HADOOP-13131. Add tests to verify that S3A supports SSE-S3 encryption. Contributed by Steve Loughran.

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/Constants.java

@@ -127,8 +127,15 @@ private Constants() {
   public static final long DEFAULT_PURGE_EXISTING_MULTIPART_AGE = 14400;
 
   // s3 server-side encryption
-  public static final String SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM = 
+  public static final String SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM =
-    "fs.s3a.server-side-encryption-algorithm";
+      "fs.s3a.server-side-encryption-algorithm";
+
+  /**
+   * The standard encryption algorithm AWS supports.
+   * Different implementations may support others (or none).
+   */
+  public static final String SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_AES256 =
+      "AES256";
 
   //override signature algorithm used for signing requests
   public static final String SIGNING_ALGORITHM = "fs.s3a.signing-algorithm";

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/S3AFileSystem.java

@@ -764,6 +764,28 @@ private boolean innerRename(Path src, Path dst) throws IOException,
     return true;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Low-level call to get at the object metadata.
+   * @param path path to the object
+   * @return metadata
+   * @throws IOException IO and object access problems.
+   */
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public ObjectMetadata getObjectMetadata(Path path) throws IOException {
+    return getObjectMetadata(pathToKey(path));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Request object metadata; increments counters in the process.
+   * @param key key
+   * @return the metadata
+   */
+  private ObjectMetadata getObjectMetadata(String key) {
+    ObjectMetadata meta = s3.getObjectMetadata(bucket, key);
+    statistics.incrementReadOps(1);
+    return meta;
+  }
+
   /**
    * A helper method to delete a list of keys on a s3-backend.
    *
@@ -1597,7 +1619,7 @@ public long getPartitionSize() {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Get the threshold for multipart files
+   * Get the threshold for multipart files.
    * @return the value as set during initialization
    */
   public long getMultiPartThreshold() {

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/site/markdown/tools/hadoop-aws/index.md

@@ -768,3 +768,25 @@ By default, the `parallel-tests` profile runs 4 test suites concurrently.  This
 can be tuned by passing the `testsThreadCount` argument.
 
     mvn -Pparallel-tests -DtestsThreadCount=8 clean test
+
+### Testing against non AWS S3 endpoints.
+
+The S3A filesystem is designed to work with storage endpoints which implement
+the S3 protocols to the extent that the amazon S3 SDK is capable of talking
+to it. We encourage testing against other filesystems and submissions of patches
+which address issues. In particular, we encourage testing of Hadoop release
+candidates, as these third-party endpoints get even less testing than the
+S3 endpoint itself.
+
+
+**Disabling the encryption tests**
+
+If the endpoint doesn't support server-side-encryption, these will fail
+
+      <property>
+        <name>test.fs.s3a.encryption.enabled</name>
+        <value>false</value>
+      </property>
+
+Encryption is only used for those specific test suites with `Encryption` in
+their classname.

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/AbstractS3ATestBase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.AbstractFSContract;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.AbstractFSContractTestBase;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.ContractTestUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.s3a.S3AContract;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.rules.TestName;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.ContractTestUtils.dataset;
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.ContractTestUtils.writeDataset;
+
+/**
+ * An extension of the contract test base set up for S3A tests.
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractS3ATestBase extends AbstractFSContractTestBase
+    implements S3ATestConstants {
+
+  @Override
+  protected AbstractFSContract createContract(Configuration conf) {
+    return new S3AContract(conf);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void teardown() throws Exception {
+    super.teardown();
+    IOUtils.closeStream(getFileSystem());
+  }
+
+  @Rule
+  public TestName methodName = new TestName();
+
+  @Before
+  public void nameThread() {
+    Thread.currentThread().setName("JUnit-" + methodName.getMethodName());
+  }
+
+  protected Configuration getConfiguration() {
+    return getContract().getConf();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the filesystem as an S3A filesystem.
+   * @return the typecast FS
+   */
+  @Override
+  public S3AFileSystem getFileSystem() {
+    return (S3AFileSystem) super.getFileSystem();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a file, read it back, validate the dataset. Overwrites the file
+   * if it is present
+   * @param name filename (will have the test path prepended to it)
+   * @param len length of file
+   * @return the full path to the file
+   * @throws IOException any IO problem
+   */
+  protected Path writeThenReadFile(String name, int len) throws IOException {
+    Path path = path(name);
+    byte[] data = dataset(len, 'a', 'z');
+    writeDataset(getFileSystem(), path, data, data.length, 1024 * 1024, true);
+    ContractTestUtils.verifyFileContents(getFileSystem(), path, data);
+    return path;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that an exception failed with a specific status code.
+   * @param e exception
+   * @param code expected status code
+   * @throws AWSS3IOException rethrown if the status code does not match.
+   */
+  protected void assertStatusCode(AWSS3IOException e, int code)
+      throws AWSS3IOException {
+    if (e.getStatusCode() != code) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+}

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/S3ATestConstants.java

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a;
+
+/**
+ * Constants for S3A Testing.
+ */
+public interface S3ATestConstants {
+
+  /**
+   * Prefix for any cross-filesystem scale test options.
+   */
+  String SCALE_TEST = "scale.test.";
+
+  /**
+   * Prefix for s3a-specific scale tests.
+   */
+  String S3A_SCALE_TEST = "fs.s3a.scale.test.";
+
+  /**
+   * Prefix for FS s3a tests.
+   */
+  String TEST_FS_S3A = "test.fs.s3a.";
+
+  /**
+   * Name of the test filesystem.
+   */
+  String TEST_FS_S3A_NAME = TEST_FS_S3A + "name";
+
+  /**
+   * The number of operations to perform: {@value}.
+   */
+  String KEY_OPERATION_COUNT = SCALE_TEST + "operation.count";
+
+  /**
+   * The readahead buffer: {@value}.
+   */
+  String KEY_READ_BUFFER_SIZE = S3A_SCALE_TEST + "read.buffer.size";
+  int DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 16384;
+
+  /**
+   * Key for a multi MB test file: {@value}.
+   */
+  String KEY_CSVTEST_FILE = S3A_SCALE_TEST + "csvfile";
+
+  /**
+   * Default path for the multi MB test file: {@value}.
+   */
+  String DEFAULT_CSVTEST_FILE = "s3a://landsat-pds/scene_list.gz";
+
+  /**
+   * The default number of operations to perform: {@value}.
+   */
+  long DEFAULT_OPERATION_COUNT = 2005;
+
+  /**
+   * Run the encryption tests?
+   */
+  String KEY_ENCRYPTION_TESTS = TEST_FS_S3A + "encryption.enabled";
+}

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/S3ATestUtils.java

@@ -27,11 +27,30 @@
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.ContractTestUtils.skip;
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3ATestConstants.*;
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.Constants.*;
+
+/**
+ * Utilities for the S3A tests.
+ */
 public class S3ATestUtils {
 
-  public static S3AFileSystem createTestFileSystem(Configuration conf) throws
+  /**
-      IOException {
+   * Create the test filesystem.
-    String fsname = conf.getTrimmed(TestS3AFileSystemContract.TEST_FS_S3A_NAME, "");
+   *
+   * If the test.fs.s3a.name property is not set, this will
+   * trigger a JUnit failure.
+   *
+   * Multipart purging is enabled.
+   * @param conf configuration
+   * @return the FS
+   * @throws IOException IO Problems
+   * @throws AssumptionViolatedException if the FS is not named
+   */
+  public static S3AFileSystem createTestFileSystem(Configuration conf)
+      throws IOException {
+    String fsname = conf.getTrimmed(TEST_FS_S3A_NAME, "");
 
 
     boolean liveTest = !StringUtils.isEmpty(fsname);
@@ -44,19 +63,31 @@ public static S3AFileSystem createTestFileSystem(Configuration conf) throws
       // This doesn't work with our JUnit 3 style test cases, so instead we'll
       // make this whole class not run by default
       throw new AssumptionViolatedException(
-          "No test filesystem in " + TestS3AFileSystemContract.TEST_FS_S3A_NAME);
+          "No test filesystem in " + TEST_FS_S3A_NAME);
     }
     S3AFileSystem fs1 = new S3AFileSystem();
     //enable purging in tests
-    conf.setBoolean(Constants.PURGE_EXISTING_MULTIPART, true);
+    conf.setBoolean(PURGE_EXISTING_MULTIPART, true);
-    conf.setInt(Constants.PURGE_EXISTING_MULTIPART_AGE, 0);
+    conf.setInt(PURGE_EXISTING_MULTIPART_AGE, 0);
     fs1.initialize(testURI, conf);
     return fs1;
   }
 
-  public static FileContext createTestFileContext(Configuration conf) throws
+  /**
-      IOException {
+   * Create a file context for tests.
-    String fsname = conf.getTrimmed(TestS3AFileSystemContract.TEST_FS_S3A_NAME, "");
+   *
+   * If the test.fs.s3a.name property is not set, this will
+   * trigger a JUnit failure.
+   *
+   * Multipart purging is enabled.
+   * @param conf configuration
+   * @return the FS
+   * @throws IOException IO Problems
+   * @throws AssumptionViolatedException if the FS is not named
+   */
+  public static FileContext createTestFileContext(Configuration conf)
+      throws IOException {
+    String fsname = conf.getTrimmed(TEST_FS_S3A_NAME, "");
 
     boolean liveTest = !StringUtils.isEmpty(fsname);
     URI testURI = null;
@@ -67,8 +98,8 @@ public static FileContext createTestFileContext(Configuration conf) throws
     if (!liveTest) {
       // This doesn't work with our JUnit 3 style test cases, so instead we'll
       // make this whole class not run by default
-      throw new AssumptionViolatedException(
+      throw new AssumptionViolatedException("No test filesystem in "
-          "No test filesystem in " + TestS3AFileSystemContract.TEST_FS_S3A_NAME);
+          + TEST_FS_S3A_NAME);
     }
     FileContext fc = FileContext.getFileContext(testURI,conf);
     return fc;
@@ -139,4 +170,24 @@ public static Exception verifyExceptionClass(Class clazz,
     return ex;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Turn off FS Caching: use if a filesystem with different options from
+   * the default is required.
+   * @param conf configuration to patch
+   */
+  public static void disableFilesystemCaching(Configuration conf) {
+    conf.setBoolean("fs.s3a.impl.disable.cache", true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Skip a test if encryption tests are disabled.
+   * @param configuration configuration to probe
+   */
+  public static void skipIfEncryptionTestsDisabled(
+      Configuration configuration) {
+    if (!configuration.getBoolean(KEY_ENCRYPTION_TESTS, true)) {
+      skip("Skipping encryption tests");
+    }
+  }
+
 }

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/TestS3AEncryption.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ *  distributed with this work for additional information
+ *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a;
+
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.ObjectMetadata;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.ContractTestUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.contract.ContractTestUtils.*;
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3ATestUtils.*;
+
+/**
+ * Test whether or not encryption works by turning it on. Some checks
+ * are made for different file sizes as there have been reports that the
+ * file length may be rounded up to match word boundaries.
+ */
+public class TestS3AEncryption extends AbstractS3ATestBase {
+  private static final String AES256 = Constants.SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_AES256;
+
+  @Override
+  protected Configuration createConfiguration() {
+    Configuration conf = super.createConfiguration();
+    S3ATestUtils.disableFilesystemCaching(conf);
+    conf.set(Constants.SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM,
+        AES256);
+    return conf;
+  }
+
+  private static final int[] SIZES = {
+      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 254, 255, 256, 257, 2 ^ 10 - 3, 2 ^ 11 - 2, 2 ^ 12 - 1
+  };
+
+  @Override
+  public void teardown() throws Exception {
+    super.teardown();
+    IOUtils.closeStream(getFileSystem());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEncryption() throws Throwable {
+    for (int size: SIZES) {
+      validateEncryptionForFilesize(size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEncryptionOverRename() throws Throwable {
+    skipIfEncryptionTestsDisabled(getConfiguration());
+    Path src = path(createFilename(1024));
+    byte[] data = dataset(1024, 'a', 'z');
+    S3AFileSystem fs = getFileSystem();
+    writeDataset(fs, src, data, data.length, 1024 * 1024, true);
+    ContractTestUtils.verifyFileContents(fs, src, data);
+    Path dest = path(src.getName() + "-copy");
+    fs.rename(src, dest);
+    ContractTestUtils.verifyFileContents(fs, dest, data);
+    assertEncrypted(dest);
+  }
+
+  protected void validateEncryptionForFilesize(int len) throws IOException {
+    skipIfEncryptionTestsDisabled(getConfiguration());
+    describe("Create an encrypted file of size " + len);
+    String src = createFilename(len);
+    Path path = writeThenReadFile(src, len);
+    assertEncrypted(path);
+    rm(getFileSystem(), path, false, false);
+  }
+
+  private String createFilename(int len) {
+    return String.format("%s-%04x", methodName.getMethodName(), len);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that at path references an encrypted blob.
+   * @param path path
+   * @throws IOException on a failure
+   */
+  private void assertEncrypted(Path path) throws IOException {
+    ObjectMetadata md = getFileSystem().getObjectMetadata(path);
+    assertEquals(AES256, md.getSSEAlgorithm());
+  }
+
+}

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/TestS3AEncryptionAlgorithmPropagation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ *  distributed with this work for additional information
+ *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3ATestUtils.*;
+
+/**
+ * Test whether or not encryption settings propagate by choosing an invalid
+ * one. We expect the write to fail with a 400 bad request error
+ */
+public class TestS3AEncryptionAlgorithmPropagation extends AbstractS3ATestBase {
+
+  @Override
+  protected Configuration createConfiguration() {
+    Configuration conf = super.createConfiguration();
+    S3ATestUtils.disableFilesystemCaching(conf);
+    conf.set(Constants.SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM,
+        "DES");
+    return conf;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void teardown() throws Exception {
+    super.teardown();
+    IOUtils.closeStream(getFileSystem());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEncrypt0() throws Throwable {
+    writeThenReadFileToFailure(0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEncrypt256() throws Throwable {
+    writeThenReadFileToFailure(256);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make this a no-op so test setup doesn't fail.
+   * @param path path path
+   * @throws IOException on any failure
+   */
+  @Override
+  protected void mkdirs(Path path) throws IOException {
+
+  }
+
+  protected void writeThenReadFileToFailure(int len) throws IOException {
+    skipIfEncryptionTestsDisabled(getConfiguration());
+    describe("Create an encrypted file of size " + len);
+    try {
+      writeThenReadFile(methodName.getMethodName() + '-' + len, len);
+      fail("Expected an exception about an illegal encryption algorithm");
+    } catch (AWSS3IOException e) {
+      assertStatusCode(e, 400);
+    }
+  }
+
+}

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/TestS3AEncryptionFastOutputStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+
+/**
+ * Run the encryption tests against the Fast output stream.
+ * This verifies that both file writing paths can encrypt their data.
+ */
+public class TestS3AEncryptionFastOutputStream extends TestS3AEncryption {
+
+  @Override
+  protected Configuration createConfiguration() {
+    Configuration conf = super.createConfiguration();
+    conf.setBoolean(Constants.FAST_UPLOAD, true);
+    return conf;
+  }
+}

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/TestS3AFileSystemContract.java

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ public class TestS3AFileSystemContract extends FileSystemContractBaseTest {
 
   protected static final Logger LOG =
       LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestS3AFileSystemContract.class);
-  public static final String TEST_FS_S3A_NAME = "test.fs.s3a.name";
 
   @Override
   public void setUp() throws Exception {

hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/s3a/scale/S3AScaleTestBase.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3AInputStream;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3AInstrumentation;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3ATestConstants;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3ATestUtils;
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Assert;
@@ -45,11 +46,7 @@
  * Base class for scale tests; here is where the common scale configuration
  * keys are defined.
  */
-public class S3AScaleTestBase extends Assert {
+public class S3AScaleTestBase extends Assert implements S3ATestConstants {
-
-  public static final String SCALE_TEST = "scale.test.";
-
-  public static final String S3A_SCALE_TEST = "fs.s3a.scale.test.";
 
   @Rule
   public TestName methodName = new TestName();
@@ -59,37 +56,6 @@ public static void nameThread() {
     Thread.currentThread().setName("JUnit");
   }
 
-  /**
-   * The number of operations to perform: {@value}.
-   */
-  public static final String KEY_OPERATION_COUNT =
-      SCALE_TEST + "operation.count";
-
-  /**
-   * The readahead buffer: {@value}.
-   */
-  public static final String KEY_READ_BUFFER_SIZE =
-      S3A_SCALE_TEST + "read.buffer.size";
-
-  public static final int DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 16384;
-
-  /**
-   * Key for a multi MB test file: {@value}.
-   */
-  public static final String KEY_CSVTEST_FILE =
-      S3A_SCALE_TEST + "csvfile";
-
-  /**
-   * Default path for the multi MB test file: {@value}.
-   */
-  public static final String DEFAULT_CSVTEST_FILE
-      = "s3a://landsat-pds/scene_list.gz";
-
-  /**
-   * The default number of operations to perform: {@value}.
-   */
-  public static final long DEFAULT_OPERATION_COUNT = 2005;
-
   protected S3AFileSystem fs;
 
   protected static final Logger LOG =