HBase depends on the Java Platform, Standard Edition, 6 Release. So the target system has to be provided with at least the Java Runtime Environment (JRE); however if the system will also be used for development, the Jave Development Kit (JDK) is preferred. You can download the latest versions for both from Sun's download page. Installation is a simple GUI wizard that guides you through the process.

Cygwin is probably the oddest technology in this solution stack. It provides a dynamic link library that emulates most of a *nix environment on Windows. On top of that a whole bunch of the most common *nix tools are supplied. Combined, the DLL with the tools form a very *nix-alike environment on Windows.

For installation, Cygwin provides the setup.exe utility that tracks the versions of all installed components on the target system and provides the mechanism for installing or updating everything from the mirror sites of Cygwin.

To support installation, the setup.exe utility uses 2 directories on the target system. The Root directory for Cygwin (defaults to C:\cygwin) which will become / within the eventual Cygwin installation; and the Local Package directory (e.g. C:\cygsetup that is the cache where setup.exe stores the packages before they are installed. The cache must not be the same folder as the Cygwin root.

Perform following steps to install Cygwin, which are elaboratly detailed in the 2nd chapter of the Cygwin User's Guide:

1. Make sure you have Administrator privileges on the target system.
2. Choose and create you Root and Local Package directories. A good suggestion is to use C:\cygwin\root and C:\cygwin\setup folders.
3. Download the setup.exe utility and save it to the Local Package directory.
4. Run the setup.exe utility,
   1. Choose the Install from Internet option,
   2. Choose your Root and Local Package folders
   3. and select an appropriate mirror.
   4. Don't select any additional packages yet, as we only want to install Cygwin for now.
   5. Wait for download and install
   6. Finish the installation
5. Optionally, you can now also add a shortcut to your Start menu pointing to the setup.exe utility in the Local Package folder.
6. Add CYGWIN_HOME system-wide environment variable that points to your Root directory.
7. Add %CYGWIN_HOME%\bin to the end of your PATH environment variable.
8. Reboot the sytem after making changes to the environment variables otherwise the OS will not be able to find the Cygwin utilities.
9. Test your installation by running your freshly created shortcuts or the Cygwin.bat command in the Root folder. You should end up in a terminal window that is running a Bash shell. Test the shell by issuing following commands:
   1. cd / should take you to thr Root directory in Cygwin;
   2. the LS commands that should list all files and folders in the current directory.
   3. Use the exit command to end the terminal.
10. When needed, to uninstall Cygwin you can simply delete the Root and Local Package directory, and the shortcuts that were created during installation.

HBase (and Hadoop) rely on SSH for interprocess/-node communication and launching remote commands. SSH will be provisioned on the target system via Cygwin, which supports running Cygwin programs as Windows services!

1. Rerun the setup.exe utility.
2. Leave all parameters as is, skipping through the wizard using the Next button until the Select Packages panel is shown.
3. Maximize the window and click the View button to toggle to the list view, which is ordered alfabetically on Package, making it easier to find the packages we'll need.
4. Select the following packages by clicking the status word (normally Skip) so it's marked for installation. Use the Next button to download and install the packages.
   1. OpenSSH
   2. tcp_wrappers
   3. diffutils
   4. zlib
5. Wait for the install to complete and finish the installation.

Download the latest release of Apache HBase from the website. As the Apache HBase distributable is just a zipped archive, installation is as simple as unpacking the archive so it ends up in its final installation directory. Notice that HBase has to be installed in Cygwin and a good directory suggestion is to use /usr/local/ (or [Root directory]\usr\local in Windows slang). You should end up with a /usr/local/hbase-<version> installation in Cygwin.

One important thing to remember in shell scripting in general (i.e. *nix and Windows) is that managing, manipulating and assembling path names that contains spaces can be very hard, due to the need to escape and quote those characters and strings. So we try to stay away from spaces in path names. *nix environments can help us out here very easily by using symbolic links.

1. Create a link in /usr/local to the Java home directory by using the following command and substituting the name of your chosen Java environment:

   LN -s /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Java/<jre name> /usr/local/<jre name>

2. Test your java installation by changing directories to your Java folder CD /usr/local/<jre name> and issueing the command ./bin/java -version. This should output your version of the chosen JRE.

Configuring SSH is quite elaborate, but primarily a question of launching it by default as a Windows service.

1. On Windows Vista and above make sure you run the Cygwin shell with elevated privileges, by right-clicking on the shortcut an using Run as Administrator.
2. First of all, we have to make sure the rights on some crucial files are correct. Use the commands underneath. You can verify all rights by using the LS -L command on the different files. Also, notice the auto-completion feature in the shell using <TAB> is extremely handy in these situations.
   1. chmod +r /etc/passwd to make the passwords file readable for all
   2. chmod u+w /etc/passwd to make the passwords file writable for the owner
   3. chmod +r /etc/group to make the groups file readable for all
   1. chmod u+w /etc/group to make the groups file writable for the owner
   1. chmod 755 /var to make the var folder writable to owner and readable and executable to all
3. Edit the /etc/hosts.allow file using your favorite editor (why not VI in the shell!) and make sure the following two lines are in there before the PARANOID line:
   1. ALL : localhost 127.0.0.1/32 : allow
   2. ALL : [::1]/128 : allow
4. Next we have to configure SSH by using the script ssh-host-config
   1. If this script asks to overwrite an existing /etc/ssh_config, answer yes.
   2. If this script asks to overwrite an existing /etc/sshd_config, answer yes.
   3. If this script asks to use privilege separation, answer yes.
   4. If this script asks to install sshd as a service, answer yes. Make sure you started your shell as Adminstrator!
   5. If this script asks for the CYGWIN value, just <enter> as the default is ntsec.
   6. If this script asks to create the sshd account, answer yes.
   7. If this script asks to use a different user name as service account, answer no as the default will suffice.
   8. If this script asks to create the cyg_server account, answer yes. Enter a password for the account.
5. Start the SSH service using net start sshd or cygrunsrv --start sshd. Notice that cygrunsrv is the utility that make the process run as a Windows service. Confirm that you see a message stating that the CYGWIN sshd service was started succesfully.
6. Harmonize Windows and Cygwin user account by using the commands:
   1. mkpasswd -cl > /etc/passwd
   2. mkgroup --local > /etc/group
7. Test the installation of SSH:
   1. Open a new Cygwin terminal
   2. Use the command whoami to verify your userID
   3. Issue an ssh localhost to connect to the system itself
      1. Answer yes when presented with the server's fingerprint
      2. Issue your password when prompted
      3. test a few commands in the remote session
      4. The exit command should take you back to your first shell in Cygwin
   4. Exit should terminate the Cygwin shell.

1. HBase uses the ./conf/hbase-env.sh to configure its dependencies on the runtime environment. Copy and uncomment following lines just underneath their original, change them to fit your environemnt. They should read something like:
   1. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/<jre name>
   2. export HBASE_IDENT_STRING=$HOSTNAME as this most likely does not inlcude spaces.
2. HBase uses the ./conf/hbase-default.xml file for configuration. Some properties do not resolve to existing directories because the JVM runs on Windows. This is the major issue to keep in mind when working with Cygwin: within the shell all paths are *nix-alike, hence relative to the root /. However, every parameter that is to be consumed within the windows processes themself, need to be Windows settings, hence C:\-alike. Change following propeties in the configuration file, adjusting paths where necessary to conform with your own installation:
   1. hbase.rootdir must read e.g. file:///C:/cygwin/root/tmp/hbase/data
   2. hbase.tmp.dir must read C:/cygwin/root/tmp/hbase/tmp
   3. hbase.zookeeper.quorum must read 127.0.0.1 because for some reason localhost doesn't seem to resolve properly on Cygwin.
3. Make sure the configured hbase.rootdir and hbase.tmp.dir directories exist and have the proper rights set up e.g. by issuing a chmod 777 on them.