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docs - solr tutorial updates 

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
<meta content="Apache Forrest" name="Generator">
<meta name="Forrest-version" content="0.8">
<meta name="Forrest-skin-name" content="lucene">
<title>Solr tutorial (version 1.3.0.2009.08.25.11.23.42)</title>
<title>Solr tutorial (version 1.4.0.2009.10.23.15.03.16)</title>
<link type="text/css" href="skin/basic.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link media="screen" type="text/css" href="skin/screen.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link media="print" type="text/css" href="skin/print.css" rel="stylesheet">
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ document.write("Last Published: " + document.lastModified);
</div>
<div id="credit">
<hr>
This document is for Apache Solr version 1.3.0.2009.08.25.11.23.42. If you are using a different version of Solr, please consult the documentation that was distributed with the version you are using.
This document is for Apache Solr version 1.4.0.2009.10.23.15.03.16. If you are using a different version of Solr, please consult the documentation that was distributed with the version you are using.
</div>
<div id="roundbottom">
<img style="display: none" class="corner" height="15" width="15" alt="" src="skin/images/rc-b-l-15-1body-2menu-3menu.png"></div>
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ document.write("Last Published: " + document.lastModified);
</div>
<h1>Solr tutorial</h1>
<div id="motd-area">
This document is for Apache Solr version 1.3.0.2009.08.25.11.23.42. If you are using a different version of Solr, please consult the documentation that was distributed with the version you are using.
This document is for Apache Solr version 1.4.0.2009.10.23.15.03.16. If you are using a different version of Solr, please consult the documentation that was distributed with the version you are using.
</div>
<div id="minitoc-area">
<ul class="minitoc">
@ -214,6 +214,12 @@ document.write("Last Published: " + document.lastModified);
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Highlighting">Highlighting</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Faceted+Search">Faceted Search</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Text+Analysis">Text Analysis</a>
<ul class="minitoc">
<li>
@ -247,26 +253,23 @@ To follow along with this tutorial, you will need...
<ol>
<li>Java 1.5 or greater. Some places you can get it are from
<a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/downloads.html">OpenJDK</a>,
<a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/downloads.html">Sun</a>,
<a href="http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/">IBM</a>, or
<a href="http://www.bea.com/jrockit/">BEA</a>.
<a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/">IBM</a>, or
<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jrockit/index.html">Oracle</a>.
<br>
Running <span class="codefrag">java -version</span> at the command line should indicate a version
number starting with 1.5.
number starting with 1.5. Gnu's GCJ is not supported and does not work with Solr.
</li>
<li>A <a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/lucene/solr/">Solr release</a>.
</li>
<li>FireFox or Mozilla is the preferred browser to view the admin pages, as
the current stylesheet doesn't look good on Internet Explorer.
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<a name="N10042"></a><a name="Getting+Started"></a>
<a name="N10043"></a><a name="Getting+Started"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Getting Started</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
@ -276,33 +279,32 @@ Please run the browser showing this tutorial and the Solr server on the same mac
</p>
<p>
Begin by unziping the Solr release and changing your working directory
to be the "<span class="codefrag">example</span>" directory. (Note that the base directory name may vary with the version of Solr downloaded.)
to be the "<span class="codefrag">example</span>" directory. (Note that the base directory name may vary with the version of Solr downloaded.) For example, with a shell in UNIX, Cygwin, or MacOS:
</p>
<pre class="code">
chrish@asimov:~solr$ ls
user:~solr$ <strong>ls</strong>
solr-nightly.zip
chrish@asimov:~solr$ unzip -q solr-nightly.zip
chrish@asimov:~solr$ cd solr-nightly/example/
user:~solr$ <strong>unzip -q solr-nightly.zip</strong>
user:~solr$ <strong>cd solr-nightly/example/</strong>
</pre>
<p>
Solr can run in any Java Servlet Container of your choice, but to simplify
this tutorial, the example index includes a small installation of Jetty. In order to compile JSPs, this version of Jetty requires that you run "java" from a JDK, not from a JRE.
this tutorial, the example index includes a small installation of Jetty.
</p>
<p>
To launch Jetty with the Solr WAR, and the example configs, just run the <span class="codefrag">start.jar</span> ...
</p>
<pre class="code">
chrish@asimov:~/solr/example$ java -jar start.jar
1 [main] INFO org.mortbay.log - Logging to org.slf4j.impl.SimpleLogger@1f436f5 via org.mortbay.log.Slf4jLog
334 [main] INFO org.mortbay.log - Extract jar:file:/home/chrish/solr/example/webapps/solr.war!/ to /tmp/Jetty__solr/webapp
Feb 24, 2006 5:54:52 PM org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrServlet init
INFO: user.dir=/home/chrish/solr/example
Feb 24, 2006 5:54:52 PM org.apache.solr.core.SolrConfig &lt;clinit&gt;
INFO: Loaded Config solrconfig.xml
user:~/solr/example$ <strong>java -jar start.jar</strong>
2009-10-23 16:42:53.816::INFO: Logging to STDERR via org.mortbay.log.StdErrLog
2009-10-23 16:42:53.907::INFO: jetty-6.1.3
...
1656 [main] INFO org.mortbay.log - Started SelectChannelConnector @ 0.0.0.0:8983
Oct 23, 2009 4:41:56 PM org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore registerSearcher
INFO: [] Registered new searcher Searcher@7c3885 main
</pre>
<p>
This will start up the Jetty application server on port 8983, and use your terminal to display the logging information from Solr.
@ -315,24 +317,27 @@ You can see that the Solr is running by loading <a href="http://localhost:8983/s
<a name="N1006E"></a><a name="Indexing+Data"></a>
<a name="N1007B"></a><a name="Indexing+Data"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Indexing Data</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
Your Solr server is up and running, but it doesn't contain any data. You can modify a Solr index by POSTing XML Documents containing
instructions to add (or update) documents, delete documents, commit pending adds and deletes, and optimize your index.
Your Solr server is up and running, but it doesn't contain any data. You can
modify a Solr index by POSTing XML Documents containing instructions to add (or
update) documents, delete documents, commit pending adds and deletes, and
optimize your index.
</p>
<p>
The <span class="codefrag">exampledocs</span> directory contains samples of the types of instructions Solr expects, as well as a java utility for posting
them from the command line (a <span class="codefrag">post.sh</span> shell script is also available, but for this tutorial we'll use the cross-platform Java
client).
</p>
<p>
To try this, open a new terminal window, enter the exampledocs directory, and run "<span class="codefrag">java -jar post.jar</span>" on some of the
XML files in that directory, indicating the URL of the Solr server:
The <span class="codefrag">exampledocs</span> directory contains samples of the types of
instructions Solr expects, as well as a java utility for posting them from the
command line (a <span class="codefrag">post.sh</span> shell script is also available, but for
this tutorial we'll use the cross-platform Java client). </p>
<p> To try this,
open a new terminal window, enter the exampledocs directory, and run
"<span class="codefrag">java -jar post.jar</span>" on some of the XML files in that directory,
indicating the URL of the Solr server:
</p>
<pre class="code">
chrish@asimov:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ java -jar post.jar solr.xml monitor.xml
user:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ <strong>java -jar post.jar solr.xml monitor.xml</strong>
SimplePostTool: version 1.2
SimplePostTool: WARNING: Make sure your XML documents are encoded in UTF-8, other encodings are not currently supported
SimplePostTool: POSTing files to http://localhost:8983/solr/update..
@ -347,14 +352,14 @@ Clicking the "Search" button should take you to the following URL...
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?stylesheet=&q=solr&version=2.1&start=0&rows=10&indent=on">http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?stylesheet=&amp;q=solr&amp;version=2.1&amp;start=0&amp;rows=10&amp;indent=on</a>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=solr&version=2.2&start=0&rows=10&indent=on">http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=solr&amp;version=2.2&amp;start=0&amp;rows=10&amp;indent=on</a>
</p>
<p>
You can index all of the sample data, using the following command (assuming your shell supports the *.xml notation):
</p>
<pre class="code">
chrish@asimov:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ java -jar post.jar *.xml
user:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ <strong>java -jar post.jar *.xml</strong>
SimplePostTool: version 1.2
SimplePostTool: WARNING: Make sure your XML documents are encoded in UTF-8, other encodings are not currently supported
SimplePostTool: POSTing files to http://localhost:8983/solr/update..
@ -373,30 +378,56 @@ SimplePostTool: POSTing file vidcard.xml
SimplePostTool: COMMITting Solr index changes..
</pre>
<p>
...and now you can search for all sorts of things using the default <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrQuerySyntax">Solr Query Syntax</a> (an extension of the Lucene QueryParser)...
...and now you can search for all sorts of things using the default <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrQuerySyntax">Solr Query Syntax</a> (a superset of the Lucene query syntax)...
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?version=2.1&indent=on&q=video">video</a>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=video">video</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?version=2.1&indent=on&q=name:video">name:video</a>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=name:video">name:video</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?version=2.1&indent=on&q=%2Bvideo+%2Bprice%3A[*+TO+400]">+video +price:[* TO 400]</a>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=%2Bvideo+%2Bprice%3A[*+TO+400]">+video +price:[* TO 400]</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>
There are many other different ways to import your data into Solr... one can
</p>
<ul>
<li>Import records from a database using the
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DataImportHandler">Data Import Handler (DIH)</a>.
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateCSV">Load a CSV file</a> (comma separated values),
including those exported by Excel or MySQL.
</li>
<li>Index binary documents such as Word and PDF with
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/ExtractingRequestHandler">Solr Cell</a> (ExtractingRequestHandler).
</li>
<li>
Use <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/Solrj">SolrJ</a> for Java or other Solr clients to
programatically create documents to send to Solr.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<a name="N100B5"></a><a name="Updating+Data"></a>
<a name="N100EB"></a><a name="Updating+Data"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Updating Data</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
@ -405,23 +436,30 @@ been POSTed to the server twice, you still only get 1 result when searching for
"solr". This is because the example schema.xml specifies a "uniqueKey" field
called "<span class="codefrag">id</span>". Whenever you POST instructions to Solr to add a
document with the same value for the uniqueKey as an existing document, it
automaticaly replaces it for you. You can see that that has happened by
automatically replaces it for you. You can see that that has happened by
looking at the values for <span class="codefrag">numDocs</span> and <span class="codefrag">maxDoc</span> in the
"CORE" section of the statistics page... </p>
"CORE"/searcher section of the statistics page... </p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/stats.jsp">http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/stats.jsp</a>
</p>
<p>
numDoc should be 16 (because some of our 11 example XML files contain more than one <span class="codefrag">&lt;doc&gt;</span>), but maxDoc may be larger as
the maxDoc count includes logically deleted documents that have not yet been removed from the index. You can re-post the sample XML
files over and over again as much as you want and numDocs will never increase,because the new documents will constantly be replacing the old.
<strong>numDocs</strong> represents the number of searchable documents in the
index (and will be larger than the number of XML files since some files
contained more than one <span class="codefrag">&lt;doc&gt;</span>). <strong>maxDoc</strong>
may be larger as the maxDoc count includes logically deleted documents that
have not yet been removed from the index. You can re-post the sample XML
files over and over again as much as you want and numDocs will never
increase,because the new documents will constantly be replacing the old.
</p>
<p>
Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run the <span class="codefrag">java -jar post.jar</span> command, you'll see your changes reflected in subsequent searches.
Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
the <span class="codefrag">java -jar post.jar</span> command, you'll see your changes reflected
in subsequent searches.
</p>
<a name="N100DD"></a><a name="Deleting+Data"></a>
<a name="N10119"></a><a name="Deleting+Data"></a>
<h3 class="boxed">Deleting Data</h3>
<p>You can delete data by POSTing a delete command to the update URL and specifying the value
of the document's unique key field, or a query that matches multiple documents (be careful with that one!). Since these commands
@ -430,9 +468,9 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<p>Execute the following command to delete a document</p>
<pre class="code">java -Ddata=args -Dcommit=no -jar post.jar "&lt;delete&gt;&lt;id&gt;SP2514N&lt;/id&gt;&lt;/delete&gt;"</pre>
<p>Now if you go to the <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/stats.jsp">statistics</a> page and scroll down
to the UPDATE_HANDLERS section and verify that "<span class="codefrag">deletesPending : 1</span>"</p>
to the UPDATE_HANDLERS section and verify that "<span class="codefrag">deletesById : 1</span>"</p>
<p>If you search for <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select?q=id:SP2514N">id:SP2514N</a> it will still be found,
because index changes are not visible until changes are flushed to disk, and a new searcher is opened. To cause
because index changes are not visible until, and a new searcher is opened. To cause
this to happen, send a commit command to Solr (post.jar does this for you by default):</p>
<pre class="code">java -jar post.jar</pre>
<p>Now re-execute the previous search and verify that no matching documents are found. Also revisit the
@ -440,7 +478,7 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<p>Here is an example of using delete-by-query to delete anything with
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select?q=name:DDR&fl=name">DDR</a> in the name:</p>
<pre class="code">java -Ddata=args -jar post.jar "&lt;delete&gt;&lt;query&gt;name:DDR&lt;/query&gt;&lt;/delete&gt;"</pre>
<p>Commit can be a very expensive operation so it's best to make many changes to an index in a batch and
<p>Commit can be an expensive operation so it's best to make many changes to an index in a batch and
then send the commit command at the end. There is also an optimize command that does the same thing as commit,
in addition to merging all index segments into a single segment, making it faster to search and causing any
deleted documents to be removed. All of the update commands are documented <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateXmlMessages">here</a>.
@ -450,7 +488,7 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
</div>
<a name="N10123"></a><a name="Querying+Data"></a>
<a name="N1015F"></a><a name="Querying+Data"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Querying Data</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
@ -471,14 +509,17 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=video&fl=*,score">q=video&amp;fl=*,score</a> (return all stored fields, as well as relevancy score) </li>
<li>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=video&sort=price desc&fl=name,id">q=video&amp;sort=price desc&amp;fl=name,id</a> (add sort specification: sort by price descending) </li>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=video&sort=price desc&fl=name,id,price">q=video&amp;sort=price desc&amp;fl=name,id,price</a> (add sort specification: sort by price descending) </li>
<li>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=video&wt=json">q=video&amp;wt=json</a> (return response in JSON format) </li>
</ul>
<p>
Solr provides a <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/form.jsp">query form</a> within the web admin interface
that allows setting the various request parameters and is useful when trying out or debugging queries.
</p>
<a name="N10152"></a><a name="Sorting"></a>
<a name="N10194"></a><a name="Sorting"></a>
<h3 class="boxed">Sorting</h3>
<p>
Solr provides a simple method to sort on one or more indexed fields.
@ -514,12 +555,99 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
</ul>
<p>
If no sort is specified, the default is <span class="codefrag">score desc</span>, the same as in the Lucene search APIs.
If no sort is specified, the default is <span class="codefrag">score desc</span> to return the matches having the highest relevancy.
</p>
</div>
<a name="N10185"></a><a name="Text+Analysis"></a>
<a name="N101C7"></a><a name="Highlighting"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Highlighting</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
Hit highlighting returns relevent snippets of each returned document, and highlights
keywords from the query within those context snippets.
</p>
<p>
The following example searches for <span class="codefrag">video card</span> and requests
highlighting on the fields <span class="codefrag">name,features</span>. This causes a
<span class="codefrag">highlighting</span> section to be added to the response with the
words to highlight surrounded with <span class="codefrag">&lt;em&gt;</span> (for emphasis)
tags.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&indent=on&q=video+card&fl=name,id&hl=true&hl.fl=name,features">q=video card&amp;fl=name,id&amp;hl=true&amp;hl.fl=name,features</a>
</p>
<p>
More request parameters related to controlling highlighting may be found
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/HighlightingParameters">here</a>.
</p>
</div> <!-- highlighting -->
<a name="N101F0"></a><a name="Faceted+Search"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Faceted Search</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
Faceted search takes the documents matched by a query and generates counts for various
properties or categories. Links are usually provided that allows users to "drill down" or
refine their search results based on the returned categories.
</p>
<p>
The following example searches for all documents (<span class="codefrag">*:*</span>) and
requests counts by the category field <span class="codefrag">cat</span>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&indent=on&q=*:*&fl=name&facet=true&facet.field=cat">q=*:*&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.field=cat</a>
</p>
<p>
Notice that although only the first 10 documents are returned in the results list,
the facet counts generated are for the complete set of documents that match the query.
</p>
<p>
We can facet multile ways at the same time. The following example adds in a facet on the
boolean <span class="codefrag">inStock</span> field:
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&indent=on&q=*:*&fl=name&facet=true&facet.field=cat&facet.field=inStock">q=*:*&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.field=cat&amp;facet.field=inStock</a>
</p>
<p>
Solr can also generate counts for arbitrary queries. The following example
queries for <span class="codefrag">ipod</span> and shows prices below and above 100 by using
range queries on the price field.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&indent=on&q=ipod&fl=name&facet=true&facet.query=price:[0+TO+100]&facet.query=price:[100+TO+*]">q=ipod&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.query=price:[0 TO 100]&amp;facet.query=price:[100 TO *]</a>
</p>
<p>
One can even facet by date ranges. This example requests counts for the manufacture date (<span class="codefrag">manufacturedate_dt</span> field) for each year between 2004 and 2010.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&indent=on&q=*:*&fl=name,manufacturedate_dt&facet=true&facet.date=manufacturedate_dt&facet.date.start=2004-01-01T00:00:00Z&facet.date.end=2010-01-01T00:00:00Z&facet.date.gap=%2b1YEAR">q=*:*&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.date=manufacturedate_dt&amp;facet.date.start=2004-01-01T00:00:00Z&amp;facet.date.end=2010-01-01T00:00:00Z&amp;facet.date.gap=+1YEAR</a>
</p>
<p>
More information on faceted search may be found on the
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrFacetingOverview">faceting overview</a>
and
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SimpleFacetParameters">faceting parameters</a>
pages.
</p>
</div> <!-- faceted search -->
<a name="N10241"></a><a name="Text+Analysis"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Text Analysis</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
@ -539,16 +667,14 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<li>A search for
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=name:printers&fl=name">name:printers</a>
matches <span class="codefrag">Printer</span>, and
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=features:recharging&fl=name,features">features:recharging</a>
matches <span class="codefrag">Rechargeable</span> due to stemming with the EnglishPorterFilter.
</li>
<li>A search for
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=%221+gigabyte%22&fl=name">"1 gigabyte"</a>
matches things with <span class="codefrag">GB</span>, and
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=%221 gigabyte%22&fl=name">"1 gigabyte"</a>
matches things with <span class="codefrag">GB</span>, and the misspelled
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&q=pixima&fl=name">pixima</a>
matches <span class="codefrag">Pixma</span> due to use of a SynonymFilter.
</li>
@ -563,7 +689,7 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<p>A full description of the analysis components, Analyzers, Tokenizers, and TokenFilters
available for use is <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/AnalyzersTokenizersTokenFilters">here</a>.
</p>
<a name="N101DC"></a><a name="Analysis+Debugging"></a>
<a name="N10291"></a><a name="Analysis+Debugging"></a>
<h3 class="boxed">Analysis Debugging</h3>
<p>There is a handy <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp">analysis</a>
debugging page where you can see how a text value is broken down into words,
@ -571,17 +697,17 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&val=Canon+PowerShot+SD500">This</a>
shows how "<span class="codefrag">Canon PowerShot SD500</span>" would be indexed as a value in the name field. Each row of
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&val=Canon+Power-Shot+SD500">This</a>
shows how "<span class="codefrag">Canon Power-Shot SD500</span>" would be indexed as a value in the name field. Each row of
the table shows the resulting tokens after having passed through the next TokenFilter in the Analyzer for the <span class="codefrag">name</span> field.
Notice how both <span class="codefrag">powershot</span> and <span class="codefrag">power</span>, <span class="codefrag">shot</span> are indexed. Tokens generated at the same position
are shown in the same column, in this case <span class="codefrag">shot</span> and <span class="codefrag">powershot</span>.
</p>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&verbose=on&val=Canon+PowerShot+SD500">verbose output</a>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&verbose=on&val=Canon+Power-Shot+SD500">verbose output</a>
will show more details, such as the name of each analyzer component in the chain, token positions, and the start and end positions
of the token in the original text.
</p>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&highlight=on&val=Canon+PowerShot+SD500&qval=power-shot">highlight matches</a>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&highlight=on&val=Canon+Power-Shot+SD500&qval=Powershot sd-500">highlight matches</a>
when both index and query values are provided will take the resulting terms from the query value and highlight
all matches in the index value analysis.
</p>
@ -592,11 +718,14 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
</div>
<a name="N1021B"></a><a name="Conclusion"></a>
<a name="N102D0"></a><a name="Conclusion"></a>
<h2 class="boxed">Conclusion</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
Congratulations! You successfully ran a small Solr instance, added some documents, and made changes to the index. You learned about queries, text analysis, and the Solr admin interface. You're ready to start using Solr on your own project! Continue on with the following steps:
Congratulations! You successfully ran a small Solr instance, added some
documents, and made changes to the index. You learned about queries, text
analysis, and the Solr admin interface. You're ready to start using Solr on
your own project! Continue on with the following steps:
</p>
<ul>
@ -607,6 +736,18 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<li>Customize the schema and other config in solr/conf/ to meet your needs.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Solr as a ton of other features that we haven't touched on here, including
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DistributedSearch">distributed search</a>
to handle huge document collections,
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/FunctionQuery">function queries</a>,
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/StatsComponent">numeric field statistics</a>,
and
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/ClusteringComponent">search results clustering</a>.
Explore the <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/">Solr Wiki</a> to find out
more details about Solr's many
<a href="features.html">features</a>.
</p>
<p>
Have Fun, and we'll see you on the Solr mailing lists!
</p>

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@ -46,18 +46,16 @@ To follow along with this tutorial, you will need...
<ol>
<li>Java 1.5 or greater. Some places you can get it are from
<a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/downloads.html">OpenJDK</a>,
<a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/downloads.html">Sun</a>,
<a href="http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/">IBM</a>, or
<a href="http://www.bea.com/jrockit/">BEA</a>.
<a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/">IBM</a>, or
<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jrockit/index.html">Oracle</a>.
<br/>
Running <code>java -version</code> at the command line should indicate a version
number starting with 1.5.
number starting with 1.5. Gnu's GCJ is not supported and does not work with Solr.
</li>
<li>A <a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/lucene/solr/">Solr release</a>.
</li>
<li>FireFox or Mozilla is the preferred browser to view the admin pages, as
the current stylesheet doesn't look good on Internet Explorer.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
@ -68,35 +66,33 @@ Please run the browser showing this tutorial and the Solr server on the same mac
</strong></p>
<p>
Begin by unziping the Solr release and changing your working directory
to be the "<code>example</code>" directory. (Note that the base directory name may vary with the version of Solr downloaded.)
to be the "<code>example</code>" directory. (Note that the base directory name may vary with the version of Solr downloaded.) For example, with a shell in UNIX, Cygwin, or MacOS:
</p>
<source>
chrish@asimov:~solr$ ls
user:~solr$ <strong>ls</strong>
solr-nightly.zip
chrish@asimov:~solr$ unzip -q solr-nightly.zip
chrish@asimov:~solr$ cd solr-nightly/example/
user:~solr$ <strong>unzip -q solr-nightly.zip</strong>
user:~solr$ <strong>cd solr-nightly/example/</strong>
</source>
<p>
Solr can run in any Java Servlet Container of your choice, but to simplify
this tutorial, the example index includes a small installation of Jetty. In order to compile JSPs, this version of Jetty requires that you run "java" from a JDK, not from a JRE.
this tutorial, the example index includes a small installation of Jetty.
</p>
<p>
To launch Jetty with the Solr WAR, and the example configs, just run the <code>start.jar</code> ...
</p>
<source>
chrish@asimov:~/solr/example$ java -jar start.jar
1 [main] INFO org.mortbay.log - Logging to org.slf4j.impl.SimpleLogger@1f436f5 via org.mortbay.log.Slf4jLog
334 [main] INFO org.mortbay.log - Extract jar:file:/home/chrish/solr/example/webapps/solr.war!/ to /tmp/Jetty__solr/webapp
Feb 24, 2006 5:54:52 PM org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrServlet init
INFO: user.dir=/home/chrish/solr/example
Feb 24, 2006 5:54:52 PM org.apache.solr.core.SolrConfig &lt;clinit&gt;
INFO: Loaded Config solrconfig.xml
user:~/solr/example$ <strong>java -jar start.jar</strong>
2009-10-23 16:42:53.816::INFO: Logging to STDERR via org.mortbay.log.StdErrLog
2009-10-23 16:42:53.907::INFO: jetty-6.1.3
...
1656 [main] INFO org.mortbay.log - Started SelectChannelConnector @ 0.0.0.0:8983
Oct 23, 2009 4:41:56 PM org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore registerSearcher
INFO: [] Registered new searcher Searcher@7c3885 main
</source>
<p>
This will start up the Jetty application server on port 8983, and use your terminal to display the logging information from Solr.
@ -114,21 +110,23 @@ You can see that the Solr is running by loading <a href="http://localhost:8983/s
<title>Indexing Data</title>
<p>
Your Solr server is up and running, but it doesn't contain any data. You can modify a Solr index by POSTing XML Documents containing
instructions to add (or update) documents, delete documents, commit pending adds and deletes, and optimize your index.
Your Solr server is up and running, but it doesn't contain any data. You can
modify a Solr index by POSTing XML Documents containing instructions to add (or
update) documents, delete documents, commit pending adds and deletes, and
optimize your index.
</p>
<p>
The <code>exampledocs</code> directory contains samples of the types of instructions Solr expects, as well as a java utility for posting
them from the command line (a <code>post.sh</code> shell script is also available, but for this tutorial we'll use the cross-platform Java
client).
</p>
<p>
To try this, open a new terminal window, enter the exampledocs directory, and run "<code>java -jar post.jar</code>" on some of the
XML files in that directory, indicating the URL of the Solr server:
The <code>exampledocs</code> directory contains samples of the types of
instructions Solr expects, as well as a java utility for posting them from the
command line (a <code>post.sh</code> shell script is also available, but for
this tutorial we'll use the cross-platform Java client). </p> <p> To try this,
open a new terminal window, enter the exampledocs directory, and run
"<code>java -jar post.jar</code>" on some of the XML files in that directory,
indicating the URL of the Solr server:
</p>
<source>
chrish@asimov:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ java -jar post.jar solr.xml monitor.xml
user:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ <strong>java -jar post.jar solr.xml monitor.xml</strong>
SimplePostTool: version 1.2
SimplePostTool: WARNING: Make sure your XML documents are encoded in UTF-8, other encodings are not currently supported
SimplePostTool: POSTing files to http://localhost:8983/solr/update..
@ -143,7 +141,7 @@ You can now search for "solr" using the "Make a Query" interface on the Admin sc
Clicking the "Search" button should take you to the following URL...
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?stylesheet=&amp;q=solr&amp;version=2.1&amp;start=0&amp;rows=10&amp;indent=on">http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?stylesheet=&amp;q=solr&amp;version=2.1&amp;start=0&amp;rows=10&amp;indent=on</a>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=solr&amp;version=2.2&amp;start=0&amp;rows=10&amp;indent=on">http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=solr&amp;version=2.2&amp;start=0&amp;rows=10&amp;indent=on</a>
</p>
<p>
@ -151,7 +149,7 @@ You can index all of the sample data, using the following command (assuming your
</p>
<source>
chrish@asimov:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ java -jar post.jar *.xml
user:~/solr/example/exampledocs$ <strong>java -jar post.jar *.xml</strong>
SimplePostTool: version 1.2
SimplePostTool: WARNING: Make sure your XML documents are encoded in UTF-8, other encodings are not currently supported
SimplePostTool: POSTing files to http://localhost:8983/solr/update..
@ -171,12 +169,33 @@ SimplePostTool: COMMITting Solr index changes..
</source>
<p>
...and now you can search for all sorts of things using the default <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrQuerySyntax">Solr Query Syntax</a> (an extension of the Lucene QueryParser)...
...and now you can search for all sorts of things using the default <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrQuerySyntax">Solr Query Syntax</a> (a superset of the Lucene query syntax)...
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?version=2.1&amp;indent=on&amp;q=video">video</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?version=2.1&amp;indent=on&amp;q=name:video">name:video</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?version=2.1&amp;indent=on&amp;q=%2Bvideo+%2Bprice%3A[*+TO+400]">+video +price:[* TO 400]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=video">video</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=name:video">name:video</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=%2Bvideo+%2Bprice%3A[*+TO+400]">+video +price:[* TO 400]</a></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>
There are many other different ways to import your data into Solr... one can
</p>
<ul>
<li>Import records from a database using the
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DataImportHandler">Data Import Handler (DIH)</a>.
</li>
<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateCSV">Load a CSV file</a> (comma separated values),
including those exported by Excel or MySQL.
</li>
<li>Index binary documents such as Word and PDF with
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/ExtractingRequestHandler">Solr Cell</a> (ExtractingRequestHandler).
</li>
<li>
Use <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/Solrj">SolrJ</a> for Java or other Solr clients to
programatically create documents to send to Solr.
</li>
</ul>
@ -193,20 +212,26 @@ been POSTed to the server twice, you still only get 1 result when searching for
"solr". This is because the example schema.xml specifies a "uniqueKey" field
called "<code>id</code>". Whenever you POST instructions to Solr to add a
document with the same value for the uniqueKey as an existing document, it
automaticaly replaces it for you. You can see that that has happened by
automatically replaces it for you. You can see that that has happened by
looking at the values for <code>numDocs</code> and <code>maxDoc</code> in the
"CORE" section of the statistics page... </p>
"CORE"/searcher section of the statistics page... </p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/stats.jsp">http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/stats.jsp</a>
</p>
<p>
numDoc should be 16 (because some of our 11 example XML files contain more than one <code>&lt;doc&gt;</code>), but maxDoc may be larger as
the maxDoc count includes logically deleted documents that have not yet been removed from the index. You can re-post the sample XML
files over and over again as much as you want and numDocs will never increase,because the new documents will constantly be replacing the old.
<strong>numDocs</strong> represents the number of searchable documents in the
index (and will be larger than the number of XML files since some files
contained more than one <code>&lt;doc&gt;</code>). <strong>maxDoc</strong>
may be larger as the maxDoc count includes logically deleted documents that
have not yet been removed from the index. You can re-post the sample XML
files over and over again as much as you want and numDocs will never
increase,because the new documents will constantly be replacing the old.
</p>
<p>
Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run the <code>java -jar post.jar</code> command, you'll see your changes reflected in subsequent searches.
Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
the <code>java -jar post.jar</code> command, you'll see your changes reflected
in subsequent searches.
</p>
<section>
@ -218,9 +243,9 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<p>Execute the following command to delete a document</p>
<source>java -Ddata=args -Dcommit=no -jar post.jar "&lt;delete>&lt;id>SP2514N&lt;/id>&lt;/delete>"</source>
<p>Now if you go to the <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/stats.jsp">statistics</a> page and scroll down
to the UPDATE_HANDLERS section and verify that "<code>deletesPending : 1</code>"</p>
to the UPDATE_HANDLERS section and verify that "<code>deletesById : 1</code>"</p>
<p>If you search for <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select?q=id:SP2514N">id:SP2514N</a> it will still be found,
because index changes are not visible until changes are flushed to disk, and a new searcher is opened. To cause
because index changes are not visible until, and a new searcher is opened. To cause
this to happen, send a commit command to Solr (post.jar does this for you by default):</p>
<source>java -jar post.jar</source>
<p>Now re-execute the previous search and verify that no matching documents are found. Also revisit the
@ -229,7 +254,7 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select?q=name:DDR&amp;fl=name">DDR</a> in the name:</p>
<source>java -Ddata=args -jar post.jar "&lt;delete>&lt;query>name:DDR&lt;/query>&lt;/delete>"</source>
<p>Commit can be a very expensive operation so it's best to make many changes to an index in a batch and
<p>Commit can be an expensive operation so it's best to make many changes to an index in a batch and
then send the commit command at the end. There is also an optimize command that does the same thing as commit,
in addition to merging all index segments into a single segment, making it faster to search and causing any
deleted documents to be removed. All of the update commands are documented <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateXmlMessages">here</a>.
@ -256,7 +281,8 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=video&amp;fl=name,id">q=video&amp;fl=name,id</a> (return only name and id fields) </li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=video&amp;fl=name,id,score">q=video&amp;fl=name,id,score</a> (return relevancy score as well) </li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=video&amp;fl=*,score">q=video&amp;fl=*,score</a> (return all stored fields, as well as relevancy score) </li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=video&amp;sort=price desc&amp;fl=name,id">q=video&amp;sort=price desc&amp;fl=name,id</a> (add sort specification: sort by price descending) </li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=video&amp;sort=price desc&amp;fl=name,id,price">q=video&amp;sort=price desc&amp;fl=name,id,price</a> (add sort specification: sort by price descending) </li>
<li><a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=video&amp;wt=json">q=video&amp;wt=json</a> (return response in JSON format) </li>
</ul>
<p>
@ -287,13 +313,94 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
</ul>
<p>
If no sort is specified, the default is <code>score desc</code>, the same as in the Lucene search APIs.
If no sort is specified, the default is <code>score desc</code> to return the matches having the highest relevancy.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Highlighting</title>
<p>
Hit highlighting returns relevent snippets of each returned document, and highlights
keywords from the query within those context snippets.
</p>
<p>
The following example searches for <code>video card</code> and requests
highlighting on the fields <code>name,features</code>. This causes a
<code>highlighting</code> section to be added to the response with the
words to highlight surrounded with <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> (for emphasis)
tags.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&amp;indent=on&amp;q=video+card&amp;fl=name,id&amp;hl=true&amp;hl.fl=name,features">q=video card&amp;fl=name,id&amp;hl=true&amp;hl.fl=name,features</a>
</p>
<p>
More request parameters related to controlling highlighting may be found
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/HighlightingParameters">here</a>.
</p>
</section> <!-- highlighting -->
<section>
<title>Faceted Search</title>
<p>
Faceted search takes the documents matched by a query and generates counts for various
properties or categories. Links are usually provided that allows users to "drill down" or
refine their search results based on the returned categories.
</p>
<p>
The following example searches for all documents (<code>*:*</code>) and
requests counts by the category field <code>cat</code>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&amp;indent=on&amp;q=*:*&amp;fl=name&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.field=cat">q=*:*&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.field=cat</a>
</p>
<p>
Notice that although only the first 10 documents are returned in the results list,
the facet counts generated are for the complete set of documents that match the query.
</p>
<p>
We can facet multile ways at the same time. The following example adds in a facet on the
boolean <code>inStock</code> field:
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&amp;indent=on&amp;q=*:*&amp;fl=name&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.field=cat&amp;facet.field=inStock">q=*:*&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.field=cat&amp;facet.field=inStock</a>
</p>
<p>
Solr can also generate counts for arbitrary queries. The following example
queries for <code>ipod</code> and shows prices below and above 100 by using
range queries on the price field.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&amp;indent=on&amp;q=ipod&amp;fl=name&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.query=price:[0+TO+100]&amp;facet.query=price:[100+TO+*]">q=ipod&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.query=price:[0 TO 100]&amp;facet.query=price:[100 TO *]</a>
</p>
<p>
One can even facet by date ranges. This example requests counts for the manufacture date (<code>manufacturedate_dt</code> field) for each year between 2004 and 2010.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?wt=json&amp;indent=on&amp;q=*:*&amp;fl=name,manufacturedate_dt&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.date=manufacturedate_dt&amp;facet.date.start=2004-01-01T00:00:00Z&amp;facet.date.end=2010-01-01T00:00:00Z&amp;facet.date.gap=%2b1YEAR">q=*:*&amp;facet=true&amp;facet.date=manufacturedate_dt&amp;facet.date.start=2004-01-01T00:00:00Z&amp;facet.date.end=2010-01-01T00:00:00Z&amp;facet.date.gap=+1YEAR</a>
</p>
<p>
More information on faceted search may be found on the
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrFacetingOverview">faceting overview</a>
and
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SimpleFacetParameters">faceting parameters</a>
pages.
</p>
</section> <!-- faceted search -->
<section>
<title>Text Analysis</title>
@ -313,15 +420,13 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
</li>
<li>A search for
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=name:printers&amp;fl=name">name:printers</a>
matches <code>Printer</code>, and
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=features:recharging&amp;fl=name,features">features:recharging</a>
matches <code>Rechargeable</code> due to stemming with the EnglishPorterFilter.
</li>
<li>A search for
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=&quot;1+gigabyte&quot;&amp;fl=name">"1 gigabyte"</a>
matches things with <code>GB</code>, and
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=&quot;1 gigabyte&quot;&amp;fl=name">"1 gigabyte"</a>
matches things with <code>GB</code>, and the misspelled
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?indent=on&amp;q=pixima&amp;fl=name">pixima</a>
matches <code>Pixma</code> due to use of a SynonymFilter.
</li>
@ -348,17 +453,17 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
and shows the resulting tokens after they pass through each filter in the chain.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&amp;val=Canon+PowerShot+SD500">This</a>
shows how "<code>Canon PowerShot SD500</code>" would be indexed as a value in the name field. Each row of
<a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&amp;val=Canon+Power-Shot+SD500">This</a>
shows how "<code>Canon Power-Shot SD500</code>" would be indexed as a value in the name field. Each row of
the table shows the resulting tokens after having passed through the next TokenFilter in the Analyzer for the <code>name</code> field.
Notice how both <code>powershot</code> and <code>power</code>, <code>shot</code> are indexed. Tokens generated at the same position
are shown in the same column, in this case <code>shot</code> and <code>powershot</code>.
</p>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&amp;verbose=on&amp;val=Canon+PowerShot+SD500">verbose output</a>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&amp;verbose=on&amp;val=Canon+Power-Shot+SD500">verbose output</a>
will show more details, such as the name of each analyzer component in the chain, token positions, and the start and end positions
of the token in the original text.
</p>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&amp;highlight=on&amp;val=Canon+PowerShot+SD500&amp;qval=power-shot">highlight matches</a>
<p>Selecting <a href="http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/analysis.jsp?name=name&amp;highlight=on&amp;val=Canon+Power-Shot+SD500&amp;qval=Powershot sd-500">highlight matches</a>
when both index and query values are provided will take the resulting terms from the query value and highlight
all matches in the index value analysis.
</p>
@ -371,7 +476,10 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<section>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>
Congratulations! You successfully ran a small Solr instance, added some documents, and made changes to the index. You learned about queries, text analysis, and the Solr admin interface. You're ready to start using Solr on your own project! Continue on with the following steps:
Congratulations! You successfully ran a small Solr instance, added some
documents, and made changes to the index. You learned about queries, text
analysis, and the Solr admin interface. You're ready to start using Solr on
your own project! Continue on with the following steps:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Subscribe to the Solr <a href="mailing_lists.html">mailing lists</a>!</li>
@ -379,6 +487,19 @@ Go ahead and edit the existing XML files to change some of the data, and re-run
<li>Customize the schema and other config in solr/conf/ to meet your needs.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Solr as a ton of other features that we haven't touched on here, including
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DistributedSearch">distributed search</a>
to handle huge document collections,
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/FunctionQuery">function queries</a>,
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/StatsComponent">numeric field statistics</a>,
and
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/ClusteringComponent">search results clustering</a>.
Explore the <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/solr/">Solr Wiki</a> to find out
more details about Solr's many
<a href="features.html">features</a>.
</p>
<p>
Have Fun, and we'll see you on the Solr mailing lists!
</p>