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<a href="../../hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/SLGUserGuide.html">Synthetic Load Generator</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/HDFSDiskbalancer.html">Disk Balancer</a>
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<h5>MapReduce</h5>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/MapReduceTutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/MapredCommands.html">Commands Reference</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/MapReduce_Compatibility_Hadoop1_Hadoop2.html">Compatibility with 1.x</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/EncryptedShuffle.html">Encrypted Shuffle</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/PluggableShuffleAndPluggableSort.html">Pluggable Shuffle/Sort</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/DistributedCacheDeploy.html">Distributed Cache Deploy</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/SharedCacheSupport.html">Support for YARN Shared Cache</a>
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</ul>
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<h5>MapReduce REST APIs</h5>
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<ul>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/MapredAppMasterRest.html">MR Application Master</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs/HistoryServerRest.html">MR History Server</a>
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<h5>YARN</h5>
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<ul>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/YARN.html">Architecture</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/YarnCommands.html">Commands Reference</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/CapacityScheduler.html">Capacity Scheduler</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/FairScheduler.html">Fair Scheduler</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/ResourceManagerRestart.html">ResourceManager Restart</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/ResourceManagerHA.html">ResourceManager HA</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/ResourceModel.html">Resource Model</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/NodeLabel.html">Node Labels</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/NodeAttributes.html">Node Attributes</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/WebApplicationProxy.html">Web Application Proxy</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/TimelineServer.html">Timeline Server</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/TimelineServiceV2.html">Timeline Service V.2</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/WritingYarnApplications.html">Writing YARN Applications</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/YarnApplicationSecurity.html">YARN Application Security</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/NodeManager.html">NodeManager</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/DockerContainers.html">Running Applications in Docker Containers</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/RuncContainers.html">Running Applications in runC Containers</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/NodeManagerCgroups.html">Using CGroups</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/SecureContainer.html">Secure Containers</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/ReservationSystem.html">Reservation System</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/GracefulDecommission.html">Graceful Decommission</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/OpportunisticContainers.html">Opportunistic Containers</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/Federation.html">YARN Federation</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/SharedCache.html">Shared Cache</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/UsingGpus.html">Using GPU</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/UsingFPGA.html">Using FPGA</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/PlacementConstraints.html">Placement Constraints</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/YarnUI2.html">YARN UI2</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h5>YARN REST APIs</h5>
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<ul>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/WebServicesIntro.html">Introduction</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/ResourceManagerRest.html">Resource Manager</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/NodeManagerRest.html">Node Manager</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/TimelineServer.html#Timeline_Server_REST_API_v1">Timeline Server</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/TimelineServiceV2.html#Timeline_Service_v.2_REST_API">Timeline Service V.2</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h5>YARN Service</h5>
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<ul>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/yarn-service/Overview.html">Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/yarn-service/QuickStart.html">QuickStart</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/yarn-service/Concepts.html">Concepts</a>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/yarn-service/YarnServiceAPI.html">Yarn Service API</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/yarn-service/ServiceDiscovery.html">Service Discovery</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/yarn-service/SystemServices.html">System Services</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h5>Hadoop Compatible File Systems</h5>
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<ul>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-aliyun/tools/hadoop-aliyun/index.html">Aliyun OSS</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-aws/tools/hadoop-aws/index.html">Amazon S3</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-azure/index.html">Azure Blob Storage</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-azure-datalake/index.html">Azure Data Lake Storage</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-cos/cloud-storage/index.html">Tencent COS</a>
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</li>
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<li class="none">
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<a href="../../hadoop-huaweicloud/cloud-storage/index.html">Huaweicloud OBS</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<a href="../../hadoop-auth/BuildingIt.html">Building</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-streaming/HadoopStreaming.html">Hadoop Streaming</a>
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<a href="../../hadoop-archives/HadoopArchives.html">Hadoop Archives</a>
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<!---
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
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-->
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<h1>Hadoop: Setting up a Single Node Cluster.</h1>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#Purpose">Purpose</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Prerequisites">Prerequisites</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#Supported_Platforms">Supported Platforms</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Required_Software">Required Software</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Installing_Software">Installing Software</a></li></ul></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Download">Download</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Prepare_to_Start_the_Hadoop_Cluster">Prepare to Start the Hadoop Cluster</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Standalone_Operation">Standalone Operation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Pseudo-Distributed_Operation">Pseudo-Distributed Operation</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Setup_passphraseless_ssh">Setup passphraseless ssh</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Execution">Execution</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#YARN_on_a_Single_Node">YARN on a Single Node</a></li></ul></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Fully-Distributed_Operation">Fully-Distributed Operation</a></li></ul>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h2><a name="Purpose"></a>Purpose</h2>
|
|
<p>This document describes how to set up and configure a single-node Hadoop installation so that you can quickly perform simple operations using Hadoop MapReduce and the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).</p>
|
|
<p><i>Important</i>: all production Hadoop clusters use Kerberos to authenticate callers and secure access to HDFS data as well as restriction access to computation services (YARN etc.).</p>
|
|
<p>These instructions do not cover integration with any Kerberos services, -everyone bringing up a production cluster should include connecting to their organisation’s Kerberos infrastructure as a key part of the deployment.</p>
|
|
<p>See <a href="./SecureMode.html">Security</a> for details on how to secure a cluster.</p></section><section>
|
|
<h2><a name="Prerequisites"></a>Prerequisites</h2><section>
|
|
<h3><a name="Supported_Platforms"></a>Supported Platforms</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
<li>GNU/Linux is supported as a development and production platform. Hadoop has been demonstrated on GNU/Linux clusters with 2000 nodes.</li>
|
|
</ul></section><section>
|
|
<h3><a name="Required_Software"></a>Required Software</h3>
|
|
<p>Required software for Linux include:</p>
|
|
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Java™ must be installed. Recommended Java versions are described at <a class="externalLink" href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/HADOOP/Hadoop+Java+Versions">HadoopJavaVersions</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>ssh must be installed and sshd must be running to use the Hadoop scripts that manage remote Hadoop daemons if the optional start and stop scripts are to be used. Additionally, it is recommmended that pdsh also be installed for better ssh resource management.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol></section><section>
|
|
<h3><a name="Installing_Software"></a>Installing Software</h3>
|
|
<p>If your cluster doesn’t have the requisite software you will need to install it.</p>
|
|
<p>For example on Ubuntu Linux:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ sudo apt-get install ssh
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install pdsh
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</section></section><section>
|
|
<h2><a name="Download"></a>Download</h2>
|
|
<p>To get a Hadoop distribution, download a recent stable release from one of the <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hadoop/common/">Apache Download Mirrors</a>.</p></section><section>
|
|
<h2><a name="Prepare_to_Start_the_Hadoop_Cluster"></a>Prepare to Start the Hadoop Cluster</h2>
|
|
<p>Unpack the downloaded Hadoop distribution. In the distribution, edit the file <code>etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh</code> to define some parameters as follows:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> # set to the root of your Java installation
|
|
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>Try the following command:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ bin/hadoop
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>This will display the usage documentation for the hadoop script.</p>
|
|
<p>Now you are ready to start your Hadoop cluster in one of the three supported modes:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
<li><a href="#Standalone_Operation">Local (Standalone) Mode</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Pseudo-Distributed_Operation">Pseudo-Distributed Mode</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Fully-Distributed_Operation">Fully-Distributed Mode</a></li>
|
|
</ul></section><section>
|
|
<h2><a name="Standalone_Operation"></a>Standalone Operation</h2>
|
|
<p>By default, Hadoop is configured to run in a non-distributed mode, as a single Java process. This is useful for debugging.</p>
|
|
<p>The following example copies the unpacked conf directory to use as input and then finds and displays every match of the given regular expression. Output is written to the given output directory.</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ mkdir input
|
|
$ cp etc/hadoop/*.xml input
|
|
$ bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.4.0-SNAPSHOT.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
|
|
$ cat output/*
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</section><section>
|
|
<h2><a name="Pseudo-Distributed_Operation"></a>Pseudo-Distributed Operation</h2>
|
|
<p>Hadoop can also be run on a single-node in a pseudo-distributed mode where each Hadoop daemon runs in a separate Java process.</p><section>
|
|
<h3><a name="Configuration"></a>Configuration</h3>
|
|
<p>Use the following:</p>
|
|
<p>etc/hadoop/core-site.xml:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre><configuration>
|
|
<property>
|
|
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
|
|
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
|
|
</property>
|
|
</configuration>
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre><configuration>
|
|
<property>
|
|
<name>dfs.replication</name>
|
|
<value>1</value>
|
|
</property>
|
|
</configuration>
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</section><section>
|
|
<h3><a name="Setup_passphraseless_ssh"></a>Setup passphraseless ssh</h3>
|
|
<p>Now check that you can ssh to the localhost without a passphrase:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ ssh localhost
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you cannot ssh to localhost without a passphrase, execute the following commands:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
|
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
|
|
$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</section><section>
|
|
<h3><a name="Execution"></a>Execution</h3>
|
|
<p>The following instructions are to run a MapReduce job locally. If you want to execute a job on YARN, see <a href="#YARN_on_a_Single_Node">YARN on Single Node</a>.</p>
|
|
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Format the filesystem:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ bin/hdfs namenode -format
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Start NameNode daemon and DataNode daemon:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ sbin/start-dfs.sh
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>The hadoop daemon log output is written to the <code>$HADOOP_LOG_DIR</code> directory (defaults to <code>$HADOOP_HOME/logs</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Browse the web interface for the NameNode; by default it is available at:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
<li>NameNode - <code>http://localhost:9870/</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Make the HDFS directories required to execute MapReduce jobs:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /user
|
|
$ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /user/<username>
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Copy the input files into the distributed filesystem:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir input
|
|
$ bin/hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/*.xml input
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Run some of the examples provided:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.4.0-SNAPSHOT.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Examine the output files: Copy the output files from the distributed filesystem to the local filesystem and examine them:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ bin/hdfs dfs -get output output
|
|
$ cat output/*
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>or</p>
|
|
<p>View the output files on the distributed filesystem:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ bin/hdfs dfs -cat output/*
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>When you’re done, stop the daemons with:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ sbin/stop-dfs.sh
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol></section><section>
|
|
<h3><a name="YARN_on_a_Single_Node"></a>YARN on a Single Node</h3>
|
|
<p>You can run a MapReduce job on YARN in a pseudo-distributed mode by setting a few parameters and running ResourceManager daemon and NodeManager daemon in addition.</p>
|
|
<p>The following instructions assume that 1. ~ 4. steps of <a href="#Execution">the above instructions</a> are already executed.</p>
|
|
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Configure parameters as follows:</p>
|
|
<p><code>etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml</code>:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre><configuration>
|
|
<property>
|
|
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
|
|
<value>yarn</value>
|
|
</property>
|
|
<property>
|
|
<name>mapreduce.application.classpath</name>
|
|
<value>$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*</value>
|
|
</property>
|
|
</configuration>
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml</code>:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre><configuration>
|
|
<property>
|
|
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
|
|
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
|
|
</property>
|
|
<property>
|
|
<name>yarn.nodemanager.env-whitelist</name>
|
|
<value>JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_COMMON_HOME,HADOOP_HDFS_HOME,HADOOP_CONF_DIR,CLASSPATH_PREPEND_DISTCACHE,HADOOP_YARN_HOME,HADOOP_HOME,PATH,LANG,TZ,HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME</value>
|
|
</property>
|
|
</configuration>
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Start ResourceManager daemon and NodeManager daemon:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ sbin/start-yarn.sh
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Browse the web interface for the ResourceManager; by default it is available at:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
<li>ResourceManager - <code>http://localhost:8088/</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>Run a MapReduce job.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<p>When you’re done, stop the daemons with:</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<div class="source">
|
|
<pre> $ sbin/stop-yarn.sh
|
|
</pre></div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol></section></section><section>
|
|
<h2><a name="Fully-Distributed_Operation"></a>Fully-Distributed Operation</h2>
|
|
<p>For information on setting up fully-distributed, non-trivial clusters see <a href="./ClusterSetup.html">Cluster Setup</a>.</p></section>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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© 2008-2023
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- <a href="http://maven.apache.org/privacy-policy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.
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Apache Maven, Maven, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and the Apache Maven project logos are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
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