diff --git a/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/build.xml b/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/build.xml
index a76fd3912..d270e9f83 100644
--- a/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/build.xml
+++ b/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/build.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/hellojpa/build.xml b/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/hellojpa/build.xml
index d2c7e3faf..0d3178e8e 100644
--- a/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/hellojpa/build.xml
+++ b/openjpa-examples/src/main/java/hellojpa/build.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/assembly.xml b/openjpa-project/assembly.xml
index a599a8f6c..91567a410 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/assembly.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/assembly.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/source-assembly.xml b/openjpa-project/source-assembly.xml
index adb4a3296..56efff349 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/source-assembly.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/source-assembly.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_arch.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_arch.xml
index d4403be56..b36f62ef1 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_arch.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_arch.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_conclusion.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_conclusion.xml
index b33e5d120..a7f76256a 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_conclusion.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_conclusion.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_em.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_em.xml
index 82a61861c..cba3f2180 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_em.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_em.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_emfactory.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_emfactory.xml
index 098fee05b..996ca5eae 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_emfactory.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_emfactory.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_intro.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_intro.xml
index 8c993deab..1b86272a1 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_intro.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_intro.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_mapping.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_mapping.xml
index 868083f82..4be1ffd9b 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_mapping.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_mapping.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_meta.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_meta.xml
index cc1fc7749..9e57a0488 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_meta.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_meta.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_pc.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_pc.xml
index e7873007f..93fd6c058 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_pc.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_pc.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_persistence.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_persistence.xml
index bed6dfcfa..23daa7e0c 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_persistence.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_persistence.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_query.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_query.xml
index 4e18b74fd..20d639190 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_query.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_query.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_sqlquery.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_sqlquery.xml
index 9903ae536..7a3990c57 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_sqlquery.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_sqlquery.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_trans.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_trans.xml
index 336b42ee4..4bf21db81 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_trans.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_trans.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_why.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_why.xml
index dc5f373d3..0d06a50e2 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_why.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_overview_why.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_resources.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_resources.xml
index c63680db7..1513be50c 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_resources.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_resources.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_tutorials.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_tutorials.xml
index a561b6df4..2f99ebb1c 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_tutorials.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/jpa_tutorials.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml-chunk.xsl b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml-chunk.xsl
index b61c18b57..80c98b860 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml-chunk.xsl
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml-chunk.xsl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml.xsl b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml.xsl
index 2ac6de980..163990c16 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml.xsl
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/manual-xhtml.xsl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/openjpa_intro.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/openjpa_intro.xml
index f0a2cb8da..228f30f1d 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/openjpa_intro.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/openjpa_intro.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_caching.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_caching.xml
index 408ad4b60..ba1ac23bd 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_caching.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_caching.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_conf.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_conf.xml
index 576be14d4..000f8b212 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_conf.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_conf.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_dbsetup.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_dbsetup.xml
index 4324bd385..02cc0dfd4 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_dbsetup.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_dbsetup.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_deploy.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_deploy.xml
index 456fea39b..ee5420618 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_deploy.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_deploy.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_integration.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_integration.xml
index 5b56b3bc3..80fbfd074 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_integration.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_integration.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_intro.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_intro.xml
index b1d021ae0..de29feae0 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_intro.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_intro.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_logging.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_logging.xml
index f1954cb73..7a4613a7f 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_logging.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_logging.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_mapping.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_mapping.xml
index 468791a69..b8187ad1c 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_mapping.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_mapping.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_meta.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_meta.xml
index efad00852..80ddf8d88 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_meta.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_meta.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_optimization.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_optimization.xml
index efc8475d8..69ede3ea8 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_optimization.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_optimization.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_pc.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_pc.xml
index 758386560..11ad0ab88 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_pc.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_pc.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_remote.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_remote.xml
index 675e0dbe7..8f81d95d9 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_remote.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_remote.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_runtime.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_runtime.xml
index f62f414f7..2b9efc191 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_runtime.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/ref_guide_runtime.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/samples_guide.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/samples_guide.xml
index 1f6a99bd2..02eae053a 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/samples_guide.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/samples_guide.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
  
diff --git a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/supported_databases.xml b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/supported_databases.xml
index 76ac4cc44..97fd39aaa 100644
--- a/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/supported_databases.xml
+++ b/openjpa-project/src/doc/manual/supported_databases.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
  Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.