diff --git a/.licensed.yml b/.licensed.yml
index 314a5e82ac4..c5903c31e0c 100644
--- a/.licensed.yml
+++ b/.licensed.yml
@@ -31,10 +31,6 @@ ignored:
     - timeout # Ruby (default gem)
     - uri # Ruby (default gem)
     - mutex_m # BSD-2-Clause
-    - irb # Ruby (default gem)
-    - rdoc # Ruby (default gem)
-    - reline # Ruby (default gem)
-    - stringio # Ruby (default gem)
 
 reviewed:
   bundler:
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index ad2429502ff..b053716bfcd 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 
 gem "bootsnap", require: false, platform: :mri
 
-gem "actionmailer", "~> 7.1.0"
-gem "actionpack", "~> 7.1.0"
-gem "actionview", "~> 7.1.0"
-gem "activemodel", "~> 7.1.0"
-gem "activerecord", "~> 7.1.0"
-gem "activesupport", "~> 7.1.0"
-gem "railties", "~> 7.1.0"
+gem "actionmailer", "< 7.1"
+gem "actionpack", "< 7.1"
+gem "actionview", "< 7.1"
+gem "activemodel", "< 7.1"
+gem "activerecord", "< 7.1"
+gem "activesupport", "< 7.1"
+gem "railties", "< 7.1"
 gem "sprockets-rails"
 
 gem "json"
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 6d3729dd268..f55a203b730 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -1,54 +1,45 @@
 GEM
   remote: https://rubygems.org/
   specs:
-    actionmailer (7.1.3.4)
-      actionpack (= 7.1.3.4)
-      actionview (= 7.1.3.4)
-      activejob (= 7.1.3.4)
-      activesupport (= 7.1.3.4)
+    actionmailer (7.0.8.4)
+      actionpack (= 7.0.8.4)
+      actionview (= 7.0.8.4)
+      activejob (= 7.0.8.4)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.8.4)
       mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
       net-imap
       net-pop
       net-smtp
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.2)
-    actionpack (7.1.3.4)
-      actionview (= 7.1.3.4)
-      activesupport (= 7.1.3.4)
-      nokogiri (>= 1.8.5)
-      racc
-      rack (>= 2.2.4)
-      rack-session (>= 1.0.1)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
+    actionpack (7.0.8.4)
+      actionview (= 7.0.8.4)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.8.4)
+      rack (~> 2.0, >= 2.2.4)
       rack-test (>= 0.6.3)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.2)
-      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.6)
-    actionview (7.1.3.4)
-      activesupport (= 7.1.3.4)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
+      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.2.0)
+    actionview (7.0.8.4)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.8.4)
       builder (~> 3.1)
-      erubi (~> 1.11)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.2)
-      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.6)
+      erubi (~> 1.4)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
+      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.1, >= 1.2.0)
     actionview_precompiler (0.4.0)
       actionview (>= 6.0.a)
     active_model_serializers (0.8.4)
       activemodel (>= 3.0)
-    activejob (7.1.3.4)
-      activesupport (= 7.1.3.4)
+    activejob (7.0.8.4)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.8.4)
       globalid (>= 0.3.6)
-    activemodel (7.1.3.4)
-      activesupport (= 7.1.3.4)
-    activerecord (7.1.3.4)
-      activemodel (= 7.1.3.4)
-      activesupport (= 7.1.3.4)
-      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
-    activesupport (7.1.3.4)
-      base64
-      bigdecimal
+    activemodel (7.0.8.4)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.8.4)
+    activerecord (7.0.8.4)
+      activemodel (= 7.0.8.4)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.8.4)
+    activesupport (7.0.8.4)
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
-      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
-      drb
       i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
       minitest (>= 5.1)
-      mutex_m
       tzinfo (~> 2.0)
     addressable (2.8.6)
       public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 6.0)
@@ -185,10 +176,6 @@ GEM
       progress (~> 3.0, >= 3.0.1)
     image_size (3.4.0)
     in_threads (1.6.0)
-    io-console (0.7.2)
-    irb (1.13.1)
-      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
-      reline (>= 0.4.2)
     iso8601 (0.13.0)
     jmespath (1.6.2)
     json (2.7.2)
@@ -334,8 +321,6 @@ GEM
     pry-stack_explorer (0.6.1)
       binding_of_caller (~> 1.0)
       pry (~> 0.13)
-    psych (5.1.2)
-      stringio
     public_suffix (5.1.1)
     puma (6.4.2)
       nio4r (~> 2.0)
@@ -346,13 +331,8 @@ GEM
     rack-protection (3.2.0)
       base64 (>= 0.1.0)
       rack (~> 2.2, >= 2.2.4)
-    rack-session (1.0.2)
-      rack (< 3)
     rack-test (2.1.0)
       rack (>= 1.3)
-    rackup (1.0.0)
-      rack (< 3)
-      webrick
     rails-dom-testing (2.2.0)
       activesupport (>= 5.0.0)
       minitest
@@ -367,14 +347,13 @@ GEM
     rails_multisite (6.0.0)
       activerecord (>= 6.0)
       railties (>= 6.0)
-    railties (7.1.3.4)
-      actionpack (= 7.1.3.4)
-      activesupport (= 7.1.3.4)
-      irb
-      rackup (>= 1.0.0)
+    railties (7.0.8.4)
+      actionpack (= 7.0.8.4)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.8.4)
+      method_source
       rake (>= 12.2)
-      thor (~> 1.0, >= 1.2.2)
-      zeitwerk (~> 2.6)
+      thor (~> 1.0)
+      zeitwerk (~> 2.5)
     rainbow (3.1.1)
     raindrops (0.20.1)
     rake (13.2.1)
@@ -386,15 +365,11 @@ GEM
       msgpack (>= 0.4.3)
       optimist (>= 3.0.0)
     rchardet (1.8.0)
-    rdoc (6.7.0)
-      psych (>= 4.0.0)
     redcarpet (3.6.0)
     redis (4.8.1)
     redis-namespace (1.11.0)
       redis (>= 4)
     regexp_parser (2.9.2)
-    reline (0.5.8)
-      io-console (~> 0.5)
     request_store (1.7.0)
       rack (>= 1.4)
     rexml (3.3.0)
@@ -533,7 +508,6 @@ GEM
     sqlite3 (1.7.3-x86_64-linux)
     sshkey (3.0.0)
     stackprof (0.2.26)
-    stringio (3.1.0)
     strscan (3.1.0)
     syntax_tree (6.2.0)
       prettier_print (>= 1.2.0)
@@ -564,7 +538,6 @@ GEM
       addressable (>= 2.8.0)
       crack (>= 0.3.2)
       hashdiff (>= 0.4.0, < 2.0.0)
-    webrick (1.8.1)
     websocket (1.2.10)
     xpath (3.2.0)
       nokogiri (~> 1.8)
@@ -586,14 +559,14 @@ PLATFORMS
   x86_64-linux
 
 DEPENDENCIES
-  actionmailer (~> 7.1.0)
-  actionpack (~> 7.1.0)
-  actionview (~> 7.1.0)
+  actionmailer (< 7.1)
+  actionpack (< 7.1)
+  actionview (< 7.1)
   actionview_precompiler
   active_model_serializers (~> 0.8.3)
-  activemodel (~> 7.1.0)
-  activerecord (~> 7.1.0)
-  activesupport (~> 7.1.0)
+  activemodel (< 7.1)
+  activerecord (< 7.1)
+  activesupport (< 7.1)
   addressable
   annotate
   aws-sdk-s3
@@ -681,7 +654,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   rails-dom-testing
   rails_failover
   rails_multisite
-  railties (~> 7.1.0)
+  railties (< 7.1)
   rake
   rb-fsevent
   rbtrace
diff --git a/app/models/post_revision.rb b/app/models/post_revision.rb
index 87f8c8d9145..7422726fec1 100644
--- a/app/models/post_revision.rb
+++ b/app/models/post_revision.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ class PostRevision < ActiveRecord::Base
   belongs_to :post
   belongs_to :user
 
-  serialize :modifications, type: Hash
+  serialize :modifications, Hash
 
   after_create :create_notification
 
diff --git a/app/models/reviewable.rb b/app/models/reviewable.rb
index 3a0a228d265..3c03fae8a11 100644
--- a/app/models/reviewable.rb
+++ b/app/models/reviewable.rb
@@ -33,12 +33,8 @@ class Reviewable < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_many :reviewable_scores, -> { order(created_at: :desc) }, dependent: :destroy
 
   enum :status, { pending: 0, approved: 1, rejected: 2, ignored: 3, deleted: 4 }
-
-  attribute :sensitivity, :integer
-  enum :sensitivity, { disabled: 0, low: 9, medium: 6, high: 3 }, scopes: false, suffix: true
-
-  attribute :priority, :integer
   enum :priority, { low: 0, medium: 5, high: 10 }, scopes: false, suffix: true
+  enum :sensitivity, { disabled: 0, low: 9, medium: 6, high: 3 }, scopes: false, suffix: true
 
   validates :reject_reason, length: { maximum: 2000 }
 
diff --git a/app/models/translation_override.rb b/app/models/translation_override.rb
index d37e7301588..0e891f793ff 100644
--- a/app/models/translation_override.rb
+++ b/app/models/translation_override.rb
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ class TranslationOverride < ActiveRecord::Base
 
   validate :check_interpolation_keys
 
-  attribute :status, :integer
   enum status: { up_to_date: 0, outdated: 1, invalid_interpolation_keys: 2, deprecated: 3 }
 
   def self.upsert!(locale, key, value)
diff --git a/app/models/user.rb b/app/models/user.rb
index 47464ebc707..d3b2d8bd19e 100644
--- a/app/models/user.rb
+++ b/app/models/user.rb
@@ -158,9 +158,7 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base
             unless: :should_skip_user_fields_validation?
 
   validates_associated :primary_email,
-                       message: ->(_, user_email) do
-                         user_email[:value]&.errors&.[](:email)&.first.to_s
-                       end
+                       message: ->(_, user_email) { user_email[:value]&.errors&.[](:email)&.first }
 
   after_initialize :add_trust_level
 
diff --git a/app/services/staff_action_logger.rb b/app/services/staff_action_logger.rb
index b52cc2602bc..7eb767919d8 100644
--- a/app/services/staff_action_logger.rb
+++ b/app/services/staff_action_logger.rb
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ class StaffActionLogger
 
     changed_attributes = category.previous_changes.slice(*category_params.keys)
 
-    if !old_permissions.empty? && (old_permissions != category_params[:permissions].to_h)
+    if !old_permissions.empty? && (old_permissions != category_params[:permissions])
       changed_attributes.merge!(
         permissions: [old_permissions.to_json, category_params[:permissions].to_json],
       )
diff --git a/config/application.rb b/config/application.rb
index a5f5b728be0..2e214e1c5a9 100644
--- a/config/application.rb
+++ b/config/application.rb
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ module Discourse
     # tiny file needed by site settings
     require "highlight_js"
 
-    config.load_defaults 7.0
+    config.load_defaults 6.1
     config.active_record.cache_versioning = false # our custom cache class doesn’t support this
     config.action_controller.forgery_protection_origin_check = false
     config.active_record.belongs_to_required_by_default = false
@@ -100,9 +100,6 @@ module Discourse
       Time,
       Symbol,
     ]
-    config.active_support.key_generator_hash_digest_class = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1
-    config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer = :hybrid
-    config.action_controller.wrap_parameters_by_default = false
 
     # we skip it cause we configure it in the initializer
     # the railtie for message_bus would insert it in the
@@ -115,9 +112,8 @@ module Discourse
       ENV["DISCOURSE_MULTISITE_CONFIG_PATH"] || GlobalSetting.multisite_config_path
     config.multisite_config_path = File.absolute_path(multisite_config_path, Rails.root)
 
-    config.autoload_lib(ignore: %w[common_passwords emoji generators javascripts tasks])
-    Rails.autoloaders.main.do_not_eager_load(config.root.join("lib"))
     # Custom directories with classes and modules you want to be autoloadable.
+    config.autoload_paths << "#{root}/lib"
     config.autoload_paths << "#{root}/lib/guardian"
     config.autoload_paths << "#{root}/lib/i18n"
     config.autoload_paths << "#{root}/lib/validators"
@@ -244,17 +240,6 @@ module Discourse
 
       # we got to clear the pool in case plugins connect
       ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.clear_active_connections!
-
-      # Mailers and controllers may have been patched by plugins and when the
-      # application is eager loaded, the list of public methods is cached.
-      # We need to invalidate the existing caches, otherwise the new actions
-      # won’t be seen by Rails.
-      if Rails.configuration.eager_load
-        AbstractController::Base.descendants.each do |controller|
-          controller.clear_action_methods!
-          controller.action_methods
-        end
-      end
     end
 
     require "rbtrace" if ENV["RBTRACE"] == "1"
diff --git a/config/environments/development.rb b/config/environments/development.rb
index 6609ecf373b..1ea67794833 100644
--- a/config/environments/development.rb
+++ b/config/environments/development.rb
@@ -99,11 +99,4 @@ Discourse::Application.configure do
   end
 
   config.hosts << /\A(([a-z0-9-]+)\.)*localhost(\:\d+)?\Z/
-
-  config.generators.after_generate do |files|
-    parsable_files = files.filter { |file| file.end_with?(".rb") }
-    unless parsable_files.empty?
-      system("bundle exec rubocop -A --fail-level=E #{parsable_files.shelljoin}", exception: true)
-    end
-  end
 end
diff --git a/config/environments/test.rb b/config/environments/test.rb
index 66f7e3f32b8..7f6bd425fdf 100644
--- a/config/environments/test.rb
+++ b/config/environments/test.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Discourse::Application.configure do
 
   # production has "show exceptions" on so we better have it
   # in test as well
-  config.action_dispatch.show_exceptions = :all
+  config.action_dispatch.show_exceptions = true
 
   # Disable request forgery protection in test environment
   config.action_controller.allow_forgery_protection = false
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ Discourse::Application.configure do
 
   # Catch missing translations during test runs.
   config.i18n.raise_on_missing_translations = true
-  config.i18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join("spec", "support", "locales", "**", "*.yml")]
 
   config.after_initialize do
     ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.backtrace_cleaner.add_silencer do |line|
diff --git a/config/initializers/002-rails_failover.rb b/config/initializers/002-rails_failover.rb
index d43a24334ac..d5ee5c2da24 100644
--- a/config/initializers/002-rails_failover.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/002-rails_failover.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if defined?(RailsFailover::Redis)
     SiteSetting.refresh!
   end
 
-  RailsFailover::Redis.logger = Rails.logger.broadcasts.first
+  RailsFailover::Redis.logger = Rails.logger.chained.first if Rails.logger.respond_to? :chained
 end
 
 if defined?(RailsFailover::ActiveRecord)
diff --git a/config/initializers/100-logster.rb b/config/initializers/100-logster.rb
index 9248e35e326..0a33877d3d5 100644
--- a/config/initializers/100-logster.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/100-logster.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 if GlobalSetting.skip_redis?
   Rails.application.reloader.to_prepare do
-    Rails.logger.stop_broadcasting_to(Logster.logger) if defined?(Logster::Logger) && Logster.logger
+    Rails.logger = Rails.logger.chained.first if Rails.logger.respond_to? :chained
   end
   return
 end
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ end
 if Rails.env.development? && !Sidekiq.server? && ENV["RAILS_LOGS_STDOUT"] == "1"
   Rails.application.config.after_initialize do
     console = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(STDOUT)
-    original_logger = Rails.logger.broadcasts.first
+    original_logger = Rails.logger.chained.first
     console.formatter = original_logger.formatter
     console.level = original_logger.level
 
     unless ActiveSupport::Logger.logger_outputs_to?(original_logger, STDOUT)
-      Rails.logger.broadcast_to(console)
+      original_logger.extend(ActiveSupport::Logger.broadcast(console))
     end
   end
 end
@@ -118,7 +118,10 @@ RailsMultisite::ConnectionManagement.each_connection do
 end
 
 if Rails.configuration.multisite
-  Rails.logger.broadcasts.first.formatter = RailsMultisite::Formatter.new
+  if Rails.logger.respond_to? :chained
+    chained = Rails.logger.chained
+    chained && chained.first.formatter = RailsMultisite::Formatter.new
+  end
 end
 
 Logster.config.project_directories = [
diff --git a/config/initializers/100-quiet_logger.rb b/config/initializers/100-quiet_logger.rb
index d72387be9e2..ef156499861 100644
--- a/config/initializers/100-quiet_logger.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/100-quiet_logger.rb
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ module DiscourseRackQuietAssetsLogger
          (env["PATH_INFO"].index("/service-worker") == 0) ||
          (env["PATH_INFO"].index("mini-profiler-resources") == 0) ||
          (env["PATH_INFO"].index("/srv/status") == 0)
-      if defined?(::Logster::Logger) && Logster.logger
+      if ::Logster::Logger === Rails.logger
         override = true
-        Logster.logger.override_level = Logger::ERROR
+        Rails.logger.override_level = Logger::ERROR
       end
     end
 
-    super(env).tap { Logster.logger.override_level = nil if override }
+    super(env).tap { Rails.logger.override_level = nil if override }
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/config/initializers/100-silence_logger.rb b/config/initializers/100-silence_logger.rb
index d74386878bd..e01b29816f7 100644
--- a/config/initializers/100-silence_logger.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/100-silence_logger.rb
@@ -20,21 +20,16 @@ class SilenceLogger < Rails::Rack::Logger
     if env[HTTP_X_SILENCE_LOGGER] || @opts[:silenced].include?(path_info) ||
          path_info.start_with?("/logs") || path_info.start_with?("/user_avatar") ||
          path_info.start_with?("/letter_avatar")
-      if defined?(::Logster::Logger) && Logster.logger
+      if ::Logster::Logger === Rails.logger
         override = true
-        Logster.logger.override_level = Logger::WARN
+        Rails.logger.override_level = Logger::WARN
       end
       @app.call(env)
     else
-      # TODO: Just call `super` instead when upgrading to Rails 7.2. With Rails
-      # 7.1 there is a bug in `Rails::Rack::Logger` when there is more than one
-      # `ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging` logger in the broadcast logger. It
-      # results in duplicating the response from Rack as many times as there
-      # are tagged loggers, returning an array of arrays.
-      super.tap { break _1.first if _1.any?(Array) }
+      super(env)
     end
   ensure
-    Logster.logger.override_level = nil if override
+    Rails.logger.override_level = nil if override
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/config/initializers/101-lograge.rb b/config/initializers/101-lograge.rb
index b17cb7f3c77..3baac8b4b46 100644
--- a/config/initializers/101-lograge.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/101-lograge.rb
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ Rails.application.config.to_prepare do
 
         # Remove ActiveSupport::Logger from the chain and replace with Lograge's
         # logger
-        Rails.logger.stop_broadcasting_to(Rails.logger.broadcasts.last)
-        Rails.logger.broadcast_to(config.lograge.logger)
+        Rails.logger.chained.pop
+        Rails.logger.chain(config.lograge.logger)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/config/initializers/102-truncate-logs.rb b/config/initializers/102-truncate-logs.rb
index 29601aa1f4b..b1276f3d967 100644
--- a/config/initializers/102-truncate-logs.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/102-truncate-logs.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ if Rails.env.production? || ENV["ENABLE_LOGS_TRUNCATION"] == "1"
   end
 
   Rails.application.config.to_prepare do
-    Rails.logger.broadcasts.each { |logger| set_or_extend_truncate_logs_formatter(logger) }
+    set_or_extend_truncate_logs_formatter(Rails.logger)
+
+    if Rails.logger.respond_to? :chained
+      Rails.logger.chained.each { |logger| set_or_extend_truncate_logs_formatter(logger) }
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_7_0.rb b/config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_7_0.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdbf91e62fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_7_0.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file.
+#
+# This file eases your Rails 7.0 framework defaults upgrade.
+#
+# Uncomment each configuration one by one to switch to the new default.
+# Once your application is ready to run with all new defaults, you can remove
+# this file and set the `config.load_defaults` to `7.0`.
+#
+# Read the Guide for Upgrading Ruby on Rails for more info on each option.
+# https://guides.rubyonrails.org/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html
+
+# `button_to` view helper will render `<button>` element, regardless of whether
+# or not the content is passed as the first argument or as a block.
+Rails.application.config.action_view.button_to_generates_button_tag = true
+
+# `stylesheet_link_tag` view helper will not render the media attribute by default.
+Rails.application.config.action_view.apply_stylesheet_media_default = false
+
+# Change the digest class for the key generators to `OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256`.
+# Changing this default means invalidate all encrypted messages generated by
+# your application and, all the encrypted cookies. Only change this after you
+# rotated all the messages using the key rotator.
+#
+# See upgrading guide for more information on how to build a rotator.
+# https://guides.rubyonrails.org/v7.0/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html
+# Rails.application.config.active_support.key_generator_hash_digest_class = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256
+
+# Change the digest class for ActiveSupport::Digest.
+# Changing this default means that for example Etags change and
+# various cache keys leading to cache invalidation.
+Rails.application.config.active_support.hash_digest_class = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256
+
+# Don't override ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.name and use the default Ruby
+# implementation.
+Rails.application.config.active_support.remove_deprecated_time_with_zone_name = true
+
+# Change the format of the cache entry.
+# Changing this default means that all new cache entries added to the cache
+# will have a different format that is not supported by Rails 6.1 applications.
+# Only change this value after your application is fully deployed to Rails 7.0
+# and you have no plans to rollback.
+Rails.application.config.active_support.cache_format_version = 7.0
+
+# Calls `Rails.application.executor.wrap` around test cases.
+# This makes test cases behave closer to an actual request or job.
+# Several features that are normally disabled in test, such as Active Record query cache
+# and asynchronous queries will then be enabled.
+Rails.application.config.active_support.executor_around_test_case = true
+
+# Define the isolation level of most of Rails internal state.
+# If you use a fiber based server or job processor, you should set it to `:fiber`.
+# Otherwise the default of `:thread` if preferable.
+Rails.application.config.active_support.isolation_level = :thread
+
+# Set both the `:open_timeout` and `:read_timeout` values for `:smtp` delivery method.
+Rails.application.config.action_mailer.smtp_timeout = 5
+
+# Automatically infer `inverse_of` for associations with a scope.
+Rails.application.config.active_record.automatic_scope_inversing = true
+
+# Raise when running tests if fixtures contained foreign key violations
+Rails.application.config.active_record.verify_foreign_keys_for_fixtures = true
+
+# Disable partial inserts.
+# This default means that all columns will be referenced in INSERT queries
+# regardless of whether they have a default or not.
+Rails.application.config.active_record.partial_inserts = false
+#
+# Protect from open redirect attacks in `redirect_back_or_to` and `redirect_to`.
+Rails.application.config.action_controller.raise_on_open_redirects = true
+
+# If you're upgrading and haven't set `cookies_serializer` previously, your cookie serializer
+# was `:marshal`. Convert all cookies to JSON, using the `:hybrid` formatter.
+#
+# If you're confident all your cookies are JSON formatted, you can switch to the `:json` formatter.
+#
+# Continue to use `:marshal` for backward-compatibility with old cookies.
+#
+# If you have configured the serializer elsewhere, you can remove this.
+#
+# See https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_controller_overview.html#cookies for more information.
+Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer = :hybrid
+
+# Enable parameter wrapping for JSON.
+# Previously this was set in an initializer. It's fine to keep using that initializer if you've customized it.
+# To disable parameter wrapping entirely, set this config to `false`.
+# Rails.application.config.action_controller.wrap_parameters_by_default = true
+
+# Specifies whether generated namespaced UUIDs follow the RFC 4122 standard for namespace IDs provided as a
+# `String` to `Digest::UUID.uuid_v3` or `Digest::UUID.uuid_v5` method calls.
+#
+# See https://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#config-active-support-use-rfc4122-namespaced-uuids for
+# more information.
+Rails.application.config.active_support.use_rfc4122_namespaced_uuids = true
+
+# Change the default headers to disable browsers' flawed legacy XSS protection.
+Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.default_headers = {
+  "X-Frame-Options" => "SAMEORIGIN",
+  "X-XSS-Protection" => "0",
+  "X-Content-Type-Options" => "nosniff",
+  "X-Download-Options" => "noopen",
+  "X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies" => "none",
+  "Referrer-Policy" => "strict-origin-when-cross-origin",
+}
diff --git a/config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_7_1.rb b/config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_7_1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 974cc2aa3a7..00000000000
--- a/config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_7_1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-# Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file.
-#
-# This file eases your Rails 7.1 framework defaults upgrade.
-#
-# Uncomment each configuration one by one to switch to the new default.
-# Once your application is ready to run with all new defaults, you can remove
-# this file and set the `config.load_defaults` to `7.1`.
-#
-# Read the Guide for Upgrading Ruby on Rails for more info on each option.
-# https://guides.rubyonrails.org/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html
-
-# No longer add autoloaded paths into `$LOAD_PATH`. This means that you won't be able
-# to manually require files that are managed by the autoloader, which you shouldn't do anyway.
-# This will reduce the size of the load path, making `require` faster if you don't use bootsnap, or reduce the size
-# of the bootsnap cache if you use it.
-# Rails.application.config.add_autoload_paths_to_load_path = false
-
-# Remove the default X-Download-Options headers since it is used only by Internet Explorer.
-# If you need to support Internet Explorer, add back `"X-Download-Options" => "noopen"`.
-# Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.default_headers = {
-#   "X-Frame-Options" => "SAMEORIGIN",
-#   "X-XSS-Protection" => "0",
-#   "X-Content-Type-Options" => "nosniff",
-#   "X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies" => "none",
-#   "Referrer-Policy" => "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
-# }
-
-# Do not treat an `ActionController::Parameters` instance
-# as equal to an equivalent `Hash` by default.
-# Rails.application.config.action_controller.allow_deprecated_parameters_hash_equality = false
-
-# Active Record Encryption now uses SHA-256 as its hash digest algorithm. Important: If you have
-# data encrypted with previous Rails versions, there are two scenarios to consider:
-#
-# 1. If you have +config.active_support.key_generator_hash_digest_class+ configured as SHA1 (the default
-# before Rails 7.0), you need to configure SHA-1 for Active Record Encryption too:
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.encryption.hash_digest_class = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1
-# 2. If you have +config.active_support.key_generator_hash_digest_class+ configured as SHA256 (the new default
-# in 7.0), then you need to configure SHA-256 for Active Record Encryption:
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.encryption.hash_digest_class = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256
-#
-# If you don't currently have data encrypted with Active Record encryption, you can disable this setting to
-# configure the default behavior starting 7.1+:
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.encryption.support_sha1_for_non_deterministic_encryption = false
-
-# No longer run after_commit callbacks on the first of multiple Active Record
-# instances to save changes to the same database row within a transaction.
-# Instead, run these callbacks on the instance most likely to have internal
-# state which matches what was committed to the database, typically the last
-# instance to save.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.run_commit_callbacks_on_first_saved_instances_in_transaction = false
-
-# Configures SQLite with a strict strings mode, which disables double-quoted string literals.
-#
-# SQLite has some quirks around double-quoted string literals.
-# It first tries to consider double-quoted strings as identifier names, but if they don't exist
-# it then considers them as string literals. Because of this, typos can silently go unnoticed.
-# For example, it is possible to create an index for a non existing column.
-# See https://www.sqlite.org/quirks.html#double_quoted_string_literals_are_accepted for more details.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.sqlite3_adapter_strict_strings_by_default = true
-
-# Disable deprecated singular associations names
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.allow_deprecated_singular_associations_name = false
-
-# Enable the Active Job `BigDecimal` argument serializer, which guarantees
-# roundtripping. Without this serializer, some queue adapters may serialize
-# `BigDecimal` arguments as simple (non-roundtrippable) strings.
-#
-# When deploying an application with multiple replicas, old (pre-Rails 7.1)
-# replicas will not be able to deserialize `BigDecimal` arguments from this
-# serializer. Therefore, this setting should only be enabled after all replicas
-# have been successfully upgraded to Rails 7.1.
-# Rails.application.config.active_job.use_big_decimal_serializer = true
-
-# Specify if an `ArgumentError` should be raised if `Rails.cache` `fetch` or
-# `write` are given an invalid `expires_at` or `expires_in` time.
-# Options are `true`, and `false`. If `false`, the exception will be reported
-# as `handled` and logged instead.
-# Rails.application.config.active_support.raise_on_invalid_cache_expiration_time = true
-
-# Specify whether Query Logs will format tags using the SQLCommenter format
-# (https://open-telemetry.github.io/opentelemetry-sqlcommenter/), or using the legacy format.
-# Options are `:legacy` and `:sqlcommenter`.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.query_log_tags_format = :sqlcommenter
-
-# Specify the default serializer used by `MessageEncryptor` and `MessageVerifier`
-# instances.
-#
-# The legacy default is `:marshal`, which is a potential vector for
-# deserialization attacks in cases where a message signing secret has been
-# leaked.
-#
-# In Rails 7.1, the new default is `:json_allow_marshal` which serializes and
-# deserializes with `ActiveSupport::JSON`, but can fall back to deserializing
-# with `Marshal` so that legacy messages can still be read.
-#
-# In Rails 7.2, the default will become `:json` which serializes and
-# deserializes with `ActiveSupport::JSON` only.
-#
-# Alternatively, you can choose `:message_pack` or `:message_pack_allow_marshal`,
-# which serialize with `ActiveSupport::MessagePack`. `ActiveSupport::MessagePack`
-# can roundtrip some Ruby types that are not supported by JSON, and may provide
-# improved performance, but it requires the `msgpack` gem.
-#
-# For more information, see
-# https://guides.rubyonrails.org/v7.1/configuring.html#config-active-support-message-serializer
-#
-# If you are performing a rolling deploy of a Rails 7.1 upgrade, wherein servers
-# that have not yet been upgraded must be able to read messages from upgraded
-# servers, first deploy without changing the serializer, then set the serializer
-# in a subsequent deploy.
-# Rails.application.config.active_support.message_serializer = :json_allow_marshal
-
-# Enable a performance optimization that serializes message data and metadata
-# together. This changes the message format, so messages serialized this way
-# cannot be read by older versions of Rails. However, messages that use the old
-# format can still be read, regardless of whether this optimization is enabled.
-#
-# To perform a rolling deploy of a Rails 7.1 upgrade, wherein servers that have
-# not yet been upgraded must be able to read messages from upgraded servers,
-# leave this optimization off on the first deploy, then enable it on a
-# subsequent deploy.
-# Rails.application.config.active_support.use_message_serializer_for_metadata = true
-
-# Set the maximum size for Rails log files.
-#
-# `config.load_defaults 7.1` does not set this value for environments other than
-# development and test.
-#
-# if Rails.env.local?
-#   Rails.application.config.log_file_size = 100 * 1024 * 1024
-# end
-
-# Enable raising on assignment to attr_readonly attributes. The previous
-# behavior would allow assignment but silently not persist changes to the
-# database.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.raise_on_assign_to_attr_readonly = true
-
-# Enable validating only parent-related columns for presence when the parent is mandatory.
-# The previous behavior was to validate the presence of the parent record, which performed an extra query
-# to get the parent every time the child record was updated, even when parent has not changed.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.belongs_to_required_validates_foreign_key = false
-
-# Enable precompilation of `config.filter_parameters`. Precompilation can
-# improve filtering performance, depending on the quantity and types of filters.
-# Rails.application.config.precompile_filter_parameters = true
-
-# Enable before_committed! callbacks on all enrolled records in a transaction.
-# The previous behavior was to only run the callbacks on the first copy of a record
-# if there were multiple copies of the same record enrolled in the transaction.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.before_committed_on_all_records = true
-
-# Disable automatic column serialization into YAML.
-# To keep the historic behavior, you can set it to `YAML`, however it is
-# recommended to explicitly define the serialization method for each column
-# rather than to rely on a global default.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.default_column_serializer = nil
-
-# Enable a performance optimization that serializes Active Record models
-# in a faster and more compact way.
-#
-# To perform a rolling deploy of a Rails 7.1 upgrade, wherein servers that have
-# not yet been upgraded must be able to read caches from upgraded servers,
-# leave this optimization off on the first deploy, then enable it on a
-# subsequent deploy.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.marshalling_format_version = 7.1
-
-# Run `after_commit` and `after_*_commit` callbacks in the order they are defined in a model.
-# This matches the behaviour of all other callbacks.
-# In previous versions of Rails, they ran in the inverse order.
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.run_after_transaction_callbacks_in_order_defined = true
-
-# Whether a `transaction` block is committed or rolled back when exited via `return`, `break` or `throw`.
-#
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.commit_transaction_on_non_local_return = true
-
-# Controls when to generate a value for <tt>has_secure_token</tt> declarations.
-#
-# Rails.application.config.active_record.generate_secure_token_on = :initialize
-
-# ** Please read carefully, this must be configured in config/application.rb **
-# Change the format of the cache entry.
-# Changing this default means that all new cache entries added to the cache
-# will have a different format that is not supported by Rails 7.0
-# applications.
-# Only change this value after your application is fully deployed to Rails 7.1
-# and you have no plans to rollback.
-# When you're ready to change format, add this to `config/application.rb` (NOT
-# this file):
-#   config.active_support.cache_format_version = 7.1
-
-# Configure Action View to use HTML5 standards-compliant sanitizers when they are supported on your
-# platform.
-#
-# `Rails::HTML::Sanitizer.best_supported_vendor` will cause Action View to use HTML5-compliant
-# sanitizers if they are supported, else fall back to HTML4 sanitizers.
-#
-# In previous versions of Rails, Action View always used `Rails::HTML4::Sanitizer` as its vendor.
-#
-# Rails.application.config.action_view.sanitizer_vendor = Rails::HTML::Sanitizer.best_supported_vendor
-
-# Configure Action Text to use an HTML5 standards-compliant sanitizer when it is supported on your
-# platform.
-#
-# `Rails::HTML::Sanitizer.best_supported_vendor` will cause Action Text to use HTML5-compliant
-# sanitizers if they are supported, else fall back to HTML4 sanitizers.
-#
-# In previous versions of Rails, Action Text always used `Rails::HTML4::Sanitizer` as its vendor.
-#
-# Rails.application.config.action_text.sanitizer_vendor = Rails::HTML::Sanitizer.best_supported_vendor
-
-# Configure the log level used by the DebugExceptions middleware when logging
-# uncaught exceptions during requests
-# Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.debug_exception_log_level = :error
-
-# Configure the test helpers in Action View, Action Dispatch, and rails-dom-testing to use HTML5
-# parsers.
-#
-# Nokogiri::HTML5 isn't supported on JRuby, so JRuby applications must set this to :html4.
-#
-# In previous versions of Rails, these test helpers always used an HTML4 parser.
-#
-# Rails.application.config.dom_testing_default_html_version = :html5
diff --git a/config/locales/server.en.yml b/config/locales/server.en.yml
index 5b094278b24..533e6ef6a5b 100644
--- a/config/locales/server.en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/server.en.yml
@@ -323,7 +323,6 @@ en:
         other: is the wrong length (should be %{count} characters)
       other_than: "must be other than %{count}"
       auth_overrides_username: "Username needs to be updated on authentication provider side, since `auth_overrides_username` setting is enabled."
-      required: "must exist"
     template:
       body: ! "There were problems with the following fields:"
       header:
diff --git a/lib/discourse.rb b/lib/discourse.rb
index 4957b4c174c..2f910cf081a 100644
--- a/lib/discourse.rb
+++ b/lib/discourse.rb
@@ -954,7 +954,14 @@ module Discourse
   def self.warn(message, env = nil)
     append = env ? (+" ") << env.map { |k, v| "#{k}: #{v}" }.join(" ") : ""
 
-    loggers = Rails.logger.broadcasts
+    if !(Logster::Logger === Rails.logger)
+      Rails.logger.warn("#{message}#{append}")
+      return
+    end
+
+    loggers = [Rails.logger]
+    loggers.concat(Rails.logger.chained) if Rails.logger.chained
+
     logster_env = env
 
     if old_env = Thread.current[Logster::Logger::LOGSTER_ENV]
@@ -1109,7 +1116,16 @@ module Discourse
       end
     end
 
+    schema_cache = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.schema_cache
+
     RailsMultisite::ConnectionManagement.safe_each_connection do
+      # load up schema cache for all multisite assuming all dbs have
+      # an identical schema
+      dup_cache = schema_cache.dup
+      # this line is not really needed, but just in case the
+      # underlying implementation changes lets give it a shot
+      dup_cache.connection = nil
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.schema_cache = dup_cache
       I18n.t(:posts)
 
       # this will force Cppjieba to preload if any site has it
diff --git a/lib/hijack.rb b/lib/hijack.rb
index 1e123fd6fc3..b7a76808440 100644
--- a/lib/hijack.rb
+++ b/lib/hijack.rb
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ module Hijack
           # this trick avoids double render, also avoids any litter that the controller hooks
           # place on the response
           instance = controller_class.new
-          response = ActionDispatch::Response.new.tap { _1.request = request_copy }
-          instance.set_response!(response)
-          instance.set_request!(request_copy)
+          response = ActionDispatch::Response.new
+          instance.response = response
 
+          instance.request = request_copy
           original_headers&.each { |k, v| instance.response.headers[k] = v }
 
           view_start = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
diff --git a/lib/middleware/discourse_public_exceptions.rb b/lib/middleware/discourse_public_exceptions.rb
index c4ae0d673fb..d3666201608 100644
--- a/lib/middleware/discourse_public_exceptions.rb
+++ b/lib/middleware/discourse_public_exceptions.rb
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ module Middleware
       if exception
         begin
           fake_controller = ApplicationController.new
-          fake_controller.set_response!(response)
+          fake_controller.response = response
           fake_controller.request = request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
 
           # We can not re-dispatch bad mime types
diff --git a/lib/site_setting_extension.rb b/lib/site_setting_extension.rb
index b25fb13ee7d..d7b97eacf08 100644
--- a/lib/site_setting_extension.rb
+++ b/lib/site_setting_extension.rb
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ module SiteSettingExtension
   end
 
   def description(setting)
-    I18n.t("site_settings.#{setting}", base_path: Discourse.base_path, default: "")
+    I18n.t("site_settings.#{setting}", base_path: Discourse.base_path)
   end
 
   def keywords(setting)
diff --git a/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/category_channel.rb b/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/category_channel.rb
index c303c191a3c..e23a37f1a7c 100644
--- a/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/category_channel.rb
+++ b/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/category_channel.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 module Chat
   class CategoryChannel < Channel
-    alias_method :category, :chatable
+    alias_attribute :category, :chatable
 
     delegate :read_restricted?, to: :category
     delegate :url, to: :chatable, prefix: true
diff --git a/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/direct_message_channel.rb b/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/direct_message_channel.rb
index 2e5a1b8e2a9..ede478a9713 100644
--- a/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/direct_message_channel.rb
+++ b/plugins/chat/app/models/chat/direct_message_channel.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 module Chat
   class DirectMessageChannel < Channel
-    alias_method :direct_message, :chatable
+    alias_attribute :direct_message, :chatable
 
     def direct_message_channel?
       true
diff --git a/plugins/chat/spec/system/visit_channel_spec.rb b/plugins/chat/spec/system/visit_channel_spec.rb
index c268b41640d..506333ebd7e 100644
--- a/plugins/chat/spec/system/visit_channel_spec.rb
+++ b/plugins/chat/spec/system/visit_channel_spec.rb
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ RSpec.describe "Visit channel", type: :system do
           context "when visiting a specific channel message ID then navigating to another channel" do
             fab!(:early_message) { Fabricate(:chat_message, chat_channel: category_channel_1) }
             fab!(:other_channel) do
-              Fabricate(:category_channel, chatable: category_channel_1.chatable)
+              Fabricate(:category_channel, category: category_channel_1.chatable)
             end
             fab!(:other_channel_message) { Fabricate(:chat_message, chat_channel: other_channel) }
 
diff --git a/spec/integration/invalid_request_spec.rb b/spec/integration/invalid_request_spec.rb
index b845c3ef0e6..6d19bcb9c68 100644
--- a/spec/integration/invalid_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/integration/invalid_request_spec.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 RSpec.describe "invalid requests", type: :request do
-  let(:fake_logger) { FakeLogger.new }
+  before do
+    @orig_logger = Rails.logger
+    Rails.logger = @fake_logger = FakeLogger.new
+  end
 
-  before { Rails.logger.broadcast_to(fake_logger) }
-
-  after { Rails.logger.stop_broadcasting_to(fake_logger) }
+  after { Rails.logger = @orig_logger }
 
   it "handles NotFound with invalid json body" do
     post "/latest.json",
@@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ RSpec.describe "invalid requests", type: :request do
            "content-type" => "application/json",
          }
     expect(response.status).to eq(404)
-    expect(fake_logger.warnings.length).to eq(0)
-    expect(fake_logger.errors.length).to eq(0)
+    expect(@fake_logger.warnings.length).to eq(0)
+    expect(@fake_logger.errors.length).to eq(0)
   end
 
   it "handles EOFError when multipart request is malformed" do
@@ -26,14 +27,14 @@ RSpec.describe "invalid requests", type: :request do
            "content-length" => "1",
          }
     expect(response.status).to eq(400)
-    expect(fake_logger.warnings.length).to eq(0)
-    expect(fake_logger.errors.length).to eq(0)
+    expect(@fake_logger.warnings.length).to eq(0)
+    expect(@fake_logger.errors.length).to eq(0)
   end
 
   it "handles invalid parameters" do
     post "/latest.json", params: { "foo" => "\255bar" }
     expect(response.status).to eq(404)
-    expect(fake_logger.warnings.length).to eq(0)
-    expect(fake_logger.errors.length).to eq(0)
+    expect(@fake_logger.warnings.length).to eq(0)
+    expect(@fake_logger.errors.length).to eq(0)
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/lib/auth/default_current_user_provider_spec.rb b/spec/lib/auth/default_current_user_provider_spec.rb
index e06a711814e..cc0f1983829 100644
--- a/spec/lib/auth/default_current_user_provider_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/auth/default_current_user_provider_spec.rb
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::DefaultCurrentUserProvider do
   end
 
   def get_cookie_info(cookie_jar, name)
-    response = ActionDispatch::Response.new
+    headers = {}
     cookie_jar.always_write_cookie = true
-    cookie_jar.write(response)
+    cookie_jar.write(headers)
 
-    header = response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
+    header = headers["Set-Cookie"]
     return if header.nil?
 
     info = {}
diff --git a/spec/lib/email/message_builder_spec.rb b/spec/lib/email/message_builder_spec.rb
index 9b27835a2b9..3ad1fbd5300 100644
--- a/spec/lib/email/message_builder_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/email/message_builder_spec.rb
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ RSpec.describe Email::MessageBuilder do
 
   let(:body_modifier_block) { Proc.new { |subject, opts| "modified body" } }
   let(:visit_link_to_respond_modifier_block) do
-    Proc.new { |subject, opts| "modified_visit_link_to_respond" }
+    Proc.new { |subject, opts| "modified visit_link_to_respond" }
   end
-  let(:reply_by_email_modifier_block) { Proc.new { |subject, opts| "modified_reply_by_email" } }
+  let(:reply_by_email_modifier_block) { Proc.new { |subject, opts| "modified reply_by_email" } }
 
   it "has the correct to address" do
     expect(build_args[:to]).to eq(to_address)
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ RSpec.describe Email::MessageBuilder do
         include_respond_instructions: true,
         url: "http://localhost",
       )
-    expect(builder2.reply_by_email_key).to equal("modified_reply_by_email")
+    expect(builder2.reply_by_email_key).to equal("modified reply_by_email")
   ensure
     DiscoursePluginRegistry.unregister_modifier(
       plugin_instance,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ RSpec.describe Email::MessageBuilder do
         url: "http://localhost",
       )
     expect(builder2.template_args[:respond_instructions]).to include(
-      "modified_visit_link_to_respond",
+      "modified visit_link_to_respond",
     )
   ensure
     DiscoursePluginRegistry.unregister_modifier(
diff --git a/spec/lib/hijack_spec.rb b/spec/lib/hijack_spec.rb
index 041cdfd1de6..1c30928872a 100644
--- a/spec/lib/hijack_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/hijack_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ RSpec.describe Hijack do
       self.request = ActionController::TestRequest.new(env, nil, nil)
 
       # we need this for the 418
-      set_response!(ActionDispatch::Response.new)
+      self.response = ActionDispatch::Response.new
     end
 
     def hijack_test(&blk)
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@ RSpec.describe Hijack do
     end
   end
 
-  let(:tester) { Hijack::Tester.new }
+  let :tester do
+    Hijack::Tester.new
+  end
 
   describe "Request Tracker integration" do
-    let(:logger) do
+    let :logger do
       lambda do |env, data|
         @calls += 1
         @status = data[:status]
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ RSpec.describe Hijack do
     end
 
     result =
-      "HTTP/1.1 302 Found\r\nLocation: http://awesome.com\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nConnection: close\r\nX-Runtime: 1.000000\r\n\r\n"
+      "HTTP/1.1 302 Found\r\nLocation: http://awesome.com\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 84\r\nConnection: close\r\nX-Runtime: 1.000000\r\n\r\n<html><body>You are being <a href=\"http://awesome.com\">redirected</a>.</body></html>"
     expect(tester.io.string).to eq(result)
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/migration/safe_migrate_spec.rb b/spec/lib/migration/safe_migrate_spec.rb
index 9fe91b84e9f..3ed5413330a 100644
--- a/spec/lib/migration/safe_migrate_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/migration/safe_migrate_spec.rb
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@ RSpec.describe Migration::SafeMigrate do
   end
 
   def migrate_up(path)
-    migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(path).migrations
+    migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(path, ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration).migrations
     ActiveRecord::Migrator.new(
       :up,
       migrations,
-      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.schema_migration,
-      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.internal_metadata,
+      ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration,
       migrations.first.version,
     ).run
   end
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ RSpec.describe Migration::SafeMigrate do
 
     output = capture_stdout { migrate_up(path) }
 
-    expect(output).to include("change_column_null(:users, :username, true, nil)")
+    expect(output).to include("change_column_null(:users, :username, true)")
   end
 
   it "supports being disabled" do
diff --git a/spec/lib/site_setting_extension_spec.rb b/spec/lib/site_setting_extension_spec.rb
index cc77db21d2f..8aaa1fb45ff 100644
--- a/spec/lib/site_setting_extension_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/site_setting_extension_spec.rb
@@ -422,7 +422,9 @@ RSpec.describe SiteSettingExtension do
       end
     end
 
-    let(:test_enum_class) { TestEnumClass }
+    let :test_enum_class do
+      TestEnumClass
+    end
 
     before do
       settings.setting(:test_enum, "en", enum: test_enum_class)
diff --git a/spec/models/admin_dashboard_data_spec.rb b/spec/models/admin_dashboard_data_spec.rb
index e3e1a13607d..dc660c5b166 100644
--- a/spec/models/admin_dashboard_data_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/admin_dashboard_data_spec.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ RSpec.describe AdminDashboardData do
   end
 
   describe "#problem_message_check" do
-    let(:key) { "new_key" }
+    let(:key) { AdminDashboardData.problem_messages.first }
 
     after { described_class.clear_problem_message(key) }
 
diff --git a/spec/models/user_spec.rb b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
index 4b06b324de6..7a26329e532 100644
--- a/spec/models/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ RSpec.describe User do
           quoted_post = create_post(user: user, topic: topic, post_number: 1, raw: "quoted post")
           post = create_post(raw: <<~RAW)
             Lorem ipsum
-
+  
             [quote="#{user.username}, post:1, topic:#{quoted_post.topic.id}"]
             quoted post
             [/quote]
diff --git a/spec/rails_helper.rb b/spec/rails_helper.rb
index 943732be66e..c127fa662dc 100644
--- a/spec/rails_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/rails_helper.rb
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ RSpec.configure do |config|
     CachedCounting.disable
 
     begin
-      ActiveRecord::Migration.check_all_pending!
+      ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!
     rescue ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError
       raise "There are pending migrations, run RAILS_ENV=test bin/rake db:migrate"
     end
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ RSpec.configure do |config|
   end
 
   config.after(:each, type: :multisite) do
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.clear_all_connections!
+    ActiveRecord::Base.clear_all_connections!
     Rails.configuration.multisite = false # rubocop:disable Discourse/NoDirectMultisiteManipulation
     RailsMultisite::ConnectionManagement.clear_settings!
     ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
diff --git a/spec/requests/application_controller_spec.rb b/spec/requests/application_controller_spec.rb
index 4eaf6b5a1b8..78a83a574aa 100644
--- a/spec/requests/application_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/application_controller_spec.rb
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ RSpec.describe ApplicationController do
 
       expect(log).not_to include("exception app middleware")
 
-      expect(response.status).to eq(400)
+      expect(response.parsed_body).to eq("status" => 400, "error" => "Bad Request")
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/requests/categories_controller_spec.rb b/spec/requests/categories_controller_spec.rb
index 5d0a23bbf8d..1aecd088b26 100644
--- a/spec/requests/categories_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/categories_controller_spec.rb
@@ -39,16 +39,16 @@ RSpec.describe CategoriesController do
 
     it "redirects /category paths to /c paths" do
       get "/category/uncategorized"
-      expect(response).to have_http_status(:found)
-      expect(response).to redirect_to("/c/uncategorized")
+      expect(response.status).to eq(302)
+      expect(response.body).to include("c/uncategorized")
     end
 
     it "respects permalinks before redirecting /category paths to /c paths" do
       _perm = Permalink.create!(url: "category/something", category_id: category.id)
 
       get "/category/something"
-      expect(response).to have_http_status(:moved_permanently)
-      expect(response).to redirect_to(%r{/c/#{category.slug}})
+      expect(response.status).to eq(301)
+      expect(response.body).to include(category.slug)
     end
 
     it "returns the right response for a normal user" do
diff --git a/spec/requests/embed_controller_spec.rb b/spec/requests/embed_controller_spec.rb
index f21a5c92ddb..53284cc46f0 100644
--- a/spec/requests/embed_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/embed_controller_spec.rb
@@ -190,6 +190,8 @@ RSpec.describe EmbedController do
     context "with a host" do
       fab!(:embeddable_host)
 
+      before { Jobs.run_immediately! }
+
       it "doesn't raise an error with no referer" do
         get "/embed/comments", params: { embed_url: embed_url }
 
@@ -244,8 +246,6 @@ RSpec.describe EmbedController do
       end
 
       context "with success" do
-        before { Jobs.run_immediately! }
-
         it "tells the topic retriever to work when no previous embed is found" do
           TopicRetriever.any_instance.expects(:retrieve)
 
diff --git a/spec/requests/session_controller_spec.rb b/spec/requests/session_controller_spec.rb
index 25ad4e17853..df8867b276f 100644
--- a/spec/requests/session_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/session_controller_spec.rb
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ RSpec.describe SessionController do
           get "/session/sso_login", params: Rack::Utils.parse_query(sso.payload), headers: headers
 
           expect(response.status).to eq(403)
-          expect(response.body).to include(I18n.t("discourse_connect.account_not_approved"))
+          expect(response.parsed_body).to include(I18n.t("discourse_connect.account_not_approved"))
         end.to change { User.count }.by(1)
 
         logged_on_user = Discourse.current_user_provider.new(request.env).current_user
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ RSpec.describe SessionController do
         login_with_sso_and_invite
 
         expect(response.status).to eq(403)
-        expect(response.body).to include(I18n.t("discourse_connect.account_not_approved"))
+        expect(response.parsed_body).to include(I18n.t("discourse_connect.account_not_approved"))
         expect(invite.reload.redeemed?).to eq(true)
 
         user = User.find_by_email("bob@bob.com")
diff --git a/spec/requests/uploads_controller_multisite_spec.rb b/spec/requests/uploads_controller_multisite_spec.rb
index 5da91841111..badb310ef9d 100644
--- a/spec/requests/uploads_controller_multisite_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/uploads_controller_multisite_spec.rb
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ RSpec.describe UploadsController, type: %i[multisite request] do
     setup_s3
     SiteSetting.secure_uploads = true
     upload.update(secure: true)
-    sign_in(user)
-    freeze_time
   end
 
   it "redirects to the signed_url_for_path with the multisite DB name in the url" do
+    sign_in(user)
+    freeze_time
     get upload.short_path
 
-    expect(response).to redirect_to(/#{RailsMultisite::ConnectionManagement.current_db}/)
+    expect(response.body).to include(RailsMultisite::ConnectionManagement.current_db)
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/support/fake_logger.rb b/spec/support/fake_logger.rb
index d7c291d9cef..15c1a9e5f32 100644
--- a/spec/support/fake_logger.rb
+++ b/spec/support/fake_logger.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class FakeLogger
-  attr_reader :debugs, :infos, :warnings, :errors, :fatals, :severities
+  attr_reader :debugs, :infos, :warnings, :errors, :fatals
   attr_accessor :level
 
   def initialize
@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@ class FakeLogger
     @errors = []
     @fatals = []
     @level = Logger::DEBUG
-    @severities = { 0 => :debugs, 1 => :infos, 2 => :warnings, 3 => :errors, 4 => :fatals }
   end
 
-  def debug(message = nil)
+  def debug(message)
     @debugs << message
   end
 
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ class FakeLogger
     @level <= Logger::INFO
   end
 
-  def warn(message = nil)
+  def warn(message)
     @warnings << message
   end
 
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ class FakeLogger
     @level <= Logger::WARN
   end
 
-  def error(message = nil)
+  def error(message)
     @errors << message
   end
 
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ class FakeLogger
     @level <= Logger::ERROR
   end
 
-  def fatal(message = nil)
+  def fatal(message)
     @fatals << message
   end
 
@@ -56,12 +55,4 @@ class FakeLogger
 
   def formatter
   end
-
-  def add(severity, message = nil, progname = nil)
-    public_send(severities[severity]) << message
-  end
-
-  def broadcasts
-    [self]
-  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/support/i18n_helpers.rb b/spec/support/i18n_helpers.rb
index 99f2713a947..4e178d59042 100644
--- a/spec/support/i18n_helpers.rb
+++ b/spec/support/i18n_helpers.rb
@@ -2,12 +2,9 @@
 
 module I18nHelpers
   def allow_missing_translations
-    original_handler = I18n.exception_handler
-    I18n.exception_handler = nil
     Rails.application.config.i18n.raise_on_missing_translations = false
     yield
   ensure
-    I18n.exception_handler = original_handler
     Rails.application.config.i18n.raise_on_missing_translations = true
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/support/locales/dashboard.en.yml b/spec/support/locales/dashboard.en.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b0bfc1fe5c..00000000000
--- a/spec/support/locales/dashboard.en.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-en:
-  new_key: new_key
-  dashboard:
-    problem:
-      foo: foo
-      bar: bar
diff --git a/spec/support/locales/message_builder.en.yml b/spec/support/locales/message_builder.en.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 628f94d8357..00000000000
--- a/spec/support/locales/message_builder.en.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-en:
-  modified_visit_link_to_respond: modified_visit_link_to_respond
diff --git a/spec/support/locales/problem_check.en.yml b/spec/support/locales/problem_check.en.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 07898c9a3a8..00000000000
--- a/spec/support/locales/problem_check.en.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-en:
-  failing_check: failing_check