---
id: examples
title: SQL-based ingestion query examples
sidebar_label: Examples
---

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:::info
 This page describes SQL-based batch ingestion using the [`druid-multi-stage-query`](../multi-stage-query/index.md)
 extension, new in Druid 24.0. Refer to the [ingestion methods](../ingestion/index.md#batch) table to determine which
 ingestion method is right for you.
:::

These example queries show you some of the things you can do when modifying queries for your use case. Copy the example queries into the **Query** view of the web console and run them to see what they do.

:::tip
When you insert or replace data with SQL-based ingestion, set the context parameter `finalizeAggregations` to `false`. This context parameter is automatically set for you if you use the Druid console. If you use the API, you must explicitly set it. For more information, see [Rollup](./concepts.md#rollup).
:::

## INSERT with no rollup

This example inserts data into a table named `w000` without performing any data rollup:

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
INSERT INTO w000
SELECT
  TIME_PARSE("timestamp") AS __time,
  isRobot,
  channel,
  flags,
  isUnpatrolled,
  page,
  diffUrl,
  added,
  comment,
  commentLength,
  isNew,
  isMinor,
  delta,
  isAnonymous,
  user,
  deltaBucket,
  deleted,
  namespace,
  cityName,
  countryName,
  regionIsoCode,
  metroCode,
  countryIsoCode,
  regionName
FROM TABLE(
    EXTERN(
      '{"type":"http","uris":["https://druid.apache.org/data/wikipedia.json.gz"]}',
      '{"type":"json"}',
      '[{"name":"isRobot","type":"string"},{"name":"channel","type":"string"},{"name":"timestamp","type":"string"},{"name":"flags","type":"string"},{"name":"isUnpatrolled","type":"string"},{"name":"page","type":"string"},{"name":"diffUrl","type":"string"},{"name":"added","type":"long"},{"name":"comment","type":"string"},{"name":"commentLength","type":"long"},{"name":"isNew","type":"string"},{"name":"isMinor","type":"string"},{"name":"delta","type":"long"},{"name":"isAnonymous","type":"string"},{"name":"user","type":"string"},{"name":"deltaBucket","type":"long"},{"name":"deleted","type":"long"},{"name":"namespace","type":"string"},{"name":"cityName","type":"string"},{"name":"countryName","type":"string"},{"name":"regionIsoCode","type":"string"},{"name":"metroCode","type":"long"},{"name":"countryIsoCode","type":"string"},{"name":"regionName","type":"string"}]'
    )
  )
PARTITIONED BY HOUR
CLUSTERED BY channel
```

</details>

## INSERT with rollup

This example inserts data into a table named `kttm_rollup` and performs data rollup. This example implements the recommendations described in [Rollup](./concepts.md#rollup).

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
INSERT INTO "kttm_rollup"

WITH kttm_data AS (
SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/kttm-v2/kttm-v2-2019-08-25.json.gz"]}',
    '{"type":"json"}',
    '[{"name":"timestamp","type":"string"},{"name":"agent_category","type":"string"},{"name":"agent_type","type":"string"},{"name":"browser","type":"string"},{"name":"browser_version","type":"string"},{"name":"city","type":"string"},{"name":"continent","type":"string"},{"name":"country","type":"string"},{"name":"version","type":"string"},{"name":"event_type","type":"string"},{"name":"event_subtype","type":"string"},{"name":"loaded_image","type":"string"},{"name":"adblock_list","type":"string"},{"name":"forwarded_for","type":"string"},{"name":"number","type":"long"},{"name":"os","type":"string"},{"name":"path","type":"string"},{"name":"platform","type":"string"},{"name":"referrer","type":"string"},{"name":"referrer_host","type":"string"},{"name":"region","type":"string"},{"name":"remote_address","type":"string"},{"name":"screen","type":"string"},{"name":"session","type":"string"},{"name":"session_length","type":"long"},{"name":"timezone","type":"string"},{"name":"timezone_offset","type":"long"},{"name":"window","type":"string"}]'
  )
))

SELECT
  FLOOR(TIME_PARSE("timestamp") TO MINUTE) AS __time,
  session,
  agent_category,
  agent_type,
  browser,
  browser_version
  os,
  city,
  country,
  forwarded_for AS ip_address,

  COUNT(*) AS "cnt",
  SUM(session_length) AS session_length,
  APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(event_type) AS unique_event_types
FROM kttm_data
WHERE os = 'iOS'
GROUP BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
PARTITIONED BY HOUR
CLUSTERED BY browser, session
```
</details>

## INSERT for reindexing an existing datasource

This example aggregates data from a table named `w000` and inserts the result into `w002`.

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
INSERT INTO w002
SELECT
  FLOOR(__time TO MINUTE) AS __time,
  channel,
  countryIsoCode,
  countryName,
  regionIsoCode,
  regionName,
  page,
  COUNT(*) AS cnt,
  SUM(added) AS sum_added,
  SUM(deleted) AS sum_deleted
FROM w000
GROUP BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
PARTITIONED BY HOUR
CLUSTERED BY page
```

</details>

## INSERT with JOIN

This example inserts data into a table named `w003` and joins data from two sources:

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
INSERT INTO w003
WITH
wikidata AS (SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://druid.apache.org/data/wikipedia.json.gz"]}',
    '{"type":"json"}',
    '[{"name":"isRobot","type":"string"},{"name":"channel","type":"string"},{"name":"timestamp","type":"string"},{"name":"flags","type":"string"},{"name":"isUnpatrolled","type":"string"},{"name":"page","type":"string"},{"name":"diffUrl","type":"string"},{"name":"added","type":"long"},{"name":"comment","type":"string"},{"name":"commentLength","type":"long"},{"name":"isNew","type":"string"},{"name":"isMinor","type":"string"},{"name":"delta","type":"long"},{"name":"isAnonymous","type":"string"},{"name":"user","type":"string"},{"name":"deltaBucket","type":"long"},{"name":"deleted","type":"long"},{"name":"namespace","type":"string"},{"name":"cityName","type":"string"},{"name":"countryName","type":"string"},{"name":"regionIsoCode","type":"string"},{"name":"metroCode","type":"long"},{"name":"countryIsoCode","type":"string"},{"name":"regionName","type":"string"}]'
  )
)),
countries AS (SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/lookup/countries.tsv"]}',
    '{"type":"tsv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"Country","type":"string"},{"name":"Capital","type":"string"},{"name":"ISO3","type":"string"},{"name":"ISO2","type":"string"}]'
  )
))
SELECT
  TIME_PARSE("timestamp") AS __time,
  isRobot,
  channel,
  flags,
  isUnpatrolled,
  page,
  diffUrl,
  added,
  comment,
  commentLength,
  isNew,
  isMinor,
  delta,
  isAnonymous,
  user,
  deltaBucket,
  deleted,
  namespace,
  cityName,
  countryName,
  regionIsoCode,
  metroCode,
  countryIsoCode,
  countries.Capital AS countryCapital,
  regionName
FROM wikidata
LEFT JOIN countries ON wikidata.countryIsoCode = countries.ISO2
PARTITIONED BY HOUR
```

</details>

## REPLACE an entire datasource

This example replaces the entire datasource used in the table `w007` with the new query data while dropping the old data:

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
REPLACE INTO w007
OVERWRITE ALL
SELECT
  TIME_PARSE("timestamp") AS __time,
  isRobot,
  channel,
  flags,
  isUnpatrolled,
  page,
  diffUrl,
  added,
  comment,
  commentLength,
  isNew,
  isMinor,
  delta,
  isAnonymous,
  user,
  deltaBucket,
  deleted,
  namespace,
  cityName,
  countryName,
  regionIsoCode,
  metroCode,
  countryIsoCode,
  regionName
FROM TABLE(
    EXTERN(
      '{"type":"http","uris":["https://druid.apache.org/data/wikipedia.json.gz"]}',
      '{"type":"json"}',
      '[{"name":"isRobot","type":"string"},{"name":"channel","type":"string"},{"name":"timestamp","type":"string"},{"name":"flags","type":"string"},{"name":"isUnpatrolled","type":"string"},{"name":"page","type":"string"},{"name":"diffUrl","type":"string"},{"name":"added","type":"long"},{"name":"comment","type":"string"},{"name":"commentLength","type":"long"},{"name":"isNew","type":"string"},{"name":"isMinor","type":"string"},{"name":"delta","type":"long"},{"name":"isAnonymous","type":"string"},{"name":"user","type":"string"},{"name":"deltaBucket","type":"long"},{"name":"deleted","type":"long"},{"name":"namespace","type":"string"},{"name":"cityName","type":"string"},{"name":"countryName","type":"string"},{"name":"regionIsoCode","type":"string"},{"name":"metroCode","type":"long"},{"name":"countryIsoCode","type":"string"},{"name":"regionName","type":"string"}]'
    )
  )
PARTITIONED BY HOUR
CLUSTERED BY channel
```

</details>

## REPLACE for replacing a specific time segment

This example replaces certain segments in a datasource with the new query data while dropping old segments:

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
REPLACE INTO w007
OVERWRITE WHERE __time >= TIMESTAMP '2019-08-25 02:00:00' AND __time < TIMESTAMP '2019-08-25 03:00:00'
SELECT
  FLOOR(__time TO MINUTE) AS __time,
  channel,
  countryIsoCode,
  countryName,
  regionIsoCode,
  regionName,
  page
FROM w007
WHERE __time >= TIMESTAMP '2019-08-25 02:00:00' AND __time < TIMESTAMP '2019-08-25 03:00:00' AND countryName = "Canada"
PARTITIONED BY HOUR
CLUSTERED BY page
```

</details>

## REPLACE for reindexing an existing datasource into itself

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
REPLACE INTO w000
OVERWRITE ALL
SELECT
  FLOOR(__time TO MINUTE) AS __time,
  channel,
  countryIsoCode,
  countryName,
  regionIsoCode,
  regionName,
  page,
  COUNT(*) AS cnt,
  SUM(added) AS sum_added,
  SUM(deleted) AS sum_deleted
FROM w000
GROUP BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
PARTITIONED BY HOUR
CLUSTERED BY page
```

</details>

## SELECT with EXTERN and JOIN

<details><summary>Show the query</summary>

```sql
WITH flights AS (
  SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/flight_on_time/flights/On_Time_Reporting_Carrier_On_Time_Performance_(1987_present)_2005_11.csv.zip"]}',
    '{"type":"csv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"depaturetime","type":"string"},{"name":"arrivalime","type":"string"},{"name":"Year","type":"long"},{"name":"Quarter","type":"long"},{"name":"Month","type":"long"},{"name":"DayofMonth","type":"long"},{"name":"DayOfWeek","type":"long"},{"name":"FlightDate","type":"string"},{"name":"Reporting_Airline","type":"string"},{"name":"DOT_ID_Reporting_Airline","type":"long"},{"name":"IATA_CODE_Reporting_Airline","type":"string"},{"name":"Tail_Number","type":"string"},{"name":"Flight_Number_Reporting_Airline","type":"long"},{"name":"OriginAirportID","type":"long"},{"name":"OriginAirportSeqID","type":"long"},{"name":"OriginCityMarketID","type":"long"},{"name":"Origin","type":"string"},{"name":"OriginCityName","type":"string"},{"name":"OriginState","type":"string"},{"name":"OriginStateFips","type":"long"},{"name":"OriginStateName","type":"string"},{"name":"OriginWac","type":"long"},{"name":"DestAirportID","type":"long"},{"name":"DestAirportSeqID","type":"long"},{"name":"DestCityMarketID","type":"long"},{"name":"Dest","type":"string"},{"name":"DestCityName","type":"string"},{"name":"DestState","type":"string"},{"name":"DestStateFips","type":"long"},{"name":"DestStateName","type":"string"},{"name":"DestWac","type":"long"},{"name":"CRSDepTime","type":"long"},{"name":"DepTime","type":"long"},{"name":"DepDelay","type":"long"},{"name":"DepDelayMinutes","type":"long"},{"name":"DepDel15","type":"long"},{"name":"DepartureDelayGroups","type":"long"},{"name":"DepTimeBlk","type":"string"},{"name":"TaxiOut","type":"long"},{"name":"WheelsOff","type":"long"},{"name":"WheelsOn","type":"long"},{"name":"TaxiIn","type":"long"},{"name":"CRSArrTime","type":"long"},{"name":"ArrTime","type":"long"},{"name":"ArrDelay","type":"long"},{"name":"ArrDelayMinutes","type":"long"},{"name":"ArrDel15","type":"long"},{"name":"ArrivalDelayGroups","type":"long"},{"name":"ArrTimeBlk","type":"string"},{"name":"Cancelled","type":"long"},{"name":"CancellationCode","type":"string"},{"name":"Diverted","type":"long"},{"name":"CRSElapsedTime","type":"long"},{"name":"ActualElapsedTime","type":"long"},{"name":"AirTime","type":"long"},{"name":"Flights","type":"long"},{"name":"Distance","type":"long"},{"name":"DistanceGroup","type":"long"},{"name":"CarrierDelay","type":"long"},{"name":"WeatherDelay","type":"long"},{"name":"NASDelay","type":"long"},{"name":"SecurityDelay","type":"long"},{"name":"LateAircraftDelay","type":"long"},{"name":"FirstDepTime","type":"string"},{"name":"TotalAddGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"LongestAddGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"DivAirportLandings","type":"string"},{"name":"DivReachedDest","type":"string"},{"name":"DivActualElapsedTime","type":"string"},{"name":"DivArrDelay","type":"string"},{"name":"DivDistance","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1Airport","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1AirportID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1AirportSeqID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1WheelsOn","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1TotalGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1LongestGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1WheelsOff","type":"string"},{"name":"Div1TailNum","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2Airport","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2AirportID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2AirportSeqID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2WheelsOn","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2TotalGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2LongestGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2WheelsOff","type":"string"},{"name":"Div2TailNum","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3Airport","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3AirportID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3AirportSeqID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3WheelsOn","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3TotalGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3LongestGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3WheelsOff","type":"string"},{"name":"Div3TailNum","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4Airport","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4AirportID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4AirportSeqID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4WheelsOn","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4TotalGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4LongestGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4WheelsOff","type":"string"},{"name":"Div4TailNum","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5Airport","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5AirportID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5AirportSeqID","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5WheelsOn","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5TotalGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5LongestGTime","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5WheelsOff","type":"string"},{"name":"Div5TailNum","type":"string"},{"name":"Unnamed: 109","type":"string"}]'
  )
)),
L_AIRPORT AS (
  SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/flight_on_time/dimensions/L_AIRPORT.csv"]}',
    '{"type":"csv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"Code","type":"string"},{"name":"Description","type":"string"}]'
  )
)),
L_AIRPORT_ID AS (
  SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/flight_on_time/dimensions/L_AIRPORT_ID.csv"]}',
    '{"type":"csv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"Code","type":"long"},{"name":"Description","type":"string"}]'
  )
)),
L_AIRLINE_ID AS (
  SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/flight_on_time/dimensions/L_AIRLINE_ID.csv"]}',
    '{"type":"csv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"Code","type":"long"},{"name":"Description","type":"string"}]'
  )
)),
L_CITY_MARKET_ID AS (
  SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/flight_on_time/dimensions/L_CITY_MARKET_ID.csv"]}',
    '{"type":"csv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"Code","type":"long"},{"name":"Description","type":"string"}]'
  )
)),
L_CANCELLATION AS (
  SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/flight_on_time/dimensions/L_CANCELLATION.csv"]}',
    '{"type":"csv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"Code","type":"string"},{"name":"Description","type":"string"}]'
  )
)),
L_STATE_FIPS AS (
  SELECT * FROM TABLE(
  EXTERN(
    '{"type":"http","uris":["https://static.imply.io/example-data/flight_on_time/dimensions/L_STATE_FIPS.csv"]}',
    '{"type":"csv","findColumnsFromHeader":true}',
    '[{"name":"Code","type":"long"},{"name":"Description","type":"string"}]'
  )
))
SELECT
  depaturetime,
  arrivalime,
  -- "Year",
  -- Quarter,
  -- "Month",
  -- DayofMonth,
  -- DayOfWeek,
  -- FlightDate,
  Reporting_Airline,

  DOT_ID_Reporting_Airline,
  DOTAirlineLookup.Description AS DOT_Reporting_Airline,

  IATA_CODE_Reporting_Airline,
  Tail_Number,
  Flight_Number_Reporting_Airline,

  OriginAirportID,
  OriginAirportIDLookup.Description AS OriginAirport,

  OriginAirportSeqID,

  OriginCityMarketID,
  OriginCityMarketIDLookup.Description AS OriginCityMarket,

  Origin,
  OriginAirportLookup.Description AS OriginDescription,

  OriginCityName,
  OriginState,

  OriginStateFips,
  OriginStateFipsLookup.Description AS OriginStateFipsDescription,

  OriginStateName,
  OriginWac,

  DestAirportID,
  DestAirportIDLookup.Description AS DestAirport,

  DestAirportSeqID,

  DestCityMarketID,
  DestCityMarketIDLookup.Description AS DestCityMarket,

  Dest,
  DestAirportLookup.Description AS DestDescription,

  DestCityName,
  DestState,

  DestStateFips,
  DestStateFipsLookup.Description AS DestStateFipsDescription,

  DestStateName,
  DestWac,

  CRSDepTime,
  DepTime,
  DepDelay,
  DepDelayMinutes,
  DepDel15,
  DepartureDelayGroups,
  DepTimeBlk,
  TaxiOut,
  WheelsOff,
  WheelsOn,
  TaxiIn,
  CRSArrTime,
  ArrTime,
  ArrDelay,
  ArrDelayMinutes,
  ArrDel15,
  ArrivalDelayGroups,
  ArrTimeBlk,

  Cancelled,
  CancellationCode,
  CancellationCodeLookup.Description AS CancellationReason,

  Diverted,
  CRSElapsedTime,
  ActualElapsedTime,
  AirTime,
  Flights,
  Distance,
  DistanceGroup,
  CarrierDelay,
  WeatherDelay,
  NASDelay,
  SecurityDelay,
  LateAircraftDelay,
  FirstDepTime,
  TotalAddGTime,
  LongestAddGTime
FROM "flights"
LEFT JOIN L_AIRLINE_ID AS DOTAirlineLookup ON DOT_ID_Reporting_Airline = DOTAirlineLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_AIRPORT AS OriginAirportLookup ON Origin = OriginAirportLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_AIRPORT AS DestAirportLookup ON Dest = DestAirportLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_AIRPORT_ID AS OriginAirportIDLookup ON OriginAirportID = OriginAirportIDLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_AIRPORT_ID AS DestAirportIDLookup ON DestAirportID = DestAirportIDLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_CITY_MARKET_ID AS OriginCityMarketIDLookup ON OriginCityMarketID = OriginCityMarketIDLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_CITY_MARKET_ID AS DestCityMarketIDLookup ON DestCityMarketID = DestCityMarketIDLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_STATE_FIPS AS OriginStateFipsLookup ON OriginStateFips = OriginStateFipsLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_STATE_FIPS AS DestStateFipsLookup ON DestStateFips = DestStateFipsLookup.Code
LEFT JOIN L_CANCELLATION AS CancellationCodeLookup ON CancellationCode = CancellationCodeLookup.Code
LIMIT 1000
```

</details>