spring-security/docs/manual/src/docbook/springsecurity.xml

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<book version="5.0" xml:id="spring-security-reference-guide" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <info><title>Spring Security</title><subtitle>Reference
        Documentation</subtitle><authorgroup><author>
        <personname>Ben Alex</personname>
      </author><author>
        <personname>Luke Taylor</personname>
      </author></authorgroup>
    <productname>Spring Security</productname>
    <releaseinfo>3.0.0.M2</releaseinfo>
  </info>
  <toc/>
  <preface xml:id="preface">
    <title>Preface</title>
    <para>Spring Security provides a comprehensive security solution for J2EE-based enterprise
      software applications. As you will discover as you venture through this reference guide, we
      have tried to provide you a useful and highly configurable security system.</para>
    <para>Security is an ever-moving target, and it's important to pursue a comprehensive,
      system-wide approach. In security circles we encourage you to adopt "layers of security", so
      that each layer tries to be as secure as possible in its own right, with successive layers
      providing additional security. The "tighter" the security of each layer, the more robust and
      safe your application will be. At the bottom level you'll need to deal with issues such as
      transport security and system identification, in order to mitigate man-in-the-middle attacks.
      Next you'll generally utilise firewalls, perhaps with VPNs or IP security to ensure only
      authorised systems can attempt to connect. In corporate environments you may deploy a DMZ to
      separate public-facing servers from backend database and application servers. Your operating
      system will also play a critical part, addressing issues such as running processes as
      non-privileged users and maximising file system security. An operating system will usually
      also be configured with its own firewall. Hopefully somewhere along the way you'll be trying
      to prevent denial of service and brute force attacks against the system. An intrusion
      detection system will also be especially useful for monitoring and responding to attacks, with
      such systems able to take protective action such as blocking offending TCP/IP addresses in
      real-time. Moving to the higher layers, your Java Virtual Machine will hopefully be configured
      to minimize the permissions granted to different Java types, and then your application will
      add its own problem domain-specific security configuration. Spring Security makes this latter
      area - application security - much easier. </para>
    <para>Of course, you will need to properly address all security layers mentioned above, together
      with managerial factors that encompass every layer. A non-exhaustive list of such managerial
      factors would include security bulletin monitoring, patching, personnel vetting, audits,
      change control, engineering management systems, data backup, disaster recovery, performance
      benchmarking, load monitoring, centralised logging, incident response procedures etc.</para>
    <para>With Spring Security being focused on helping you with the enterprise application security
      layer, you will find that there are as many different requirements as there are business
      problem domains. A banking application has different needs from an ecommerce application. An
      ecommerce application has different needs from a corporate sales force automation tool. These
      custom requirements make application security interesting, challenging and rewarding. </para>
    <para>Please read <xref linkend="getting-started"/>, in its entirety to begin with. This will
      introduce you to the framework and the namespace-based configuration system with which you can
      get up and running quite quickly. To get more of an understanding of how Spring Security
      works, and some of the classes you might need to use, you should then read <xref
        linkend="overall-architecture"/>. The remaining parts of this guide are structured in a more
      traditional reference style, designed to be read on an as-required basis. We'd also recommend
      that you read up as much as possible on application security issues in general. Spring
      Security is not a panacea which will solve all security issues. It is important that the
      application is designed with security in mind from the start. Attempting to retrofit it is not
      a good idea. In particular, if you are building a web application, you should be aware of the
      many potential vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting, request-forgery and
      session-hijacking which you should be taking into account from the start. The OWASP web site
      (http://www.owasp.org/) maintains a top ten list of web application vulnerabilities as well as
      a lot of useful reference information. </para>
    <para>We hope that you find this reference guide useful, and we welcome your feedback and <link
        xlink:href="#jira">suggestions</link>. </para>
    <para>Finally, welcome to the Spring Security <link xlink:href="#community">community</link>.
    </para>
  </preface>
  <part xml:id="getting-started">
    <title>Getting Started</title>
    <partintro>
      <para>The later parts of this guide provide an in-depth discussion of the framework
        architecture and implementation classes, which you need to understand if you want to do any
        serious customization. In this part, we'll introduce Spring Security 3.0, give a brief
        overview of the project's history and take a slightly gentler look at how to get started
        using the framework. In particular, we'll look at namespace configuration which provides a
        much simpler way of securing your application compared to the traditional Spring bean
        approach where you have to wire up all the implementation classes individually. </para>
      <para> We'll also take a look at the sample applications that are available. It's worth trying
        to run these and experimenting with them a bit even before you read the later sections - you
        can dip back into them as your understanding of the framework increases. </para>
    </partintro>
    <xi:include href="introduction.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="namespace-config.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="samples.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="community.xml"/>
  </part>
  <part xml:id="overall-architecture">
    <title>Architecture and Implementation</title>
    <partintro>
      <para>Once you are familiar with setting up and running some namespace-configuration based
        applications, you may wish to develop more of an understanding of how the framework actually
        works behind the namespace facade. Like most software, Spring Security has certain central
        interfaces, classes and conceptual abstractions that are commonly used throughout the
        framework. In this part of the reference guide we will look at some of these and see how
        they work together to support authentication and access-control within Spring
        Security.</para>
    </partintro>
    <xi:include href="technical-overview.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="core-services.xml"/>
  </part>
  <part xml:id="web-app-security">
    <title>Web Application Security</title>
    <partintro>
      <para> Most Spring Security users will be using the framework in applications which make user
        of HTTP and the Servlet API. In this part, we'll take a look at how Spring Security provides
        authentication and access-control features for the web layer of an application. We'll look
        behind the facade of the namespace and see which classes and interfaces are actually
        assembled to provide web-layer security. In some situations it is necessary to use
        traditional bean configuration to provide full control over the configuration, so we'll also
        see how to configure these classes directly without the namespace.</para>
    </partintro>
    <xi:include href="security-filter-chain.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="core-filters.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="basic-and-digest-auth.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="remember-me-authentication.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="concurrent-sessions.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="anon-auth-provider.xml"/>
  </part>
  <!--  
  <part xml:id="authentication">
    <title>Authentication</title>
    <partintro>
      <para>We've already introduced Spring Security's authentication architecture in the <link
          xlink:href="#technical-overview">Technical Overview</link> chapter. In this part of the
        reference guide we will examine individual authentication mechanisms and their corresponding
          <classname>AuthenticationProvider</classname>s. We'll also look at how to configure
        authentication more generally, including if you have several authentication approaches that
        need to be chained together.</para>
      <para> With some exceptions, we will be discussing the full details of Spring Security bean
        configuration rather than the shorthand <link xlink:href="#ns-config">namespace
          syntax</link>. You should review the introduction to using namespace configuration and the
        options it provides to see if they will meet your needs. As you come to use the framework
        more, and need to customize the internal behaviour, you will probably want to understand
        more about how the individual services are implemented, which classes to look at extending
        and so on. This part is more targeted at providing this kind of information. We'd recommend
        that you supplement the content by browsing the Javadoc and the source itself <footnote>
          <para>Links to both Javadoc APIs and browsable source cross-reference are available from
            the project web site.</para>
        </footnote>. </para>
    </partintro>
    <xi:include href="dao-auth-provider.xml"/>
  </part>
-->
  <part xml:id="authorization">
    <title>Authorization</title>
    <partintro>
      <para>The advanced authorization capabilities within Spring Security represent one of the most
        compelling reasons for its popularity. Irrespective of how you choose to authenticate -
        whether using a Spring Security-provided mechanism and provider, or integrating with a
        container or other non-Spring Security authentication authority - you will find the
        authorization services can be used within your application in a consistent and simple
        way.</para>
      <para>In this part we'll explore the different
          <classname>AbstractSecurityInterceptor</classname> implementations, which were introduced
        in Part I. We then move on to explore how to fine-tune authorization through use of domain
        access control lists.</para>
    </partintro>
    <xi:include href="authorization-common.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="secured-objects.xml"/>
  </part>
  <part xml:id="advanced-topics">
    <title>Advanced Topics</title>
    <!-- 
      Essentially standalone features which do not have to follow on directly from earlier chapters 
    -->
    <partintro>
      <para> In this part we cover some of the more advanced and less-commonly used features of the
        framework.</para>
    </partintro>
    <xi:include href="domain-acls.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="preauth.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="ldap-auth-provider.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="jaas-auth-provider.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="cas-auth-provider.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="x509-auth-provider.xml"/>
    <xi:include href="runas-auth-provider.xml"/>
  </part>
  <xi:include href="appendix-db-schema.xml"/>
  <xi:include href="appendix-namespace.xml"/>
</book>