HDFS-3579. libhdfs: fix exception handling. (Colin Patrick McCabe via atm)

git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-2@1370016 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/CHANGES.txt

@@ -403,6 +403,8 @@ Release 2.0.1-alpha - UNRELEASED
     HDFS-3719. Re-enable append-related tests in TestFileConcurrentReader.
     (Andrew Wang via atm)
 
+    HDFS-3579. libhdfs: fix exception handling. (Colin Patrick McCabe via atm)
+
   BREAKDOWN OF HDFS-3042 SUBTASKS
 
     HDFS-2185. HDFS portion of ZK-based FailoverController (todd)

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ set(_FUSE_DFS_VERSION 0.1.0)
 CONFIGURE_FILE(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.cmake ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/config.h)
 
 add_dual_library(hdfs
+    main/native/libhdfs/exception.c
     main/native/libhdfs/hdfs.c
     main/native/libhdfs/jni_helper.c
 )

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/native/libhdfs/exception.c

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "exception.h"
+#include "hdfs.h"
+#include "jni_helper.h"
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define EXCEPTION_INFO_LEN (sizeof(gExceptionInfo)/sizeof(gExceptionInfo[0]))
+
+struct ExceptionInfo {
+    const char * const name;
+    int noPrintFlag;
+    int excErrno;
+};
+
+static const struct ExceptionInfo gExceptionInfo[] = {
+    {
+        .name = "java/io/FileNotFoundException",
+        .noPrintFlag = NOPRINT_EXC_FILE_NOT_FOUND,
+        .excErrno = ENOENT,
+    },
+    {
+        .name = "org/apache/hadoop/security/AccessControlException",
+        .noPrintFlag = NOPRINT_EXC_ACCESS_CONTROL,
+        .excErrno = EACCES,
+    },
+    {
+        .name = "org/apache/hadoop/fs/UnresolvedLinkException",
+        .noPrintFlag = NOPRINT_EXC_UNRESOLVED_LINK,
+        .excErrno = ENOLINK,
+    },
+    {
+        .name = "org/apache/hadoop/fs/ParentNotDirectoryException",
+        .noPrintFlag = NOPRINT_EXC_PARENT_NOT_DIRECTORY,
+        .excErrno = ENOTDIR,
+    },
+    {
+        .name = "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException",
+        .noPrintFlag = NOPRINT_EXC_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+        .excErrno = EINVAL,
+    },
+    {
+        .name = "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError",
+        .noPrintFlag = 0,
+        .excErrno = ENOMEM,
+    },
+    
+};
+
+int printExceptionAndFreeV(JNIEnv *env, jthrowable exc, int noPrintFlags,
+        const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+    int i, noPrint, excErrno;
+    char *className = NULL;
+    jstring jStr = NULL;
+    jvalue jVal;
+    jthrowable jthr;
+
+    jthr = classNameOfObject(exc, env, &className);
+    if (jthr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "PrintExceptionAndFree: error determining class name "
+            "of exception.\n");
+        className = strdup("(unknown)");
+        destroyLocalReference(env, jthr);
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < EXCEPTION_INFO_LEN; i++) {
+        if (!strcmp(gExceptionInfo[i].name, className)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (i < EXCEPTION_INFO_LEN) {
+        noPrint = (gExceptionInfo[i].noPrintFlag & noPrintFlags);
+        excErrno = gExceptionInfo[i].excErrno;
+    } else {
+        noPrint = 0;
+        excErrno = EINTERNAL;
+    }
+    if (!noPrint) {
+        vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+        fprintf(stderr, " error:\n");
+
+        // We don't want to  use ExceptionDescribe here, because that requires a
+        // pending exception.  Instead, use ExceptionUtils.
+        jthr = invokeMethod(env, &jVal, STATIC, NULL, 
+            "org/apache/commons/lang/exception/ExceptionUtils",
+            "getStackTrace", "(Ljava/lang/Throwable;)Ljava/lang/String;", exc);
+        if (jthr) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "(unable to get stack trace for %s exception: "
+                    "ExceptionUtils::getStackTrace error.)\n", className);
+            destroyLocalReference(env, jthr);
+        } else {
+            jStr = jVal.l;
+            const char *stackTrace = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, jStr, NULL);
+            if (!stackTrace) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "(unable to get stack trace for %s exception: "
+                        "GetStringUTFChars error.)\n", className);
+            } else {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s", stackTrace);
+                (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, jStr, stackTrace);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    destroyLocalReference(env, jStr);
+    destroyLocalReference(env, exc);
+    free(className);
+    return excErrno;
+}
+
+int printExceptionAndFree(JNIEnv *env, jthrowable exc, int noPrintFlags,
+        const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list ap;
+    int ret;
+
+    va_start(ap, fmt);
+    ret = printExceptionAndFreeV(env, exc, noPrintFlags, fmt, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int printPendingExceptionAndFree(JNIEnv *env, int noPrintFlags,
+        const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list ap;
+    int ret;
+    jthrowable exc;
+
+    exc = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env);
+    if (!exc) {
+        va_start(ap, fmt);
+        vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+        fprintf(stderr, " error: (no exception)");
+        ret = 0;
+    } else {
+        (*env)->ExceptionClear(env);
+        va_start(ap, fmt);
+        ret = printExceptionAndFreeV(env, exc, noPrintFlags, fmt, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+jthrowable getPendingExceptionAndClear(JNIEnv *env)
+{
+    jthrowable jthr = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env);
+    if (!jthr)
+        return NULL;
+    (*env)->ExceptionClear(env);
+    return jthr;
+}
+
+jthrowable newRuntimeError(JNIEnv *env, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    char buf[512];
+    jobject out, exc;
+    jstring jstr;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    va_start(ap, fmt);
+    vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    jstr = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, buf);
+    if (!jstr) {
+        // We got an out of memory exception rather than a RuntimeException.
+        // Too bad...
+        return getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
+    }
+    exc = constructNewObjectOfClass(env, &out, "RuntimeException",
+        "(java/lang/String;)V", jstr);
+    (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, jstr);
+    // Again, we'll either get an out of memory exception or the
+    // RuntimeException we wanted.
+    return (exc) ? exc : out;
+}

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/native/libhdfs/exception.h

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LIBHDFS_EXCEPTION_H
+#define LIBHDFS_EXCEPTION_H
+
+/**
+ * Exception handling routines for libhdfs.
+ *
+ * The convention we follow here is to clear pending exceptions as soon as they
+ * are raised.  Never assume that the caller of your function will clean up
+ * after you-- do it yourself.  Unhandled exceptions can lead to memory leaks
+ * and other undefined behavior.
+ *
+ * If you encounter an exception, return a local reference to it.  The caller is
+ * responsible for freeing the local reference, by calling a function like
+ * PrintExceptionAndFree.  (You can also free exceptions directly by calling
+ * DeleteLocalRef.  However, that would not produce an error message, so it's
+ * usually not what you want.)
+ */
+
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <search.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/**
+ * Exception noprint flags
+ *
+ * Theses flags determine which exceptions should NOT be printed to stderr by
+ * the exception printing routines.  For example, if you expect to see
+ * FileNotFound, you might use NOPRINT_EXC_FILE_NOT_FOUND, to avoid filling the
+ * logs with messages about routine events.
+ *
+ * On the other hand, if you don't expect any failures, you might pass
+ * PRINT_EXC_ALL.
+ *
+ * You can OR these flags together to avoid printing multiple classes of
+ * exceptions.
+ */
+#define PRINT_EXC_ALL                           0x00
+#define NOPRINT_EXC_FILE_NOT_FOUND              0x01
+#define NOPRINT_EXC_ACCESS_CONTROL              0x02
+#define NOPRINT_EXC_UNRESOLVED_LINK             0x04
+#define NOPRINT_EXC_PARENT_NOT_DIRECTORY        0x08
+#define NOPRINT_EXC_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT            0x10
+
+/**
+ * Print out information about an exception and free it.
+ *
+ * @param env             The JNI environment
+ * @param exc             The exception to print and free
+ * @param noPrintFlags    Flags which determine which exceptions we should NOT
+ *                        print.
+ * @param fmt             Printf-style format list
+ * @param ap              Printf-style varargs
+ *
+ * @return                The POSIX error number associated with the exception
+ *                        object.
+ */
+int printExceptionAndFreeV(JNIEnv *env, jthrowable exc, int noPrintFlags,
+        const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+
+/**
+ * Print out information about an exception and free it.
+ *
+ * @param env             The JNI environment
+ * @param exc             The exception to print and free
+ * @param noPrintFlags    Flags which determine which exceptions we should NOT
+ *                        print.
+ * @param fmt             Printf-style format list
+ * @param ...             Printf-style varargs
+ *
+ * @return                The POSIX error number associated with the exception
+ *                        object.
+ */
+int printExceptionAndFree(JNIEnv *env, jthrowable exc, int noPrintFlags,
+        const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 4, 5)));  
+
+/**
+ * Print out information about the pending exception and free it.
+ *
+ * @param env             The JNI environment
+ * @param noPrintFlags    Flags which determine which exceptions we should NOT
+ *                        print.
+ * @param fmt             Printf-style format list
+ * @param ...             Printf-style varargs
+ *
+ * @return                The POSIX error number associated with the exception
+ *                        object.
+ */
+int printPendingExceptionAndFree(JNIEnv *env, int noPrintFlags,
+        const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));  
+
+/**
+ * Get a local reference to the pending exception and clear it.
+ *
+ * Once it is cleared, the exception will no longer be pending.  The caller will
+ * have to decide what to do with the exception object.
+ *
+ * @param env             The JNI environment
+ *
+ * @return                The exception, or NULL if there was no exception
+ */
+jthrowable getPendingExceptionAndClear(JNIEnv *env);
+
+/**
+ * Create a new runtime error.
+ *
+ * This creates (but does not throw) a new RuntimeError.
+ *
+ * @param env             The JNI environment
+ * @param fmt             Printf-style format list
+ * @param ...             Printf-style varargs
+ *
+ * @return                A local reference to a RuntimeError
+ */
+jthrowable newRuntimeError(JNIEnv *env, const char *fmt, ...)
+        __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
+
+#endif

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/native/libhdfs/hdfs.h

@@ -252,7 +252,9 @@ extern  "C" {
      * hdfsDisconnect - Disconnect from the hdfs file system.
      * Disconnect from hdfs.
      * @param fs The configured filesystem handle.
-     * @return Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.  
+     * @return Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
+     *         Even if there is an error, the resources associated with the
+     *         hdfsFS will be freed.
      */
     int hdfsDisconnect(hdfsFS fs);
         
@@ -280,6 +282,10 @@ extern  "C" {
      * @param fs The configured filesystem handle.
      * @param file The file handle.
      * @return Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.  
+     *         On error, errno will be set appropriately.
+     *         If the hdfs file was valid, the memory associated with it will
+     *         be freed at the end of this call, even if there was an I/O
+     *         error.
      */
     int hdfsCloseFile(hdfsFS fs, hdfsFile file);
 
@@ -336,8 +342,7 @@ extern  "C" {
      * @param position Position from which to read
      * @param buffer The buffer to copy read bytes into.
      * @param length The length of the buffer.
-     * @return Returns the number of bytes actually read, possibly less than
+     * @return      See hdfsRead
-     * than length;-1 on error.
      */
     tSize hdfsPread(hdfsFS fs, hdfsFile file, tOffset position,
                     void* buffer, tSize length);

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/native/libhdfs/jni_helper.c

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "config.h"
+#include "exception.h"
 #include "jni_helper.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h> 
@@ -85,16 +86,57 @@ static void hdfsThreadDestructor(void *v)
     free(tls);
 }
 
-
+void destroyLocalReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject jObject)
-static int validateMethodType(MethType methType)
 {
-    if (methType != STATIC && methType != INSTANCE) {
+  if (jObject)
-        fprintf(stderr, "Unimplemented method type\n");
+    (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, jObject);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return 1;
 }
 
+static jthrowable validateMethodType(JNIEnv *env, MethType methType)
+{
+    if (methType != STATIC && methType != INSTANCE) {
+        return newRuntimeError(env, "validateMethodType(methType=%d): "
+            "illegal method type.\n", methType);
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+jthrowable newJavaStr(JNIEnv *env, const char *str, jstring *out)
+{
+    jstring jstr;
+
+    if (!str) {
+        /* Can't pass NULL to NewStringUTF: the result would be
+         * implementation-defined. */
+        *out = NULL;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    jstr = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, str);
+    if (!jstr) {
+        /* If NewStringUTF returns NULL, an exception has been thrown,
+         * which we need to handle.  Probaly an OOM. */
+        return getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
+    }
+    *out = jstr;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+jthrowable newCStr(JNIEnv *env, jstring jstr, char **out)
+{
+    const char *tmp;
+
+    if (!jstr) {
+        *out = NULL;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    tmp = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, jstr, NULL);
+    if (!tmp) {
+        return getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
+    }
+    *out = strdup(tmp);
+    (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, jstr, tmp);
+    return NULL;
+}
 
 static int hashTableInit(void)
 {
@@ -156,7 +198,7 @@ static void* searchEntryFromTable(const char *key)
 
 
 
-int invokeMethod(JNIEnv *env, RetVal *retval, Exc *exc, MethType methType,
+jthrowable invokeMethod(JNIEnv *env, jvalue *retval, MethType methType,
                  jobject instObj, const char *className,
                  const char *methName, const char *methSignature, ...)
 {
@@ -167,21 +209,16 @@ int invokeMethod(JNIEnv *env, RetVal *retval, Exc *exc, MethType methType,
     const char *str; 
     char returnType;
     
-    if (! validateMethodType(methType)) {
+    jthr = validateMethodType(env, methType);
-      return -1;
+    if (jthr)
-    }
+        return jthr;
-    cls = globalClassReference(className, env);
+    jthr = globalClassReference(className, env, &cls);
-    if (cls == NULL) {
+    if (jthr)
-      return -2;
+        return jthr;
-    }
+    jthr = methodIdFromClass(className, methName, methSignature, 
-
+                            methType, env, &mid);
-    mid = methodIdFromClass(className, methName, methSignature, 
+    if (jthr)
-                            methType, env);
+        return jthr;
-    if (mid == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
-        return -3;
-    }
-   
     str = methSignature;
     while (*str != ')') str++;
     str++;
@@ -248,43 +285,14 @@ int invokeMethod(JNIEnv *env, RetVal *retval, Exc *exc, MethType methType,
     va_end(args);
 
     jthr = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env);
-    if (jthr != NULL) {
+    if (jthr) {
-        if (exc != NULL)
+        (*env)->ExceptionClear(env);
-            *exc = jthr;
+        return jthr;
-        else
-            (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
-        return -1;
     }
-    return 0;
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-jarray constructNewArrayString(JNIEnv *env, Exc *exc, const char **elements, int size) {
+jthrowable constructNewObjectOfClass(JNIEnv *env, jobject *out, const char *className, 
-  const char *className = "java/lang/String";
-  jobjectArray result;
-  int i;
-  jclass arrCls = (*env)->FindClass(env, className);
-  if (arrCls == NULL) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "could not find class %s\n",className);
-    return NULL; /* exception thrown */
-  }
-  result = (*env)->NewObjectArray(env, size, arrCls,
-                                  NULL);
-  if (result == NULL) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: could not construct new array\n");
-    return NULL; /* out of memory error thrown */
-  }
-  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    jstring jelem = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env,elements[i]);
-    if (jelem == NULL) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: jelem == NULL\n");
-    }
-    (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, result, i, jelem);
-    (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, jelem);
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-jobject constructNewObjectOfClass(JNIEnv *env, Exc *exc, const char *className, 
                                   const char *ctorSignature, ...)
 {
     va_list args;
@@ -293,50 +301,37 @@ jobject constructNewObjectOfClass(JNIEnv *env, Exc *exc, const char *className,
     jobject jobj;
     jthrowable jthr;
 
-    cls = globalClassReference(className, env);
+    jthr = globalClassReference(className, env, &cls);
-    if (cls == NULL) {
+    if (jthr)
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        return jthr;
-      return NULL;
+    jthr = methodIdFromClass(className, "<init>", ctorSignature, 
-    }
+                            INSTANCE, env, &mid);
-
+    if (jthr)
-    mid = methodIdFromClass(className, "<init>", ctorSignature, 
+        return jthr;
-                            INSTANCE, env);
-    if (mid == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
-        return NULL;
-    } 
     va_start(args, ctorSignature);
     jobj = (*env)->NewObjectV(env, cls, mid, args);
     va_end(args);
-    jthr = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env);
+    if (!jobj)
-    if (jthr != NULL) {
+        return getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
-        if (exc != NULL)
+    *out = jobj;
-            *exc = jthr;
+    return NULL;
-        else
-            (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
-    }
-    return jobj;
 }
 
 
-
+jthrowable methodIdFromClass(const char *className, const char *methName, 
-
-jmethodID methodIdFromClass(const char *className, const char *methName, 
                             const char *methSignature, MethType methType, 
-                            JNIEnv *env)
+                            JNIEnv *env, jmethodID *out)
 {
-    jclass cls = globalClassReference(className, env);
+    jclass cls;
-    if (cls == NULL) {
+    jthrowable jthr;
-      fprintf(stderr, "could not find class %s\n", className);
-      return NULL;
-    }
 
+    jthr = globalClassReference(className, env, &cls);
+    if (jthr)
+        return jthr;
     jmethodID mid = 0;
-    if (!validateMethodType(methType)) {
+    jthr = validateMethodType(env, methType);
-      fprintf(stderr, "invalid method type\n");
+    if (jthr)
-      return NULL;
+        return jthr;
-    }
-
     if (methType == STATIC) {
         mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls, methName, methSignature);
     }
@@ -344,72 +339,88 @@ jmethodID methodIdFromClass(const char *className, const char *methName,
         mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, methName, methSignature);
     }
     if (mid == NULL) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "could not find method %s from class %s with signature %s\n",methName, className, methSignature);
+        fprintf(stderr, "could not find method %s from class %s with "
+            "signature %s\n", methName, className, methSignature);
+        return getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
     }
-    return mid;
+    *out = mid;
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-
+jthrowable globalClassReference(const char *className, JNIEnv *env, jclass *out)
-jclass globalClassReference(const char *className, JNIEnv *env)
 {
     jclass clsLocalRef;
     jclass cls = searchEntryFromTable(className);
     if (cls) {
-        return cls; 
+        *out = cls;
+        return NULL;
     }
-
     clsLocalRef = (*env)->FindClass(env,className);
     if (clsLocalRef == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        return getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
-        return NULL;
     }
     cls = (*env)->NewGlobalRef(env, clsLocalRef);
     if (cls == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, clsLocalRef);
-        return NULL;
+        return getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
     }
     (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, clsLocalRef);
     insertEntryIntoTable(className, cls);
-    return cls;
+    *out = cls;
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-
+jthrowable classNameOfObject(jobject jobj, JNIEnv *env, char **name)
-char *classNameOfObject(jobject jobj, JNIEnv *env) {
+{
-    jclass cls, clsClass;
+    jthrowable jthr;
+    jclass cls, clsClass = NULL;
     jmethodID mid;
-    jstring str;
+    jstring str = NULL;
-    const char *cstr;
+    const char *cstr = NULL;
     char *newstr;
 
     cls = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, jobj);
     if (cls == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        jthr = getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
-        return NULL;
+        goto done;
     }
     clsClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Class");
     if (clsClass == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        jthr = getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
-        return NULL;
+        goto done;
     }
     mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, clsClass, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
     if (mid == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        jthr = getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
-        return NULL;
+        goto done;
     }
     str = (*env)->CallObjectMethod(env, cls, mid);
     if (str == NULL) {
-        (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        jthr = getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
-        return NULL;
+        goto done;
     }
-
     cstr = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, str, NULL);
-    newstr = strdup(cstr);
+    if (!cstr) {
-    (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, str, cstr);
+        jthr = getPendingExceptionAndClear(env);
-    if (newstr == NULL) {
+        goto done;
-        perror("classNameOfObject: strdup");
-        return NULL;
     }
-    return newstr;
+    newstr = strdup(cstr);
+    if (newstr == NULL) {
+        jthr = newRuntimeError(env, "classNameOfObject: out of memory");
+        goto done;
+    }
+    *name = newstr;
+    jthr = NULL;
+
+done:
+    destroyLocalReference(env, cls);
+    destroyLocalReference(env, clsClass);
+    if (str) {
+        if (cstr)
+            (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, str, cstr);
+        (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, str);
+    }
+    return jthr;
 }
 
 
@@ -429,6 +440,7 @@ static JNIEnv* getGlobalJNIEnv(void)
     JNIEnv *env;
     jint rv = 0; 
     jint noVMs = 0;
+    jthrowable jthr;
 
     rv = JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs(&(vmBuf[0]), vmBufLength, &noVMs);
     if (rv != 0) {
@@ -501,10 +513,11 @@ static JNIEnv* getGlobalJNIEnv(void)
                     "with error: %d\n", rv);
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (invokeMethod(env, NULL, NULL, STATIC, NULL,
+        jthr = invokeMethod(env, NULL, STATIC, NULL,
                          "org/apache/hadoop/fs/FileSystem",
-                         "loadFileSystems", "()V") != 0) {
+                         "loadFileSystems", "()V");
-            (*env)->ExceptionDescribe(env);
+        if (jthr) {
+            printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL, "loadFileSystems");
         }
     }
     else {

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/native/libhdfs/jni_helper.h

@@ -37,14 +37,35 @@ typedef enum {
     INSTANCE
 } MethType;
 
-
+/**
-/** Used for returning an appropriate return value after invoking
+ * Create a new malloc'ed C string from a Java string.
- * a method
+ *
+ * @param env       The JNI environment
+ * @param jstr      The Java string
+ * @param out       (out param) the malloc'ed C string
+ *
+ * @return          NULL on success; the exception otherwise
  */
-typedef jvalue RetVal;
+jthrowable newCStr(JNIEnv *env, jstring jstr, char **out);
 
-/** Used for returning the exception after invoking a method */
+/**
-typedef jthrowable Exc;
+ * Create a new Java string from a C string.
+ *
+ * @param env       The JNI environment
+ * @param str       The C string
+ * @param out       (out param) the java string
+ *
+ * @return          NULL on success; the exception otherwise
+ */
+jthrowable newJavaStr(JNIEnv *env, const char *str, jstring *out);
+
+/**
+ * Helper function to destroy a local reference of java.lang.Object
+ * @param env: The JNIEnv pointer. 
+ * @param jFile: The local reference of java.lang.Object object
+ * @return None.
+ */
+void destroyLocalReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject jObject);
 
 /** invokeMethod: Invoke a Static or Instance method.
  * className: Name of the class where the method can be found
@@ -63,33 +84,27 @@ typedef jthrowable Exc;
  * RETURNS: -1 on error and 0 on success. If -1 is returned, exc will have 
    a valid exception reference, and the result stored at retval is undefined.
  */
-int invokeMethod(JNIEnv *env, RetVal *retval, Exc *exc, MethType methType,
+jthrowable invokeMethod(JNIEnv *env, jvalue *retval, MethType methType,
                  jobject instObj, const char *className, const char *methName, 
                  const char *methSignature, ...);
 
-/** constructNewObjectOfClass: Invoke a constructor.
+jthrowable constructNewObjectOfClass(JNIEnv *env, jobject *out, const char *className, 
- * className: Name of the class
- * ctorSignature: the signature of the constructor "(arg-types)V"
- * env: The JNIEnv pointer
- * exc: If the ctor throws any exception, this will contain the reference
- * Arguments to the ctor must be passed after ctorSignature 
- */
-jobject constructNewObjectOfClass(JNIEnv *env, Exc *exc, const char *className, 
                                   const char *ctorSignature, ...);
 
-jmethodID methodIdFromClass(const char *className, const char *methName, 
+jthrowable methodIdFromClass(const char *className, const char *methName, 
                             const char *methSignature, MethType methType, 
-                            JNIEnv *env);
+                            JNIEnv *env, jmethodID *out);
 
-jclass globalClassReference(const char *className, JNIEnv *env);
+jthrowable globalClassReference(const char *className, JNIEnv *env, jclass *out);
 
 /** classNameOfObject: Get an object's class name.
  * @param jobj: The object.
  * @param env: The JNIEnv pointer.
- * @return Returns a pointer to a string containing the class name. This string
+ * @param name: (out param) On success, will contain a string containing the
- * must be freed by the caller.
+ * class name. This string must be freed by the caller.
+ * @return NULL on success, or the exception
  */
-char *classNameOfObject(jobject jobj, JNIEnv *env);
+jthrowable classNameOfObject(jobject jobj, JNIEnv *env, char **name);
 
 /** getJNIEnv: A helper function to get the JNIEnv* for the given thread.
  * If no JVM exists, then one will be created. JVM command line arguments
@@ -99,8 +114,6 @@ char *classNameOfObject(jobject jobj, JNIEnv *env);
  * */
 JNIEnv* getJNIEnv(void);
 
-jarray constructNewArrayString(JNIEnv *env, Exc *exc, const char **elements, int size) ;
-
 #endif /*LIBHDFS_JNI_HELPER_H*/
 
 /**

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/native/libhdfs/native_mini_dfs.c

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "exception.h"
 #include "jni_helper.h"
 #include "native_mini_dfs.h"
 
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ struct NativeMiniDfsCluster* nmdCreate(struct NativeMiniDfsConf *conf)
     jobject bld = NULL, bld2 = NULL, cobj = NULL;
     jvalue  val;
     JNIEnv *env = getJNIEnv();
+    jthrowable jthr;
+
     if (!env) {
         fprintf(stderr, "nmdCreate: unable to construct JNIEnv.\n");
         goto error;
@@ -50,35 +53,38 @@ struct NativeMiniDfsCluster* nmdCreate(struct NativeMiniDfsConf *conf)
         fprintf(stderr, "nmdCreate: OOM");
         goto error;
     }
-    cobj = constructNewObjectOfClass(env, NULL, HADOOP_CONF, "()V");
+    jthr = constructNewObjectOfClass(env, &cobj, HADOOP_CONF, "()V");
-    if (!cobj) {
+    if (jthr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdCreate: unable to construct Configuration\n");
+        printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL,
+            "nmdCreate: new Configuration");
         goto error_free_cl;
     }
-    bld = constructNewObjectOfClass(env, NULL, MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER,
+    jthr = constructNewObjectOfClass(env, &bld, MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER,
                     "(L"HADOOP_CONF";)V", cobj);
-    if (!bld) {
+    if (jthr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdCreate: unable to construct "
+        printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL,
-                "NativeMiniDfsCluster#Builder\n");
+            "nmdCreate: NativeMiniDfsCluster#Builder#Builder");
         goto error_dlr_cobj;
     }
-    if (invokeMethod(env, &val, NULL, INSTANCE, bld,
+    jthr = invokeMethod(env, &val, INSTANCE, bld, MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER,
-            MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER, "format",
+            "format", "(Z)L" MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER ";", conf->doFormat);
-            "(Z)L" MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER ";", conf->doFormat)) {
+    if (jthr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdCreate: failed to call Builder#doFormat\n");
+        printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL, "nmdCreate: "
+                              "Builder::format");
         goto error_dlr_bld;
     }
     bld2 = val.l;
-    if (invokeMethod(env, &val, NULL, INSTANCE, bld,
+    jthr = invokeMethod(env, &val, INSTANCE, bld, MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER,
-            MINIDFS_CLUSTER_BUILDER, "build",
+            "build", "()L" MINIDFS_CLUSTER ";");
-            "()L" MINIDFS_CLUSTER ";")) {
+    if (jthr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdCreate: failed to call Builder#build\n");
+        printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL,
+                              "nmdCreate: Builder#build");
         goto error_dlr_bld2;
     }
 	cl->obj = (*env)->NewGlobalRef(env, val.l);
     if (!cl->obj) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdCreate: failed to create global reference to "
+        printPendingExceptionAndFree(env, PRINT_EXC_ALL,
-            "MiniDFSCluster\n");
+            "nmdCreate: NewGlobalRef");
         goto error_dlr_val;
     }
     (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, val.l);
@@ -116,13 +122,17 @@ void nmdFree(struct NativeMiniDfsCluster* cl)
 int nmdShutdown(struct NativeMiniDfsCluster* cl)
 {
     JNIEnv *env = getJNIEnv();
+    jthrowable jthr;
+
     if (!env) {
         fprintf(stderr, "nmdShutdown: getJNIEnv failed\n");
         return -EIO;
     }
-    if (invokeMethod(env, NULL, NULL, INSTANCE, cl->obj,
+    jthr = invokeMethod(env, NULL, INSTANCE, cl->obj,
-            MINIDFS_CLUSTER, "shutdown", "()V")) {
+            MINIDFS_CLUSTER, "shutdown", "()V");
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdShutdown: MiniDFSCluster#shutdown failure\n");
+    if (jthr) {
+        printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL,
+            "nmdShutdown: MiniDFSCluster#shutdown");
         return -EIO;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -130,15 +140,17 @@ int nmdShutdown(struct NativeMiniDfsCluster* cl)
 
 int nmdWaitClusterUp(struct NativeMiniDfsCluster *cl)
 {
+    jthrowable jthr;
     JNIEnv *env = getJNIEnv();
     if (!env) {
         fprintf(stderr, "nmdWaitClusterUp: getJNIEnv failed\n");
         return -EIO;
     }
-    if (invokeMethod(env, NULL, NULL, INSTANCE, cl->obj,
+    jthr = invokeMethod(env, NULL, INSTANCE, cl->obj,
-            MINIDFS_CLUSTER, "waitClusterUp", "()V")) {
+            MINIDFS_CLUSTER, "waitClusterUp", "()V");
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdWaitClusterUp: MiniDFSCluster#waitClusterUp "
+    if (jthr) {
-                "failure\n");
+        printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL,
+            "nmdWaitClusterUp: MiniDFSCluster#waitClusterUp ");
         return -EIO;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -148,6 +160,7 @@ int nmdGetNameNodePort(struct NativeMiniDfsCluster *cl)
 {
     JNIEnv *env = getJNIEnv();
     jvalue jVal;
+    jthrowable jthr;
 
     if (!env) {
         fprintf(stderr, "nmdHdfsConnect: getJNIEnv failed\n");
@@ -155,10 +168,11 @@ int nmdGetNameNodePort(struct NativeMiniDfsCluster *cl)
     }
     // Note: this will have to be updated when HA nativeMiniDfs clusters are
     // supported
-    if (invokeMethod(env, &jVal, NULL, INSTANCE, cl->obj,
+    jthr = invokeMethod(env, &jVal, INSTANCE, cl->obj,
-            MINIDFS_CLUSTER, "getNameNodePort", "()I")) {
+            MINIDFS_CLUSTER, "getNameNodePort", "()I");
-        fprintf(stderr, "nmdHdfsConnect: MiniDFSCluster#getNameNodePort "
+    if (jthr) {
-                "failure\n");
+        printExceptionAndFree(env, jthr, PRINT_EXC_ALL,
+            "nmdHdfsConnect: MiniDFSCluster#getNameNodePort");
         return -EIO;
     }
     return jVal.i;