HDFS-9295. Add a thorough test of the full KMS code path. Contributed by Daniel Templeton.
Change-Id: Ife1abb2f8e9a30102c4f705c47646d9ac8328786
This commit is contained in:
Zhe Zhang
parent
9ce5069d16
commit
986dc718d3
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@ -763,6 +763,9 @@ Release 2.8.0 - UNRELEASED
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HDFS-9255. Consolidate block recovery related implementation into a single
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class. (Walter Su via zhz)
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HDFS-9295. Add a thorough test of the full KMS code path.
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(Daniel Templeton via zhz)
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OPTIMIZATIONS
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HDFS-8026. Trace FSOutputSummer#writeChecksumChunks rather than
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@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
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/**
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* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
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* distributed with this work for additional information
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* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
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* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
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* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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*
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* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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*
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* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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* limitations under the License.
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*/
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package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs;
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import java.io.BufferedReader;
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import java.io.File;
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import java.io.FileWriter;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.io.InputStreamReader;
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import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
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import java.io.PrintWriter;
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import java.io.Writer;
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import java.net.URI;
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import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
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import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
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import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
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import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
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import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
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import org.apache.hadoop.crypto.key.kms.KMSClientProvider;
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import org.apache.hadoop.crypto.key.kms.server.KMSConfiguration;
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import org.apache.hadoop.crypto.key.kms.server.KeyAuthorizationKeyProvider;
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import org.apache.hadoop.crypto.key.kms.server.MiniKMS;
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import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream;
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import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
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import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemTestHelper;
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import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
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import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
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import org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.ProxyUsers;
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import org.junit.Assert;
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import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
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import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
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import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
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import org.junit.BeforeClass;
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import org.junit.Test;
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/**
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* This class tests the ACLs system through the full code path. It overlaps
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* slightly with the ACL tests in common, but the approach is more holistic.
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*
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* <b>NOTE:</b> Because of the mechanics of JAXP, when the KMS config files are
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* written to disk, a config param with a blank value ("") will be written in a
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* way that the KMS will read as unset, which is different from blank. For this
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* reason, when testing the effects of blank config params, this test class
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* sets the values of those config params to a space (" "). A whitespace value
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* will be preserved by JAXP when writing out the config files and will be
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* interpreted by KMS as a blank value. (The KMS strips whitespace from ACL
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* values before interpreting them.)
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*/
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public class TestAclsEndToEnd {
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private static final Log LOG =
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LogFactory.getLog(TestAclsEndToEnd.class.getName());
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private static final String TEXT =
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"The blue zone is for loading and unloading only. "
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+ "Please park in the red zone.";
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private static final Path ZONE1 = new Path("/tmp/BLUEZONE");
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private static final Path ZONE2 = new Path("/tmp/REDZONE");
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private static final Path ZONE3 = new Path("/tmp/LOADINGZONE");
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private static final Path ZONE4 = new Path("/tmp/UNLOADINGZONE");
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private static final Path FILE1 = new Path(ZONE1, "file1");
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private static final Path FILE1A = new Path(ZONE1, "file1a");
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private static final Path FILE2 = new Path(ZONE2, "file2");
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private static final Path FILE3 = new Path(ZONE3, "file3");
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private static final Path FILE4 = new Path(ZONE4, "file4");
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private static final String KEY1 = "key1";
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private static final String KEY2 = "key2";
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private static final String KEY3 = "key3";
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private static UserGroupInformation realUgi;
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private static String realUser;
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private MiniKMS miniKMS;
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private File kmsDir;
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private MiniDFSCluster cluster;
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private DistributedFileSystem fs;
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@BeforeClass
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public static void captureUser() throws IOException {
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realUgi = UserGroupInformation.getCurrentUser();
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realUser = System.getProperty("user.name");
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}
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/**
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* Extract the URI for the miniKMS.
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*
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* @return the URI for the miniKMS
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*/
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private String getKeyProviderURI() {
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return KMSClientProvider.SCHEME_NAME + "://" +
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miniKMS.getKMSUrl().toExternalForm().replace("://", "@");
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}
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/**
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* Write out the config files needed by the miniKMS. The miniKMS doesn't
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* provide a way to set the configs directly, so the only way to pass config
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* parameters is to write them out into config files.
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*
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* @param confDir the directory into which to write the configs
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* @param conf the config to write.
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* @throws IOException
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*/
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private void writeConf(File confDir, Configuration conf)
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throws IOException {
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URI keystore = new Path(kmsDir.getAbsolutePath(), "kms.keystore").toUri();
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.KEY_PROVIDER_URI, "jceks://file@" + keystore);
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conf.set("hadoop.kms.authentication.type", "simple");
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Writer writer =
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new FileWriter(new File(confDir, KMSConfiguration.KMS_SITE_XML));
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conf.writeXml(writer);
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writer.close();
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writer = new FileWriter(new File(confDir, KMSConfiguration.KMS_ACLS_XML));
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conf.writeXml(writer);
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writer.close();
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//create empty core-site.xml
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writer = new FileWriter(new File(confDir, "core-site.xml"));
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new Configuration(false).writeXml(writer);
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writer.close();
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}
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/**
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* Setup a fresh miniKMS and miniDFS.
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*
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* @param conf the configuration to use for both the miniKMS and miniDFS
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* @throws Exception thrown if setup fails
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*/
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private void setup(Configuration conf) throws Exception {
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setup(conf, true, true);
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}
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/**
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* Setup a fresh miniDFS and a miniKMS. The resetKms parameter controls
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* whether the miniKMS will start fresh or reuse the existing data.
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*
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* @param conf the configuration to use for both the miniKMS and miniDFS
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* @param resetKms whether to start a fresh miniKMS
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* @throws Exception thrown if setup fails
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*/
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private void setup(Configuration conf, boolean resetKms) throws Exception {
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setup(conf, resetKms, true);
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}
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/**
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* Setup a miniDFS and miniKMS. The resetKms and resetDfs parameters control
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* whether the services will start fresh or reuse the existing data.
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*
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* @param conf the configuration to use for both the miniKMS and miniDFS
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* @param resetKms whether to start a fresh miniKMS
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* @param resetDfs whether to start a fresh miniDFS
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* @throws Exception thrown if setup fails
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*/
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private void setup(Configuration conf, boolean resetKms, boolean resetDfs)
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throws Exception {
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if (resetKms) {
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FileSystemTestHelper fsHelper = new FileSystemTestHelper();
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kmsDir = new File(fsHelper.getTestRootDir()).getAbsoluteFile();
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Assert.assertTrue(kmsDir.mkdirs());
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}
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writeConf(kmsDir, conf);
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MiniKMS.Builder miniKMSBuilder = new MiniKMS.Builder();
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miniKMS = miniKMSBuilder.setKmsConfDir(kmsDir).build();
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miniKMS.start();
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conf = new HdfsConfiguration();
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// Set up java key store
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conf.set(ProxyUsers.CONF_HADOOP_PROXYUSER + "." + realUser + ".users",
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"keyadmin,hdfs,user");
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conf.set(ProxyUsers.CONF_HADOOP_PROXYUSER + "." + realUser + ".hosts",
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"*");
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conf.set(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_ENCRYPTION_KEY_PROVIDER_URI,
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getKeyProviderURI());
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conf.setBoolean(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_DELEGATION_TOKEN_ALWAYS_USE_KEY,
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true);
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MiniDFSCluster.Builder clusterBuilder = new MiniDFSCluster.Builder(conf);
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cluster = clusterBuilder.numDataNodes(1).format(resetDfs).build();
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fs = cluster.getFileSystem();
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}
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/**
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* Stop the miniKMS and miniDFS.
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*/
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private void teardown() {
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// Restore login user
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UserGroupInformation.setLoginUser(realUgi);
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if (cluster != null) {
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cluster.shutdown();
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}
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miniKMS.stop();
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}
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/**
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* Return a new {@link Configuration} with KMS ACLs appropriate to pass the
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* full ACL test in {@link #doFullAclTest()} set.
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*
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* @param hdfsUgi the hdfs user
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* @param keyadminUgi the keyadmin user
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* @return the configuration
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*/
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private static Configuration getBaseConf(UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi,
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UserGroupInformation keyadminUgi) {
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Configuration conf = new Configuration();
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.CREATE",
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keyadminUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.DELETE",
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keyadminUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.ROLLOVER",
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keyadminUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.GET", "");
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.GET_KEYS",
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keyadminUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.GET_METADATA",
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hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.SET_KEY_MATERIAL", "");
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.GENERATE_EEK",
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hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "acl.DECRYPT_EEK", "");
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return conf;
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}
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/**
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* Set the recommended blacklists.
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*
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* @param hdfsUgi the hdfs user
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*/
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private static void setBlacklistAcls(Configuration conf,
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UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi) {
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "blacklist.CREATE",
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hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "blacklist.DELETE",
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hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "blacklist.ROLLOVER",
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hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "blacklist.GET", "*");
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "blacklist.SET_KEY_MATERIAL",
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"*");
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conf.set(KMSConfiguration.CONFIG_PREFIX + "blacklist.DECRYPT_EEK",
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hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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}
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/**
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* Set the key ACLs appropriate to pass the full ACL test in
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* {@link #doFullAclTest()} using the specified prefix. The prefix should
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* either be "whitelist.key.acl." or "key.acl.key1.".
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*
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* @param conf the configuration
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* @param prefix the ACL prefix
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* @param hdfsUgi the hdfs user
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* @param keyadminUgi the keyadmin user
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* @param userUgi the normal user
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*/
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private static void setKeyAcls(Configuration conf, String prefix,
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UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi,
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UserGroupInformation keyadminUgi,
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UserGroupInformation userUgi) {
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conf.set(prefix + "MANAGEMENT", keyadminUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(prefix + "READ", hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(prefix + "GENERATE_EEK", hdfsUgi.getUserName());
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conf.set(KeyAuthorizationKeyProvider.KEY_ACL + KEY1 + ".DECRYPT_EEK",
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userUgi.getUserName());
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}
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/**
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* Test the full life cycle of a key using a config with whitelist key ACLs.
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* The configuration used is the correct configuration to pass the full ACL
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* test in {@link #doFullAclTest()}.
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*
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* @throws Exception thrown on test failure
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*/
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@Test
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public void testGoodWithWhitelist() throws Exception {
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UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("hdfs",
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realUgi, new String[] {"supergroup"});
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UserGroupInformation keyadminUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("keyadmin",
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realUgi, new String[] {"keyadmin"});
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UserGroupInformation userUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("user",
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realUgi, new String[] {"staff"});
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Configuration conf = getBaseConf(hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi);
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setBlacklistAcls(conf, hdfsUgi);
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setKeyAcls(conf, KMSConfiguration.WHITELIST_KEY_ACL_PREFIX,
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hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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doFullAclTest(conf, hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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}
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/**
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* Test the full life cycle of a key using a config with key ACLs.
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* The configuration used is the correct configuration to pass the full ACL
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* test in {@link #doFullAclTest()}.
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*
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* @throws Exception thrown on test failure
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*/
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@Test
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public void testGoodWithKeyAcls() throws Exception {
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UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("hdfs",
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realUgi, new String[] {"supergroup"});
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UserGroupInformation keyadminUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("keyadmin",
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realUgi, new String[] {"keyadmin"});
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UserGroupInformation userUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("user",
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realUgi, new String[] {"staff"});
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Configuration conf = getBaseConf(hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi);
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setBlacklistAcls(conf, hdfsUgi);
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setKeyAcls(conf, KeyAuthorizationKeyProvider.KEY_ACL + KEY1 + ".",
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hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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doFullAclTest(conf, hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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}
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/**
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* Test the full life cycle of a key using a config with whitelist key ACLs
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* and without blacklist ACLs. The configuration used is the correct
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* configuration to pass the full ACL test in {@link #doFullAclTest()}.
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*
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* @throws Exception thrown on test failure
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*/
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@Test
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public void testGoodWithWhitelistWithoutBlacklist() throws Exception {
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UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("hdfs",
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realUgi, new String[] {"supergroup"});
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UserGroupInformation keyadminUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("keyadmin",
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realUgi, new String[] {"keyadmin"});
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UserGroupInformation userUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("user",
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realUgi, new String[] {"staff"});
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Configuration conf = getBaseConf(hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi);
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setKeyAcls(conf, KMSConfiguration.WHITELIST_KEY_ACL_PREFIX,
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hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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doFullAclTest(conf, hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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}
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/**
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* Test the full life cycle of a key using a config with whitelist key ACLs
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* and without blacklist ACLs. The configuration used is the correct
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* configuration to pass the full ACL test in {@link #doFullAclTest()}.
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*
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* @throws Exception thrown on test failure
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*/
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@Test
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public void testGoodWithKeyAclsWithoutBlacklist() throws Exception {
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UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("hdfs",
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realUgi, new String[] {"supergroup"});
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UserGroupInformation keyadminUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("keyadmin",
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realUgi, new String[] {"keyadmin"});
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UserGroupInformation userUgi =
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UserGroupInformation.createProxyUserForTesting("user",
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realUgi, new String[] {"staff"});
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Configuration conf = getBaseConf(hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi);
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setKeyAcls(conf, KeyAuthorizationKeyProvider.KEY_ACL + KEY1 + ".",
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hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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doFullAclTest(conf, hdfsUgi, keyadminUgi, userUgi);
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}
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/**
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* Run a full key life cycle test using the provided configuration and users.
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*
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* @param conf the configuration
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* @param hdfs the user to use as the hdfs user
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* @param keyadmin the user to use as the keyadmin user
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* @param user the user to use as the normal user
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* @throws Exception thrown if there is a test failure
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*/
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private void doFullAclTest(final Configuration conf,
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final UserGroupInformation hdfsUgi,
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final UserGroupInformation keyadminUgi,
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final UserGroupInformation userUgi) throws Exception {
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try {
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setup(conf);
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// Create a test key
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assertTrue("Exception during creation of key " + KEY1 + " by "
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+ keyadminUgi.getUserName(), createKey(keyadminUgi, KEY1, conf));
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// Fail to create a test key
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assertFalse("Allowed creation of key " + KEY2 + " by "
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+ hdfsUgi.getUserName(), createKey(hdfsUgi, KEY2, conf));
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assertFalse("Allowed creation of key " + KEY2 + " by "
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+ userUgi.getUserName(), createKey(userUgi, KEY2, conf));
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// Create a directory and chown it to the normal user.
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fs.mkdirs(ZONE1);
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fs.setOwner(ZONE1, userUgi.getUserName(),
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userUgi.getPrimaryGroupName());
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// Create an EZ
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assertTrue("Exception during creation of EZ " + ZONE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ hdfsUgi.getUserName() + " using key " + KEY1,
|
||||
createEncryptionZone(hdfsUgi, KEY1, ZONE1));
|
||||
|
||||
// Fail to create an EZ
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed creation of EZ " + ZONE2 + " by "
|
||||
+ keyadminUgi.getUserName() + " using key " + KEY1,
|
||||
createEncryptionZone(keyadminUgi, KEY1, ZONE2));
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed creation of EZ " + ZONE2 + " by "
|
||||
+ userUgi.getUserName() + " using key " + KEY1,
|
||||
createEncryptionZone(userUgi, KEY1, ZONE2));
|
||||
|
||||
// Create a file in the zone
|
||||
assertTrue("Exception during creation of file " + FILE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ userUgi.getUserName(), createFile(userUgi, FILE1, TEXT));
|
||||
|
||||
// Fail to create a file in the zone
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed creation of file " + FILE1A + " by "
|
||||
+ hdfsUgi.getUserName(), createFile(hdfsUgi, FILE1A, TEXT));
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed creation of file " + FILE1A + " by "
|
||||
+ keyadminUgi.getUserName(), createFile(keyadminUgi, FILE1A, TEXT));
|
||||
|
||||
// Read a file in the zone
|
||||
assertTrue("Exception while reading file " + FILE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ userUgi.getUserName(), compareFile(userUgi, FILE1, TEXT));
|
||||
|
||||
// Fail to read a file in the zone
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed reading of file " + FILE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ hdfsUgi.getUserName(), compareFile(hdfsUgi, FILE1, TEXT));
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed reading of file " + FILE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ keyadminUgi.getUserName(), compareFile(keyadminUgi, FILE1, TEXT));
|
||||
|
||||
// Remove the zone
|
||||
fs.delete(ZONE1, true);
|
||||
|
||||
// Fail to remove the key
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed deletion of file " + FILE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ hdfsUgi.getUserName(), deleteKey(hdfsUgi, KEY1));
|
||||
assertFalse("Allowed deletion of file " + FILE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ userUgi.getUserName(), deleteKey(userUgi, KEY1));
|
||||
|
||||
// Remove
|
||||
assertTrue("Exception during deletion of file " + FILE1 + " by "
|
||||
+ keyadminUgi.getUserName(), deleteKey(keyadminUgi, KEY1));
|
||||
} finally {
|
||||
fs.delete(ZONE1, true);
|
||||
fs.delete(ZONE2, true);
|
||||
teardown();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Create a key as the specified user.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param ugi the target user
|
||||
* @param key the target key
|
||||
* @param conf the configuration
|
||||
* @return whether the key creation succeeded
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private boolean createKey(UserGroupInformation ugi, final String key,
|
||||
final Configuration conf) {
|
||||
|
||||
return doUserOp(ugi, new UserOp() {
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void execute() throws IOException {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
DFSTestUtil.createKey(key, cluster, conf);
|
||||
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
|
||||
throw new IOException(ex);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Create a zone as the specified user.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param ugi the target user
|
||||
* @param key the target key
|
||||
* @param zone the target zone
|
||||
* @return whether the zone creation succeeded
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private boolean createEncryptionZone(UserGroupInformation ugi,
|
||||
final String key, final Path zone) {
|
||||
|
||||
return doUserOp(ugi, new UserOp() {
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void execute() throws IOException {
|
||||
cluster.getFileSystem().createEncryptionZone(zone, key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Create a file as the specified user.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param ugi the target user
|
||||
* @param file the target file
|
||||
* @param text the target file contents
|
||||
* @return whether the file creation succeeded
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private boolean createFile(UserGroupInformation ugi,
|
||||
final Path file, final String text) {
|
||||
|
||||
return doUserOp(ugi, new UserOp() {
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void execute() throws IOException {
|
||||
FSDataOutputStream dout = cluster.getFileSystem().create(file);
|
||||
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(dout));
|
||||
|
||||
out.println(text);
|
||||
out.close();
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Read a file as the specified user and compare the contents to expectations.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param ugi the target user
|
||||
* @param file the target file
|
||||
* @param text the expected file contents
|
||||
* @return true if the file read succeeded and the contents were as expected
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private boolean compareFile(UserGroupInformation ugi,
|
||||
final Path file, final String text) {
|
||||
|
||||
return doUserOp(ugi, new UserOp() {
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void execute() throws IOException {
|
||||
FSDataInputStream din = cluster.getFileSystem().open(file);
|
||||
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(din));
|
||||
|
||||
assertEquals("The text read does not match the text written",
|
||||
text, in.readLine());
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Delete a key as the specified user.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param ugi the target user
|
||||
* @param key the target key
|
||||
* @return whether the key deletion succeeded
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private boolean deleteKey(UserGroupInformation ugi, final String key)
|
||||
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
|
||||
|
||||
return doUserOp(ugi, new UserOp() {
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void execute() throws IOException {
|
||||
cluster.getNameNode().getNamesystem().getProvider().deleteKey(key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Perform an operation as the given user. This method requires setting the
|
||||
* login user. This method does not restore the login user to the setting
|
||||
* from prior to the method call.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param ugi the target user
|
||||
* @param op the operation to perform
|
||||
* @return true if the operation succeeded without throwing an exception
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private boolean doUserOp(UserGroupInformation ugi, final UserOp op) {
|
||||
UserGroupInformation.setLoginUser(ugi);
|
||||
|
||||
// Create a test key
|
||||
return ugi.doAs(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public Boolean run() {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
op.execute();
|
||||
|
||||
return true;
|
||||
} catch (IOException ex) {
|
||||
LOG.error("IOException thrown during doAs() operation", ex);
|
||||
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Simple interface that defines an operation to perform.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private static interface UserOp {
|
||||
public void execute() throws IOException;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue