diff --git a/lucene/CHANGES.txt b/lucene/CHANGES.txt
index 8c43730f205..7fc9d55f926 100644
--- a/lucene/CHANGES.txt
+++ b/lucene/CHANGES.txt
@@ -83,6 +83,13 @@ Other
 
 ======================== Lucene 9.5.0 =======================
 
+Bug Fixes
+---------------------
+
+* GITHUB#11726: Indexing term vectors on large documents could fail due to
+  trying to apply a dictionary whose size is greater than the maximum supported
+  window size for LZ4. (Adrien Grand)
+
 Other
 ---------------------
 * LUCENE-10423: Remove usages of System.currentTimeMillis() from tests. (Marios Trivyzas)
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/lucene90/LZ4WithPresetDictCompressionMode.java b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/lucene90/LZ4WithPresetDictCompressionMode.java
index f1d406e60a5..6f28ca3d0a6 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/lucene90/LZ4WithPresetDictCompressionMode.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/lucene90/LZ4WithPresetDictCompressionMode.java
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ public final class LZ4WithPresetDictCompressionMode extends CompressionMode {
     @Override
     public void compress(ByteBuffersDataInput buffersInput, DataOutput out) throws IOException {
       final int len = (int) (buffersInput.size() - buffersInput.position());
-      final int dictLength = len / (NUM_SUB_BLOCKS * DICT_SIZE_FACTOR);
+      final int dictLength = Math.min(LZ4.MAX_DISTANCE, len / (NUM_SUB_BLOCKS * DICT_SIZE_FACTOR));
       final int blockLength = (len - dictLength + NUM_SUB_BLOCKS - 1) / NUM_SUB_BLOCKS;
       buffer = ArrayUtil.growNoCopy(buffer, dictLength + blockLength);
       out.writeVInt(dictLength);
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/compress/LZ4.java b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/compress/LZ4.java
index 0deb228356d..67bbdc96ab2 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/compress/LZ4.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/compress/LZ4.java
@@ -47,9 +47,14 @@ public final class LZ4 {
 
   private LZ4() {}
 
+  /**
+   * Window size: this is the maximum supported distance between two strings so that LZ4 can replace
+   * the second one by a reference to the first one.
+   */
+  public static final int MAX_DISTANCE = 1 << 16; // maximum distance of a reference
+
   static final int MEMORY_USAGE = 14;
   static final int MIN_MATCH = 4; // minimum length of a match
-  static final int MAX_DISTANCE = 1 << 16; // maximum distance of a reference
   static final int LAST_LITERALS = 5; // the last 5 bytes must be encoded as literals
   static final int HASH_LOG_HC = 15; // log size of the dictionary for compressHC
   static final int HASH_TABLE_SIZE_HC = 1 << HASH_LOG_HC;
@@ -512,7 +517,7 @@ public final class LZ4 {
   /**
    * Compress {@code bytes[dictOff+dictLen:dictOff+dictLen+len]} into {@code out} using at most 16kB
    * of memory. {@code bytes[dictOff:dictOff+dictLen]} will be used as a dictionary. {@code dictLen}
-   * must not be greater than 64kB, the maximum window size.
+   * must not be greater than {@link LZ4#MAX_DISTANCE 64kB}, the maximum window size.
    *
    * <p>{@code ht} shouldn't be shared across threads but can safely be reused.
    */
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/codecs/compressing/AbstractTestCompressionMode.java b/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/codecs/compressing/AbstractTestCompressionMode.java
index 9febfa97928..366f74730fc 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/codecs/compressing/AbstractTestCompressionMode.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/test/org/apache/lucene/codecs/compressing/AbstractTestCompressionMode.java
@@ -154,4 +154,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestCompressionMode extends LuceneTestCase {
     Arrays.fill(decompressed, (byte) random().nextInt());
     test(decompressed);
   }
+
+  public void testExtremelyLargeInput() throws IOException {
+    final byte[] decompressed = new byte[1 << 24]; // 16MB
+    for (int i = 0; i < decompressed.length; ++i) {
+      decompressed[i] = (byte) (i & 0x0F);
+    }
+    test(decompressed);
+  }
 }