data, as long as Druid nodes can see this storage infrastructure and get at the segments stored on it, you will not lose data no matter how many Druid nodes you lose.  If segments disappear from this storage layer, then you will lose whatever data those segments represented.

## Production Tested Deep Stores

### Local Mount

A local mount can be used for storage of segments as well.  This allows you to use just your local file system or anything else that can be mount locally like NFS, Ceph, etc.  This is the default deep storage implementation.

In order to use a local mount for deep storage, you need to set the following configuration in your common configs.

|Property|Possible Values|Description|Default|
|--------|---------------|-----------|-------|
|`druid.storage.type`|local||Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.storageDirectory`||Directory for storing segments.|Must be set.|

Note that you should generally set `druid.storage.storageDirectory` to something different from `druid.segmentCache.locations` and `druid.segmentCache.infoDir`.

If you are using the Hadoop indexer in local mode, then just give it a local file as your output directory and it will work.


### S3-compatible

S3-compatible deep storage is basically either S3 or something like Google Storage which exposes the same API as S3.

S3 configuration parameters are


|Property|Possible Values|Description|Default|
|--------|---------------|-----------|-------|
|`druid.s3.accessKey`||S3 access key.|Must be set.|
|`druid.s3.secretKey`||S3 secret key.|Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.bucket`||Bucket to store in.|Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.baseKey`||Base key prefix to use, i.e. what directory.|Must be set.|

### HDFS

In order to use hdfs for deep storage, you need to set the following configuration in your common configs.

|Property|Possible Values|Description|Default|
|--------|---------------|-----------|-------|
|`druid.storage.type`|hdfs||Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.storageDirectory`||Directory for storing segments.|Must be set.|

If you are using the Hadoop indexer, set your output directory to be a location on Hadoop and it will work

## Community Contributed Deep Stores

### Cassandra

[Apache Cassandra](http://www.datastax.com/what-we-offer/products-services/datastax-enterprise/apache-cassandra) can also be leveraged for deep storage.  This requires some additional druid configuration as well as setting up the necessary schema within a Cassandra keystore.

Please note that this is a community contributed module and does not support Cassandra 2.x or hadoop-based batch indexing. For more information on using Cassandra as deep storage, see [Cassandra Deep Storage](../dependencies/cassandra-deep-storage.html).

## Azure

[Microsoft Azure Storage](http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/storage/) is another option for deep storage. This requires some additional druid configuration.

|Property|Possible Values|Description|Default|
|--------|---------------|-----------|-------|
|`druid.storage.type`|azure||Must be set.|
|`druid.azure.account`||Azure Storage account name.|Must be set.|
|`druid.azure.key`||Azure Storage account key.|Must be set.|
|`druid.azure.container`||Azure Storage container name.|Must be set.|
|`druid.azure.protocol`|http or https||https|
|`druid.azure.maxTries`||Number of tries before cancel an Azure operation.|3|

Please note that this is a community contributed module. See [Azure Services](http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/free-trial/) for more information.

### Rackspace

[Rackspace Cloud Files](http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/files/) is another option for deep storage. This requires some additional druid configuration.

|Property|Possible Values|Description|Default|
|--------|---------------|-----------|-------|
|`druid.storage.type`|cloudfiles||Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.region`||Rackspace Cloud Files region.|Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.container`||Rackspace Cloud Files container name.|Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.basePath`||Rackspace Cloud Files base path to use in the container.|Must be set.|
|`druid.storage.operationMaxRetries`||Number of tries before cancel a Rackspace operation.|10|
|`druid.cloudfiles.userName`||Rackspace Cloud username|Must be set.|
|`druid.cloudfiles.apiKey`||Rackspace Cloud api key.|Must be set.|
|`druid.cloudfiles.provider`|rackspace-cloudfiles-us,rackspace-cloudfiles-uk|Name of the provider depending on the region.|Must be set.|
|`druid.cloudfiles.useServiceNet`|true,false|Whether to use the internal service net.|true|

Please note that this is a community contributed module.