in-memory-compaction logging
Adds logging of CompactingMemStore configuration on construction.
Add logging of detail about Store on creation including memstore type.
Add chapter to refguide on new in-memory compaction feature.
Changes for HBASE-20027 seem to cause UI not showing up on default port in standalone mode. For concurrent
unit test execution, individual tests can set hbase.localcluster.assign.random.ports to true or modify
test/resources/hbase-site.xml.
Changes for HBASE-20027 seem to cause UI not showing up on default port in standalone mode. For concurrent
unit test execution, individual tests can set hbase.localcluster.assign.random.ports to true or modify
test/resources/hbase-site.xml.
in-memory compactions)
Log less. Log using same format as used elsewhere in log.
Align logs in HFileArchiver with how we format elsewhere. Removed
redundant 'region' qualifiers, tried to tighten up the emissions so
easier to read the long lines.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/ChunkCreator.java
Add a label for each of the chunkcreators we make (I was confused by
two chunk creater stats emissions in log file -- didn't know that one
was for data and the other index).
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/CompactSplit.java
Formatting. Log less.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/MemStoreCompactionStrategy.java
Make the emissions in here trace-level. When more than a few regions,
log is filled with this stuff.
M hbase-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/client/DoNotRetryRegionException.java
M hbase-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/exceptions/MergeRegionException.java
Allow passing cause to Constructor.
M hbase-protocol-shaded/src/main/protobuf/MasterProcedure.proto
Add prepare step to move procedure.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/MergeTableRegionsProcedure.java
Add check that regions to merge are actually online to the Constructor
so we can fail fast if they are offline
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/MoveRegionProcedure.java
Add prepare step. Check regions and context and skip move if not right.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/SplitTableRegionProcedure.java
Add check parent region is online to constructor.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/procedure/AbstractStateMachineTableProcedure.java
Add generic check region is online utility function for use by subclasses.
M hbase-server/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/TestRegionMove.java
Add test that we fail if we try to move an offlined region.
Add Fail-Fast to Procedures by throwing exception out of Procedure
constructor so if move but table is disabled or if master is going
down, etc., we can give notice before the procedure is scheduled.
Will help guard against scheduling Procedures that will have a hard
time succeeding; e.g. a move when table is offline.
Also fixed bug around table state where we presumed ENABLED though no
entry in hbase:meta (we were using this mechanism for whether a table
existed or not).
M hbase-server/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/TestRegionMove.java
Test stolen from HBASE-20131
M hbase-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/client/TableState.java
Add convenience isEnabled/isDisabled
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/HMaster.java
Promote assert state to throw exception.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/MasterServices.java
Add isClusterUp
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/AssignmentManager.java
Move constructor now throws exception
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/MoveRegionProcedure.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/MergeTableRegionsProcedure.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/SplitTableRegionProcedure.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/procedure/DisableTableProcedure.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/procedure/ModifyTableProcedure.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/procedure/RestoreSnapshotProcedure.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/procedure/TruncateTableProcedure.java
Do environment check at construction and fail-fast if hostile.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/procedure/AbstractStateMachineTableProcedure.java
Add preflightCheck utility method.
M hbase-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/MetaTableAccessor.java
Removed setting time setting table state; broke when using other than
default environment edge masked by presumption that no state meant
active.
This de-couples the snapshot size calculation from the
SpaceQuotaObserverChore into another API which both the periodically
invoked Master chore and the Master service endpoint can invoke. This
allows for multiple sources of snapshot size to reported (from the
multiple sources we have in HBase).
When a file is archived, snapshot sizes can be more quickly realized and
the Master can still perform periodical computations of the total
snapshot size to account for any delayed/missing/lost file archival RPCs.
Signed-off-by: Ted Yu <yuzhihong@gmail.com>
* rely on git plumbing commands when checking if we've built the site for a particular commit already
* switch to forcing '-e' for bash
* add command line switches for: path to hbase, working directory, and publishing
* only export JAVA/MAVEN HOME if they aren't already set.
* add some docs about assumptions
* Update javadoc plugin to consistently be version 3.0.0
* avoid duplicative site invocations on reactor modules
* update use of cp command so it works both on linux and mac
* manually skip enforcer plugin during build
* still doing install of all jars due to MJAVADOC-490, but then skip rebuilding during aggregate reports.
* avoid the pager on git-diff by teeing to a log file, which also helps later reviewing in the case of big changesets.
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Misty Stanley-Jones <misty@apache.org>
This reverts commit f1a81618fd.
Conflicts:
hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/HStore.java
hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/Segment.java
patch reverted changes that happened in parallel without explanation. see jira.
This patch adds mirroring of table state out to zookeeper. HBase-1.x
clients look for table state in zookeeper, not in hbase:meta where
hbase-2.x maintains table state.
The patch also moves and refactors the 'migration' code that was put in
place by HBASE-13032.
D hbase-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/CoordinatedStateException.java
Unused.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/HMaster.java
Move table state migration code from Master startup out to
TableStateManager where it belongs. Also start
MirroringTableStateManager dependent on config.
A hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/MirroringTableStateManager.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/TableStateManager.java
Move migration from zookeeper of table state in here. Also plumb in
mechanism so subclass can get a chance to look at table state as we do
the startup fixup full-table scan of meta.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/assignment/AssignmentManager.java
Bug-fix. Now we create regions in CLOSED state but we fail to check
table state; were presuming table always enabled. Meant on startup
there'd be an unassigned region that never got assigned.
A hbase-server/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/TestMirroringTableStateManager.java
Test migration and mirroring.
If the initial state is not set to CLOSED while creating merged/ children region/s, merged/
children region/s get stored in meta with state OFFLINE(0). If the master gets restarted after
Merge/ Split procedure stores merged/ children region/s, master startup sequence tries to assign
offline region/s. This is followed by re-assignment of merged/ children region from resumed Merge/
Split procedure.
This bug is related to HBASE-19530.
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
First, we add test resources to CLASSPATH when tests run. W/o it, there
was no logging of hbase-zookeeper test output (not sure why I have to
add this here and not over in hbase-server; research turns up nothing
so far).
M hbase-zookeeper/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/zookeeper/ZKMainServer.java
Improve fail log message.
M hbase-zookeeper/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/zookeeper/TestReadOnlyZKClient.java
M hbase-zookeeper/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/zookeeper/TestZKNodeTracker.java
Wait until ZK is connected before progressing. On my slow zk, it could
be a while post construction before zk connected. Using an unconnected
zk caused test to fail.
M hbase-zookeeper/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/zookeeper/TestZKMainServer.java
Change session timeout to default 30s from 1s which was way too short.
M hbase-zookeeper/src/test/resources/log4j.properties
Set zk logs to DEBUG level in this module at least.
Adds a ZooKeeperHelper class that has utility to help interacting w/ ZK.
Adds (client-side) validation to ReplicationPeerConfigBuilder and javadoc
to builder methods in addition to the test fix.
Signed-off-by: Guanghao Zhang <zghao@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
Changes:
- replaced commons-logging to slf4j everywhere
- log.XXX(Throwable) calls were replaced with log.XXX(t.toString(), t)
- log.XXX(Object) calls were replaced with log.XXX(Objects.toString(obj))
- log.fatal() calls were replaced with log.error(HBaseMarkers.FATAL, ...)
- programmatic log4j configuration was removed from the unit test
This commit does not affect the current logging configurations, because log4j
is still on the classpath. slf4j-log4j12 binds log4j to slf4j.
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
It seems like the original reason this execution filter was added is no
longer an issue for 2.0. Actually, these entries actually preclude
Eclipse from correctly using the Java8 source/target version that we
have specified (which creates numerous compilation errors in Eclipse)
Signed-off-by: Guanghao Zhang <zghao@apache.org>
- Deprecates old checkAnd*() operations in Table
- Adds Table#CheckAndMutateBuilder and implements it in HTable
Commiter note: When committing the patch, noticed redundant {@inheritDoc} being added in HTable.
Removed new and olds ones.
- Adding javadoc comments
- Bug: ServerStateNode#regions is HashSet but there's no synchronization to prevent concurrent addRegion/removeRegion. Let's use concurrent set instead.
- Use getRegionsInTransitionCount() directly to avoid instead of getRegionsInTransition().size() because the latter copies everything into a new array - what a waste for just the size.
- There's mixed use of getRegionNode and getRegionStateNode for same return type - RegionStateNode. Changing everything to getRegionStateNode. Similarly rename other *RegionNode() fns to *RegionStateNode().
- RegionStateNode#transitionState() return value is useless since it always returns it's first param.
- Other minor improvements
- Moved DrainingServerTracker and RegionServerTracker to hbase-server:o.a.h.h.master.
- Moved SplitOrMergeTracker to oahh.master (because it depends on a PB)
- Moving hbase-client:oahh.zookeeper.* to hbase-zookeeper module. After HBASE-19200, hbase-client doesn't need them anymore (except 3 classes).
- Renamed some classes to use a consistent naming for classes - ZK instead of mix of ZK, Zk , ZooKeeper. Couldn't rename following public classes: MiniZooKeeperCluster, ZooKeeperConnectionException. Left RecoverableZooKeeper for lack of better name. (suggestions?)
- Sadly, can't move tests out because they depend on HBaseTestingUtility (which defeats part of the purpose - trimming down hbase-server tests. We need to promote more use of mocks in our tests)
Updated HTrace version to 4.2
Created TraceUtil class to wrap htrace methods. Uses try with resources.
Signed-off-by: Balazs Meszaros <balazs.meszaros@cloudera.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
Last mockito-all release was in Dec'14. Mockito-core has had many releases since then.
From mockito's site:
- "Mockito does not produce the mockito-all artifact anymore ; this one was primarily
aimed at ant users, and contained other dependencies. We felt it was time to move on
and remove such artifacts as they cause problems in dependency management system like
maven or gradle."
- anyX() and any(SomeType.class) matchers now reject nulls and check type.
'bypass' logic case by case
Changes Coprocessor ObserverContext 'bypass' semantic. We flip the
default so bypass is NOT supported on Observer invocations; only a
couple of preXXX methods in RegionObserver allow it: e.g. preGet
and prePut but not preFlush, etc. Everywhere else, we throw
a DoesNotSupportBypassException if a Coprocessor Observer
tries to invoke bypass. Master Observers can no longer stop
or change move, split, assign, create table, etc.
Ditto on complete, the mechanism that allowed a Coprocessor
rule that all subsequent Coprocessors are skipped in an
invocation chain; now, complete is only available to
bypassable methods (and Coprocessors will get an exception if
they try to 'complete' when it is not allowed).
See javadoc for whether a Coprocessor Observer method supports
'bypass'. If no mention, 'bypass' is NOT supported.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/coprocessor/CoprocessorHost.java
Added passing of 'bypassable' (and 'completable') and default 'result' argument to
the Operation constructors rather than pass the excecution engine as parameters.
Makes it so can clean up RegionObserverHost and make the calling
clearer regards what is going on.
Methods that support 'bypass' must set this flag on the Observer.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/HRegion.java
Refactoring in here is minor. A few methods that used support bypass
no longer do so removed the check and the need of an if/else meant a
left-shift in some code.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/RSRpcServices.java
Ditto
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/RegionCoprocessorHost.java
In here label explicitly those methods that are bypassable.
Some changes to make sure we call the corresponding execOperation.
TestMasterObserver had a bunch of test of bypass method. All removed or
disabled.
TODO: What to do w/ the Scanner methods.
Deprecate Table::existsAll method and add Table::exists.
RemoteHTable already had a deprecated exists method, remove that
and implement the new exists from Table interface.
Signed-off-by: Chia-Ping Tsai <chia7712@gmail.com>
Added filterCell method to Filter, it calls filterKeyValue by default
Deprecated filterKeyValue in Filter, bud added default functionality to return Filter.ReturnCode.INCLUDE.
Added filterKeyValue (calling filterCell) to Filters extending FilterBase to be backward compatible.
renamed filterKeyValue to filterCell in all implementations
changed all internal calls to use filterCell instead of filterKeyValue
changed tests too
This way the change is simple and backward compatible.
Any existing custom filter should work since they override filterKeyValue
and the implementation is called by Filter.filterCell.
Moved FilterWrapper to hbase-server
Signed-off-by: anoopsamjohn <anoopsamjohn@gmail.com>
As part of HBASE-18978 the rpc timeout methods gets aligned
between Table and AsyncTable interfaces.
Deprecate the following methods in Table:
- int getRpcTimeout()
- int getReadRpcTimeout()
- int getWriteRpcTimeout()
- int getOperationTimeout()
Add the following methods to Table:
- long getRpcTimeout(TimeUnit)
- long getReadRpcTimeout(TimeUnit)
- long getWriteRpcTimeout(TimeUnit)
- long getOperationTimeout(TimeUnit)
Fix some javadoc issues.
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
A hack to "hide" the protobufs, but it's not going to be a trivial
change to remove use of protobufs entirely as they're serialized
into the hbase:quota table.
Purges Server, MasterServices, and RegionServerServices from
CoprocessorEnvironments. Replaces removed functionality with
a set of carefully curated methods on the *CoprocessorEnvironment
implementations (Varies by CoprocessorEnvironment in that the
MasterCoprocessorEnvironment has Master-type facility exposed,
and so on).
A few core Coprocessors that should long ago have been converted
to be integral, violate their context; e.g. a RegionCoprocessor
wants free access to a hosting RegionServer (which may or may not
be present). Rather than let these violators make us corrupte the
CP API, instead, we've made up a hacky system that allows core
Coprocessors access to internals. A new CoreCoprocessor Annotation
has been introduced. When loading Coprocessors, if the instance is
annotated CoreCoprocessor, we pass it an Environment that has been
padded w/ extra-stuff. On invocation, CoreCoprocessors know how to
route their way to these extras in their environment.
See the *CoprocessoHost for how the do the check for CoreCoprocessor
and pass a fatter *Coprocessor, one that allows getting of either
a RegionServerService or MasterService out of the environment
via Marker Interfaces.
Removed org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.CoprocessorRegionServerServices
M hbase-endpoint/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/security/access/SecureBulkLoadEndpoint.java
This Endpoint has been deprecated because its functionality has been
moved to core. Marking it a CoreCoprocessor in the meantime to
minimize change.
M hbase-rsgroup/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/rsgroup/RSGroupAdminEndpoint.java
This should be integral to hbase. Meantime, marking it CoreCoprocessor.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/Server.java
Added doc on where it is used and added back a few methods we'd
removed.
A hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/coprocessor/CoreCoprocessor.java
New annotation for core hbase coprocessors. They get richer environment
on coprocessor loading.
A hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/coprocessor/HasMasterServices.java
A hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/coprocessor/HasRegionServerServices.java
Marker Interface to access extras if present.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/coprocessor/MasterCoprocessorEnvironment.java
Purge MasterServices access. Allow CPs a Connection.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/coprocessor/RegionCoprocessorEnvironment.java
Purge RegionServerServices access. Allow CPs a Connection.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/coprocessor/RegionServerCoprocessorEnvironment.java
Purge MasterServices access. Allow CPs a Connection.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/quotas/MasterSpaceQuotaObserver.java
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/quotas/QuotaCache.java
We no longer have access to MasterServices. Don't need it actually.
Use short-circuiting Admin instead.
D hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/CoprocessorRegionServerServices.java
Removed. Not needed now we do CP Env differently.
M hbase-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/regionserver/HRegionServer.java
No need to go via RSS to getOnlineTables; just use HRS.
And so on. Adds tests to ensure we can only get at extra info
if the CP has been properly marked.
* Change imports from org.codehaus to com.fasterxml
* Exclude transitive jackson1 from hadoop and others
* Minor test cleanup to add assert messages, fix some parameter order
* Add anti-pattern check for using jackson 1 imports
* Add explicit non-null serialization directive to ScannerModel
This reverts commit 0d0c330401.
Backing out filterlist regression, see HBASE-18957. Work continuing branch for HBASE-18410.
Signed-off-by: Peter Somogyi <psomogyi@cloudera.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
This reverts commit 0eeafa04f2.
Backing out filterlist regression, see HBASE-18957. Work continuing branch for HBASE-18410.
Signed-off-by: Peter Somogyi <psomogyi@cloudera.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
This reverts commit df34300cd3.
Backing out filterlist regression, see HBASE-18957. Work continuing branch for HBASE-18410.
Signed-off-by: Peter Somogyi <psomogyi@cloudera.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
This reverts commit f54cc1ca51.
Backing out filterlist regression, see HBASE-18957. Work continuing branch for HBASE-18410.
Signed-off-by: Peter Somogyi <psomogyi@cloudera.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
This reverts commit 3bd824faca.
Backing out filterlist regression, see HBASE-18957. Work continuing branch for HBASE-18410.
Signed-off-by: Peter Somogyi <psomogyi@cloudera.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
Patch ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when current() is called after
advance() has already returned false
Signed-off-by: Chia-Ping Tsai <chia7712@gmail.com>
- Change Service Coprocessor#getService() to List<Service> Coprocessor#getServices()
- Checkin the finalized design doc into repo
- Added example to javadoc of Coprocessor base interface on how to implement one in the new design
------------------------------------------------------
TL;DR
------------------------------------------------------
We are moving from Inheritence
- Observer *is* Coprocessor
- FooService *is* CoprocessorService
To Composition
- Coprocessor *has* Observer
- Coprocessor *has* Service
------------------------------------------------------
Design Changes
------------------------------------------------------
- Adds four new interfaces - MasterCoprocessor, RegionCoprocessor, RegionServierCoprocessor,
WALCoprocessor
- These new *Coprocessor interfaces have a get*Observer() function for each observer type
supported by them.
- Added Coprocessor#getService() to base interface. All extending *Coprocessor interfaces will
get it from the base interface.
- Added BulkLoadObserver hooks to RegionCoprocessorHost instad of SecureBulkLoadManager doing its
own trickery.
- CoprocessorHost#find*() fuctions: Too many testing hooks digging into CP internals.
Deleted if can, else marked @VisibleForTesting.
------------------------------------------------------
Backward Compatibility
------------------------------------------------------
- Old coprocessors implementing *Observer won't get loaded (no backward compatibility guarantees).
- Third party coprocessors only implementing Coprocessor will not get loaded (just like Observers).
- Old coprocessors implementing CoprocessorService (for master/region host)
/SingletonCoprocessorService (for RegionServer host) will continue to work with 2.0.
- Added test to ensure backward compatibility of CoprocessorService/SingletonCoprocessorService
- Note that if a coprocessor implements both observer and service in same class, its service
component will continue to work but it's observer component won't work.
------------------------------------------------------
Notes
------------------------------------------------------
Did a side-by-side comparison of CPs in master and after patch. These coprocessors which were just
CoprocessorService earlier, needed a home in some coprocessor in new design. For most it was clear
since they were using a particular type of environment. Some were tricky.
- JMXListener - MasterCoprocessor and RSCoprocessor (because jmx listener makes sense for
processes?)
- RSGroupAdminEndpoint --> MasterCP
- VisibilityController -> MasterCP and RegionCP
These were converted to RegionCoprocessor because they were using RegionCoprocessorEnvironment
which can only come from a RegionCPHost.
- AggregateImplementation
- BaseRowProcessorEndpoint
- BulkDeleteEndpoint
- Export
- RefreshHFilesEndpoint
- RowCountEndpoint
- MultiRowMutationEndpoint
- SecureBulkLoadEndpoint
- TokenProvider
Change-Id: I813145f2bc11815f52ac703563b879962c249764
This is based on patch sent me by Balazs Meszaros. The good stuff in
here is from him. This patch does less than his ambition. It changes
Admin class only. Can work on making AsyncAdmin cohere in a follow-on.
* Deprecates getAlterStatus. Everywhere else we talk of 'modify' rather
'alter' and should use Future returned from async instead.
* isTableAvailable(TableName, byte [][]) has been deprecated to be
removed; use the overrie instead. This is a weird method.
* Changed listTableDescriptor to getDescriptor.
* Renamed other like methods to have same pattern (deprecating the old):
balancer => balance
setBalancerRunning => balancerSwitch
setNormalizerRunning => normalizerSwitch
enableCatalogJanitor => catalogJanitorSwitch
setCleanerChoreRunning => cleanerChoreSwitch
setSplitOrMergeEnabled => splitOrMergeEnabledSwitch
* Renamed (with deprecation of old) runCatalogScan => runCatalogJanitor.
* Reviewed generated javadoc and made some edits; purged reference to
hbase issues from our API, fixed param names, etc.
* Made all the enable services methods have same pattern.
* Renamed takeSnapshotAsync as snapshotAsync (with deprecation of old)
* Renamed execProcedureWithRet as execProcedureWithReturn (with
deprecation)
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>
Javadoc for following methods are updated:
* Table.put(List<Put> puts)
* Table.delete(List<Delete> deletes)
Added @apiNote for delete regarding input list will not be modied in version 3.0.0
Signed-off-by: Michael Stack <stack@apache.org>