diff --git a/lucene/CHANGES.txt b/lucene/CHANGES.txt
index bcbc1e33b83..09096a48faa 100644
--- a/lucene/CHANGES.txt
+++ b/lucene/CHANGES.txt
@@ -295,6 +295,8 @@ Build
 API Changes
 ---------------------
 
+* GITHUB#13806: Add TermInSetQuery#getBytesRefIterator to be able to iterate over query terms. (Christoph Büscher)
+
 * GITHUB#13469: Expose FlatVectorsFormat as a first-class format; can be configured using a custom Codec. (Michael Sokolov)
 
 * GITHUB#13612: Hunspell: add Suggester#proceedPastRep to avoid losing relevant suggestions. (Peter Gromov)
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/search/TermInSetQuery.java b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/search/TermInSetQuery.java
index da01b24f0bd..c82df0ac1eb 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/search/TermInSetQuery.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/search/TermInSetQuery.java
@@ -27,13 +27,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.index.PrefixCodedTerms.TermIterator;
 import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
 import org.apache.lucene.index.Terms;
 import org.apache.lucene.index.TermsEnum;
-import org.apache.lucene.util.Accountable;
-import org.apache.lucene.util.AttributeSource;
-import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
-import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefBuilder;
-import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefComparator;
-import org.apache.lucene.util.RamUsageEstimator;
-import org.apache.lucene.util.StringSorter;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.*;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.Automata;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.Automaton;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.ByteRunAutomaton;
@@ -141,6 +135,16 @@ public class TermInSetQuery extends MultiTermQuery implements Accountable {
     return termData.size();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Get an iterator over the encoded terms for query inspection.
+   *
+   * @lucene.experimental
+   */
+  public BytesRefIterator getBytesRefIterator() {
+    final TermIterator iterator = this.termData.iterator();
+    return () -> iterator.next();
+  }
+
   @Override
   public void visit(QueryVisitor visitor) {
     if (visitor.acceptField(field) == false) {
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/search/TestTermInSetQuery.java b/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/search/TestTermInSetQuery.java
index 7cfd0c5adde..b6503021617 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/search/TestTermInSetQuery.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/search/TestTermInSetQuery.java
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.tests.util.LuceneTestCase;
 import org.apache.lucene.tests.util.RamUsageTester;
 import org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestUtil;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefIterator;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.IOUtils;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.ByteRunAutomaton;
 
@@ -527,4 +528,19 @@ public class TestTermInSetQuery extends LuceneTestCase {
           }
         });
   }
+
+  public void testTermsIterator() throws IOException {
+    TermInSetQuery empty = new TermInSetQuery("field", Collections.emptyList());
+    BytesRefIterator it = empty.getBytesRefIterator();
+    assertNull(it.next());
+
+    TermInSetQuery query =
+        new TermInSetQuery(
+            "field", List.of(newBytesRef("term1"), newBytesRef("term2"), newBytesRef("term3")));
+    it = query.getBytesRefIterator();
+    assertEquals(newBytesRef("term1"), it.next());
+    assertEquals(newBytesRef("term2"), it.next());
+    assertEquals(newBytesRef("term3"), it.next());
+    assertNull(it.next());
+  }
 }