While using `OpenStruct` is nice, it’s generally not a very good idea as
it usually leads to performance problems.
The `OpenStruct` source code even says basically to avoid it.
Since the context object is crucial in our services, this patch replaces
`OpenStruct` with a custom implementation instead.
Currently in services, the `contract` step is only used to define where
the contract will be called in the execution flow. Then, a `Contract`
class has to be defined with validations in it.
This patch allows the `contract` step to take a block containing
validations, attributes, etc. directly. No need to then open a
`Contract` class later in the service.
It also has a nice side effect, as it’s now easy to define multiples
contracts inside the same service. Before, we had the `class_name:`
option, but it wasn’t really useful as you had to redefine a complete
new contract class.
Now, when using a name for the contract other than `default`, a new
contract will be created automatically using the provided name.
Example:
```ruby
contract(:user) do
attribute :user_id, :integer
validates :user_id, presence: true
end
```
This will create a `UserContract` class and use it, also putting the
resulting contract in `context[:user_contract]`.
With the current implementation, a service step can be written as:
```ruby
def my_step(a_default_value: 2)
…
end
```
That’s a pattern we want to avoid as default values (if needed) should
be probably defined in a contract.
This patch makes a service raise an exception if a default value is
encountered.
This will help to enforce a consistent pattern for creating service
actions.
This patch also namespaces actions and policies, making everything
related to a service available directly in
`app/services/<concept-name>`, making things more consistent at that
level too.
Loïc Guitaut