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<title>Apache Lucene - Plan for enhancements to Lucene</title>
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<p><strong>About</strong></p>
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<li> <a href="./index.html">Overview</a>
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<a name="Purpose"><strong>Purpose</strong></a>
</font>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<blockquote>
<p>
The purpose of this document is to outline plans for
making <a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/lucene">
Apache Lucene</a> work as a more general drop-in
component. It makes the assumption that this is an
objective for the Lucene user and development community.
</p>
<p>
The best reference is <a href="http://www.htdig.org">
htDig</a>, though it is not quite as sophisticated as
Lucene, it has a number of features that make it
desirable. It however is a traditional c-compiled app
which makes it somewhat unpleasant to install on some
platforms (like Solaris!).
</p>
<p>
This plan is being submitted to the Lucene developer
community for an initial reaction, advice, feedback and
consent. Following this it will be submitted to the
Lucene user community for support. Although, I'm (Andy
Oliver) capable of providing these enhancements by
myself, I'd of course prefer to work on them in concert
with others.
</p>
<p>
While I'm outlaying a fairly large feature set, these can
be implemented incrementally of course (and are probably
best if done that way).
</p>
</blockquote>
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<a name="Goal and Objectives"><strong>Goal and Objectives</strong></a>
</font>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<blockquote>
<p>
The goal is to provide features to Lucene that allow it
to be used as a drop-in search engine. It should provide
many of the features of projects like <a href="http://www.htdig.org">htDig</a> while surpassing
them with unique Lucene features and capabilities such as
easy installation on and java-supporting platform,
and support for document fields and field searches. And
of course, <a href="http://apache.org/LICENSE">
a pragmatic software license</a>.
</p>
<p>
To reach this goal we'll implement code to support the
following objectives that augment but do not replace
the current Lucene feature set.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Document Location Independence - meaning mapping
real contexts to runtime contexts.
Essentially, if the document is at
/var/www/htdocs/mydoc.html, I probably want it
indexed as
http://www.bigevilmegacorp.com/mydoc.html.
</li>
<li>
Standard methods of creating central indicies -
file system indexing is probably less useful in
many environments than is *remote* indexing (for
instance http). I would suggest that most folks
would prefer that general functionality be
supported by Lucene instead of having to write
code for every indexing project. Obviously, if
what they are doing is *special* they'll have to
code, but general document indexing across
web servers would not qualify.
</li>
<li>
Document interpretation abstraction - currently
one must handle document object construction via
custom code. A standard interface for plugging
in format handlers should be supported.
</li>
<li>
Mime and file-extension to document
interpretation mapping.
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</p>
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<font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<a name="Crawlers"><strong>Crawlers</strong></a>
</font>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<blockquote>
<p>
Crawlers are data source executable code. They crawl a file
system, ftp site, web site, etc. to create the index.
These standard crawlers may not make ALL of Lucene's
functionality available, though they should be able to
make most of it available through configuration.
</p>
<p>
<b> Abstract Crawler </b>
</p>
<p>
The AbstractCrawler is basically the parent for all
Crawler classes. It provides implementation for the
following functions/properties:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
index path - where to write the index.
</li>
<li>
cui - create or update the index
</li>
<li>
root context - the start of the pathname
that should be replaced by the
replace with property or dropped
entirely. Example: /opt/tomcat/webapps
</li>
<li>
replace with - when specified replaces
the root context. Example:
http://jakarta.apache.org.
</li>
<li>
replacement type - the type of
replace with path: relative, URL or
path.
</li>
<li>
location - the location to start
indexing at.
</li>
<li>
doctypes - only index documents with
these doctypes. If not specified all
registered mime-types are used.
Example: "xml,doc,html"
</li>
<li>
recursive - if not specified is turned
off.
</li>
<li>
level - optional level of directory or
links to traverse. By default is
assumed to be infinite. Recursive must
be turned on or this is ignored. Range:
0 - Long.MAX_VALUE.
</li>
<li>
SleeptimeBetweenCalls - can be used to
avoid flooding a machine with too many
requests
</li>
<li>
RequestTimeout - kill the crawler
request after the specified period of
inactivity.
</li>
<li>
IncludeFilter - include only items
matching filter. (can occur multiple
times)
</li>
<li>
ExcludeFilter - exclude only items
matching filter. (can occur multiple
times)
</li>
<li>
ExpandOnly - use but do not index items
that match this pattern (regex?) (can
occur multiple times)
</li>
<li>
NoExpand - Index but do not follow the
links in items that match this pattern
(regex?) (can occur multiple times)
</li>
<li>
MaxItems - stops indexing after x
documents have been indexed.
</li>
<li>
MaxMegs - stops indexing after x megs
have been indexed.. (should this be in
specific crawlers?)
</li>
<li>
properties - in addition to the settings
(probably from the command line) read
this properties file and get them from
it. Command line options override
the properties file in the case of
duplicates. There should also be an
environment variable or VM parameter to
set this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>FileSystemCrawler</b>
</p>
<p>
This should extend the AbstractCrawler and
support any additional options required for a
file system index.
</p>
<p>
<b>HTTP Crawler </b>
</p>
<p>
Supports the AbstractCrawler options as well as:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
span hosts - Whether to span hosts or not,
by default this should be no.
</li>
<li>
restrict domains - (ignored if span
hosts is not enabled). Whether all
spanned hosts must be in the same domain
(default is off).
</li>
<li>
try directories - Whether to attempt
directory listings or not (so if you
recurse and go to
/nextcontext/index.html this option says
to also try /nextcontext to get the dir
listing)
</li>
<li>
map extensions -
(always/default/never/fallback). Whether
to always use extension mapping, by
default (fallback to mime type), NEVER
or fallback if mime is not available
(default).
</li>
<li>
ignore robots - ignore robots.txt, on or
off (default - off)
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</p>
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<a name="MIMEMap"><strong>MIMEMap</strong></a>
</font>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<blockquote>
<p>
A configurable registry of document types, their
description, an identifier, mime-type and file
extension. This should map both MIME -&gt; factory
and extension -&gt; factory.
</p>
<p>
This might be configured at compile time or by a
properties file, etc. For example:
</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
Description
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
Identifier
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
Extensions
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
MimeType
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
DocumentFactory
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
"Word Document"
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
"doc"
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
"doc"
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
"vnd.application/ms-word"
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
POIWordDocumentFactory
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
"HTML Document"
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
"html"
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
"html,htm"
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
&nbsp;
</font>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#a0ddf0" colspan="" rowspan="" valign="top" align="left">
<font color="#000000" size="-1" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
HTMLDocumentFactory
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><br/></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr><td bgcolor="#525D76">
<font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<a name="DocumentFactory"><strong>DocumentFactory</strong></a>
</font>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<blockquote>
<p>
An interface for classes which create document objects
for particular file types. Examples:
HTMLDocumentFactory, DOCDocumentFactory,
XLSDocumentFactory, XML DocumentFactory.
</p>
</blockquote>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><br/></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr><td bgcolor="#525D76">
<font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<a name="FieldMapping classes"><strong>FieldMapping classes</strong></a>
</font>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<blockquote>
<p>
A class that maps standard fields from the
DocumentFactories into *fields* in the Document objects
they create. I suggest that a regular expression system
or xpath might be the most universal way to do this.
For instance if perhaps I had an XML factory that
represented XML elements as fields, I could map content
from particular fields to their fields or suppress them
entirely. We could even make this configurable.
</p>
<p>
for example:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
htmldoc.properties
</li>
<li>
suppress=*
</li>
<li>
author=content:g/author\:\ ........................................./
</li>
<li>
author.suppress=false
</li>
<li>
title=content:g/title\:\ ........................................./
</li>
<li>
title.suppress=false
</li>
</ul>
<p>
In this example we map html documents such that all
fields are suppressed but author and title. We map
author and title to anything in the content matching
author: (and x characters). Okay my regular expresions
suck but hopefully you get the idea.
</p>
</blockquote>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><br/></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td bgcolor="#525D76">
<font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<a name="Final Thoughts"><strong>Final Thoughts</strong></a>
</font>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<blockquote>
<p>
We might also consider eliminating the DocumentFactory
entirely by making an AbstractDocument from which the
current document object would inherit from. I
experimented with this locally, and it was a relatively
minor code change and there was of course no difference
in performance. The Document Factory classes would
instead be instances of various subclasses of
AbstractDocument.
</p>
<p>
My inspiration for this is HTDig (http://www.htdig.org/).
While this goes slightly beyond what HTDig provides by
providing field mapping (where HTDIG is just interested
in Strings/numbers wherever they are found), it provides
at least what I would need to use this as a drop-in for
most places I contract at (with the obvious exception of
a default set of content handlers which would of course
develop naturally over time).
</p>
<p>
I am able to certainly contribute to this effort if the
development community is open to it. I'd suggest we do
it iteratively in stages and not aim for all of this at
once (for instance leave out the field mapping at first).
</p>
<p>
Anyhow, please give me some feedback, counter
suggestions, let me know if I'm way off base or out of
line, etc. -Andy
</p>
</blockquote>
</p>
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