DEV: extract anniversary badge query (#19716)

So it can easily be overwritten in a plugin for example.

### Added more tests to provide better coverage

We previously only had `u.silenced_till IS NULL` but I made it consistent with pretty much every other places where we check for "active" users.

These two new lines do change the query a tiny bit though. 

**Before** 

- You could not get the badge if you were currently silenced (no matter what period is being checked)
- You could get the badge if you were suspended 😬 

**After**

- You can't get the badge if you were silenced during the past year
- You can't get the badge if you were suspended during the past year


### Improved the performance of the query by using `NOT EXISTS` instead of `LEFT JOIN / COUNT() = 0`

There is no difference in behaviour between 

```sql
LEFT JOIN user_badges AS ub ON ub.user_id = u.id AND ...
[...]
HAVING COUNT(ub.*) = 0
```

and

```sql
NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM user_badges AS ub WHERE ub.user_id = u.id AND ...)
```

The only difference is performance-wise. The `NOT EXISTS` is 10-30% faster on very large databases (aka. posts and users in X millions). I checked on 3 of the largest datasets I could find.

app/jobs/scheduled/grant_anniversary_badges.rb

@@ -6,34 +6,13 @@ module Jobs
 
     def execute(args)
       return unless SiteSetting.enable_badges?
-      badge = Badge.find_by(id: Badge::Anniversary, enabled: true)
-      return unless badge
+      return unless badge = Badge.find_by(id: Badge::Anniversary, enabled: true)
 
       start_date = args[:start_date] || 1.year.ago
       end_date = start_date + 1.year
 
-      fmt_end_date = end_date.iso8601(6)
-      fmt_start_date = start_date.iso8601(6)
-
-      user_ids = DB.query_single <<~SQL
-        SELECT u.id AS user_id
-        FROM users AS u
-        INNER JOIN posts AS p ON p.user_id = u.id
-        INNER JOIN topics AS t ON p.topic_id = t.id
-        LEFT OUTER JOIN user_badges AS ub ON ub.user_id = u.id AND
-          ub.badge_id = #{Badge::Anniversary} AND
-          ub.granted_at BETWEEN '#{fmt_start_date}' AND '#{fmt_end_date}'
-        WHERE u.active AND
-          u.silenced_till IS NULL AND
-          NOT p.hidden AND
-          p.deleted_at IS NULL AND
-          t.visible AND
-          t.archetype <> 'private_message' AND
-          p.created_at BETWEEN '#{fmt_start_date}' AND '#{fmt_end_date}' AND
-          u.created_at <= '#{fmt_start_date}'
-        GROUP BY u.id
-        HAVING COUNT(p.id) > 0 AND COUNT(ub.id) = 0
-      SQL
+      sql = BadgeQueries.anniversaries(start_date, end_date)
+      user_ids = DB.query_single(sql)
 
       User
         .where(id: user_ids)

lib/badge_queries.rb

@@ -271,4 +271,32 @@ module BadgeQueries
        WHERE "rank" = 1
     SQL
   end
+
+  def self.anniversaries(start_date, end_date)
+    start_date = start_date.iso8601(6)
+    end_date = end_date.iso8601(6)
+
+    <<~SQL
+      SELECT u.id
+        FROM users AS u
+        JOIN posts AS p ON p.user_id = u.id
+        JOIN topics AS t ON p.topic_id = t.id
+       WHERE u.id > 0
+         AND u.active
+         AND NOT u.staged
+         AND (u.silenced_till IS NULL OR u.silenced_till < '#{start_date}')
+         AND (u.suspended_till IS NULL OR u.suspended_till < '#{start_date}')
+         AND u.created_at <= '#{start_date}'
+         AND NOT p.hidden
+         AND p.deleted_at IS NULL
+         AND p.created_at BETWEEN '#{start_date}' AND '#{end_date}'
+         AND t.visible
+         AND t.archetype <> 'private_message'
+         AND t.deleted_at IS NULL
+         AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM user_badges AS ub WHERE ub.user_id = u.id AND ub.badge_id = #{Badge::Anniversary} AND ub.granted_at BETWEEN '#{start_date}' AND '#{end_date}')
+         AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM anonymous_users AS au WHERE au.user_id = u.id)
+       GROUP BY u.id
+      HAVING COUNT(p.id) > 0
+    SQL
+  end
 end

spec/jobs/grant_anniversary_badges_spec.rb

@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ RSpec.describe Jobs::GrantAnniversaryBadges do
     expect(badge).to be_blank
   end
 
+  it "doesn't award to a bot" do
+    user = Fabricate(:bot, created_at: 400.days.ago)
+    Fabricate(:post, user: user, created_at: 1.week.ago)
+    granter.execute({})
+
+    badge = user.user_badges.where(badge_id: Badge::Anniversary)
+    expect(badge).to be_blank
+  end
+
   it "doesn't award to an inactive user" do
     user = Fabricate(:user, created_at: 400.days.ago, active: false)
     Fabricate(:post, user: user, created_at: 1.week.ago)
@@ -30,6 +39,33 @@ RSpec.describe Jobs::GrantAnniversaryBadges do
     expect(badge).to be_blank
   end
 
+  it "doesn't award to a suspended user" do
+    user = Fabricate(:user, created_at: 400.days.ago, suspended_till: 1.year.from_now)
+    Fabricate(:post, user: user, created_at: 1.week.ago)
+    granter.execute({})
+
+    badge = user.user_badges.where(badge_id: Badge::Anniversary)
+    expect(badge).to be_blank
+  end
+
+  it "doesn't award to a staged user" do
+    user = Fabricate(:user, created_at: 400.days.ago, staged: true)
+    Fabricate(:post, user: user, created_at: 1.week.ago)
+    granter.execute({})
+
+    badge = user.user_badges.where(badge_id: Badge::Anniversary)
+    expect(badge).to be_blank
+  end
+
+  it "doesn't award to an anonymous user" do
+    user = Fabricate(:anonymous, created_at: 400.days.ago)
+    Fabricate(:post, user: user, created_at: 1.week.ago)
+    granter.execute({})
+
+    badge = user.user_badges.where(badge_id: Badge::Anniversary)
+    expect(badge).to be_blank
+  end
+
   it "doesn't award when a post is deleted" do
     user = Fabricate(:user, created_at: 400.days.ago)
     Fabricate(:post, user: user, created_at: 1.week.ago, deleted_at: 1.day.ago)