discourse/lib/middleware/request_tracker.rb

556 lines
17 KiB
Ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true
require "method_profiler"
require "middleware/anonymous_cache"
require "http_user_agent_encoder"
class Middleware::RequestTracker
@@detailed_request_loggers = nil
@@ip_skipper = nil
# You can add exceptions to our app rate limiter in the app.yml ENV section.
# example:
#
# env:
# DISCOURSE_MAX_REQS_PER_IP_EXCEPTIONS: >-
# 14.15.16.32/27
# 216.148.1.2
#
STATIC_IP_SKIPPER =
ENV["DISCOURSE_MAX_REQS_PER_IP_EXCEPTIONS"]&.split&.map { |ip| IPAddr.new(ip) }
# register callbacks for detailed request loggers called on every request
# example:
#
# Middleware::RequestTracker.detailed_request_logger(->|env, data| do
# # do stuff with env and data
# end
def self.register_detailed_request_logger(callback)
MethodProfiler.ensure_discourse_instrumentation!
(@@detailed_request_loggers ||= []) << callback
end
def self.unregister_detailed_request_logger(callback)
@@detailed_request_loggers.delete(callback)
@detailed_request_loggers = nil if @@detailed_request_loggers.length == 0
end
# used for testing
def self.unregister_ip_skipper
@@ip_skipper = nil
end
# Register a custom `ip_skipper`, a function that will skip rate limiting
# for any IP that returns true.
#
# For example, if you never wanted to rate limit 1.2.3.4
#
# ```
# Middleware::RequestTracker.register_ip_skipper do |ip|
# ip == "1.2.3.4"
# end
# ```
def self.register_ip_skipper(&blk)
raise "IP skipper is already registered!" if @@ip_skipper
@@ip_skipper = blk
end
def self.ip_skipper
@@ip_skipper
end
def initialize(app, settings = {})
@app = app
end
def self.log_request(data)
if data[:is_api]
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:api)
elsif data[:is_user_api]
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:user_api)
elsif data[:track_view]
if data[:is_crawler]
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_crawler)
WebCrawlerRequest.increment!(data[:user_agent])
elsif data[:has_auth_cookie]
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_logged_in)
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_logged_in_mobile) if data[:is_mobile]
if data[:explicit_track_view]
# Must be a browser if it had this header from our ajax implementation
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_logged_in_browser)
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_logged_in_browser_mobile) if data[:is_mobile]
if data[:topic_id].present? && data[:current_user_id].present?
TopicsController.defer_topic_view(
data[:topic_id],
data[:request_remote_ip],
data[:current_user_id],
)
end
end
elsif !SiteSetting.login_required
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_anon)
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_anon_mobile) if data[:is_mobile]
if data[:explicit_track_view]
# Must be a browser if it had this header from our ajax implementation
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_anon_browser)
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_anon_browser_mobile) if data[:is_mobile]
if data[:topic_id].present?
TopicsController.defer_topic_view(data[:topic_id], data[:request_remote_ip])
end
end
end
end
# Message-bus requests may include this 'deferred track' header which we use to detect
# 'real browser' views.
if data[:deferred_track] && !data[:is_crawler]
if data[:has_auth_cookie]
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_logged_in_browser)
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_logged_in_browser_mobile) if data[:is_mobile]
if data[:topic_id].present? && data[:current_user_id].present?
TopicsController.defer_topic_view(
data[:topic_id],
data[:request_remote_ip],
data[:current_user_id],
)
end
elsif !SiteSetting.login_required
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_anon_browser)
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:page_view_anon_browser_mobile) if data[:is_mobile]
if data[:topic_id].present?
TopicsController.defer_topic_view(data[:topic_id], data[:request_remote_ip])
end
end
end
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:http_total)
status = data[:status]
if status >= 500
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:http_5xx)
elsif data[:is_background]
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:http_background)
elsif status >= 400
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:http_4xx)
elsif status >= 300
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:http_3xx)
elsif status >= 200
ApplicationRequest.increment!(:http_2xx)
end
end
def self.get_data(env, result, timing, request = nil)
status, headers = result
# result may be nil if the downstream app raised an exception
status = status.to_i
headers ||= {}
request ||= Rack::Request.new(env)
helper = Middleware::AnonymousCache::Helper.new(env, request)
# Since ActionDispatch::RemoteIp middleware is run before this middleware,
# we have access to the normalised remote IP based on ActionDispatch::RemoteIp::GetIp
#
# NOTE: Locally with MessageBus requests, the remote IP ends up as ::1 because
# of the X-Forwarded-For header set...somewhere, whereas all other requests
# end up as 127.0.0.1.
request_remote_ip = env["action_dispatch.remote_ip"].to_s
# Value of the discourse-track-view request header, set in `lib/ajax.js`
env_track_view = env["HTTP_DISCOURSE_TRACK_VIEW"]
# Was the discourse-track-view request header set to true? Likely
# set by our ajax library to indicate a page view.
explicit_track_view = status == 200 && %w[1 true].include?(env_track_view)
# An HTML response to a GET request is tracked implicitly
implicit_track_view =
status == 200 && !%w[0 false].include?(env_track_view) && request.get? && !request.xhr? &&
headers["Content-Type"] =~ %r{text/html}
# This header is sent on a follow-up request after a real browser loads up a page
# see `scripts/pageview.js` and `instance-initializers/page-tracking.js`
deferred_track_view = %w[1 true].include?(env["HTTP_DISCOURSE_DEFERRED_TRACK_VIEW"])
# This is treated separately from deferred tracking in #log_request, this is
# why deferred_track_view is not counted here.
track_view = !!(explicit_track_view || implicit_track_view)
# These are set in the same place as the respective track view headers in the client.
topic_id =
if deferred_track_view
env["HTTP_DISCOURSE_DEFERRED_TRACK_VIEW_TOPIC_ID"]
elsif explicit_track_view || implicit_track_view
env["HTTP_DISCOURSE_TRACK_VIEW_TOPIC_ID"]
end
auth_cookie = Auth::DefaultCurrentUserProvider.find_v0_auth_cookie(request)
auth_cookie ||= Auth::DefaultCurrentUserProvider.find_v1_auth_cookie(env)
has_auth_cookie = auth_cookie.present?
is_api ||= !!env[Auth::DefaultCurrentUserProvider::API_KEY_ENV]
is_user_api ||= !!env[Auth::DefaultCurrentUserProvider::USER_API_KEY_ENV]
is_message_bus = request.path.start_with?("#{Discourse.base_path}/message-bus/")
is_topic_timings = request.path.start_with?("#{Discourse.base_path}/topics/timings")
# Auth cookie can be used to find the ID for logged in users, but API calls must look up the
# current user based on env variables.
#
# We only care about this for topic views, other pageviews it's enough to know if the user is
# logged in or not, and we have separate pageview tracking for API views.
current_user_id =
if topic_id.present?
begin
(auth_cookie&.[](:user_id) || CurrentUser.lookup_from_env(env)&.id)
rescue Discourse::InvalidAccess => err
# This error is raised when the API key is invalid, no need to stop the show.
Discourse.warn_exception(
err,
message: "RequestTracker.get_data failed with an invalid API key error",
)
nil
end
end
h = {
status: status,
is_crawler: helper.is_crawler?,
has_auth_cookie: has_auth_cookie,
current_user_id: current_user_id,
topic_id: topic_id,
is_api: is_api,
is_user_api: is_user_api,
is_background: is_message_bus || is_topic_timings,
is_mobile: helper.is_mobile?,
track_view: track_view,
timing: timing,
queue_seconds: env["REQUEST_QUEUE_SECONDS"],
explicit_track_view: explicit_track_view,
deferred_track: deferred_track_view,
request_remote_ip: request_remote_ip,
}
if h[:is_background]
h[:background_type] = if is_message_bus
if request.query_string.include?("dlp=t")
"message-bus-dlp"
elsif env["HTTP_DONT_CHUNK"]
"message-bus-dontchunk"
else
"message-bus"
end
else
"topic-timings"
end
end
if h[:is_crawler]
user_agent = env["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]
user_agent = HttpUserAgentEncoder.ensure_utf8(user_agent) if user_agent
h[:user_agent] = user_agent
end
if cache = headers["X-Discourse-Cached"]
h[:cache] = cache
end
h
end
def log_request_info(env, result, info, request = nil)
# We've got to skip this on error ... its just logging
data =
begin
self.class.get_data(env, result, info, request)
rescue StandardError => err
Discourse.warn_exception(err, message: "RequestTracker.get_data failed")
# This is super hard to find if in testing, we should still raise in this case.
raise err if Rails.env.test?
nil
end
if data
if result && (headers = result[1])
headers["X-Discourse-TrackView"] = "1" if data[:track_view]
end
if @@detailed_request_loggers
@@detailed_request_loggers.each { |logger| logger.call(env, data) }
end
log_later(data)
end
end
def self.populate_request_queue_seconds!(env)
if !env["REQUEST_QUEUE_SECONDS"]
if queue_start = env["HTTP_X_REQUEST_START"]
queue_start =
if queue_start.start_with?("t=")
queue_start.split("t=")[1].to_f
else
queue_start.to_f / 1000.0
end
queue_time = (Time.now.to_f - queue_start)
env["REQUEST_QUEUE_SECONDS"] = queue_time
end
end
end
def call(env)
result = nil
info = nil
gc_stat_timing = nil
# doing this as early as possible so we have an
# accurate counter
::Middleware::RequestTracker.populate_request_queue_seconds!(env)
request = Rack::Request.new(env)
cookie = find_auth_cookie(env)
if error_details = rate_limit(request, cookie)
available_in, error_code, limit_on_id = error_details
message = <<~TEXT
Slow down, too many requests from this #{limit_on_id ? "user" : "IP address"}.
Please retry again in #{available_in} seconds.
Error code: #{error_code}.
TEXT
headers = {
"Content-Type" => "text/plain",
"Retry-After" => available_in.to_s,
"Discourse-Rate-Limit-Error-Code" => error_code,
}
if username = cookie&.[](:username)
headers["X-Discourse-Username"] = username
end
return 429, headers, [message]
end
if !cookie
if error_details = check_crawler_limits(env)
available_in, error_code = error_details
message = "Too many crawling requests. Error code: #{error_code}."
headers = {
"Content-Type" => "text/plain",
"Retry-After" => available_in.to_s,
"Discourse-Rate-Limit-Error-Code" => error_code,
}
return 429, headers, [message]
end
end
env["discourse.request_tracker"] = self
MethodProfiler.start
if SiteSetting.instrument_gc_stat_per_request
gc_stat_timing = GCStatInstrumenter.instrument { result = @app.call(env) }
else
result = @app.call(env)
end
info = MethodProfiler.stop
# possibly transferred?
if info && (headers = result[1])
headers["X-Runtime"] = "%0.6f" % info[:total_duration]
if GlobalSetting.enable_performance_http_headers
if redis = info[:redis]
headers["X-Redis-Calls"] = redis[:calls].to_s
headers["X-Redis-Time"] = "%0.6f" % redis[:duration]
end
if sql = info[:sql]
headers["X-Sql-Calls"] = sql[:calls].to_s
headers["X-Sql-Time"] = "%0.6f" % sql[:duration]
end
if queue = env["REQUEST_QUEUE_SECONDS"]
headers["X-Queue-Time"] = "%0.6f" % queue
end
end
end
if env[Auth::DefaultCurrentUserProvider::BAD_TOKEN] && (headers = result[1])
headers["Discourse-Logged-Out"] = "1"
end
result
ensure
if (limiters = env["DISCOURSE_RATE_LIMITERS"]) && env["DISCOURSE_IS_ASSET_PATH"]
limiters.each(&:rollback!)
env["DISCOURSE_ASSET_RATE_LIMITERS"].each do |limiter|
begin
limiter.performed!
rescue RateLimiter::LimitExceeded
# skip
end
end
end
if !env["discourse.request_tracker.skip"]
info.merge!(gc_stat_timing) if gc_stat_timing
log_request_info(env, result, info, request)
end
end
def log_later(data)
Scheduler::Defer.later("Track view") do
self.class.log_request(data) unless Discourse.pg_readonly_mode?
end
end
def find_auth_cookie(env)
min_allowed_timestamp = Time.now.to_i - (UserAuthToken::ROTATE_TIME_MINS + 1) * 60
cookie = Auth::DefaultCurrentUserProvider.find_v1_auth_cookie(env)
cookie if cookie && cookie[:issued_at] >= min_allowed_timestamp
end
def is_private_ip?(ip)
ip = IPAddr.new(ip)
!!(ip && (ip.private? || ip.loopback?))
rescue IPAddr::AddressFamilyError, IPAddr::InvalidAddressError
false
end
def rate_limit(request, cookie)
warn =
GlobalSetting.max_reqs_per_ip_mode == "warn" ||
GlobalSetting.max_reqs_per_ip_mode == "warn+block"
block =
GlobalSetting.max_reqs_per_ip_mode == "block" ||
GlobalSetting.max_reqs_per_ip_mode == "warn+block"
return if !block && !warn
ip = request.ip
if !GlobalSetting.max_reqs_rate_limit_on_private
return if is_private_ip?(ip)
end
return if @@ip_skipper&.call(ip)
return if STATIC_IP_SKIPPER&.any? { |entry| entry.include?(ip) }
ip_or_id = ip
limit_on_id = false
if cookie && cookie[:user_id] && cookie[:trust_level] &&
cookie[:trust_level] >= GlobalSetting.skip_per_ip_rate_limit_trust_level
ip_or_id = cookie[:user_id]
limit_on_id = true
end
limiter10 =
RateLimiter.new(
nil,
"global_limit_10_#{ip_or_id}",
GlobalSetting.max_reqs_per_ip_per_10_seconds,
10,
global: !limit_on_id,
aggressive: true,
error_code: limit_on_id ? "id_10_secs_limit" : "ip_10_secs_limit",
)
limiter60 =
RateLimiter.new(
nil,
"global_limit_60_#{ip_or_id}",
GlobalSetting.max_reqs_per_ip_per_minute,
60,
global: !limit_on_id,
error_code: limit_on_id ? "id_60_secs_limit" : "ip_60_secs_limit",
aggressive: true,
)
limiter_assets10 =
RateLimiter.new(
nil,
"global_limit_10_assets_#{ip_or_id}",
GlobalSetting.max_asset_reqs_per_ip_per_10_seconds,
10,
error_code: limit_on_id ? "id_assets_10_secs_limit" : "ip_assets_10_secs_limit",
global: !limit_on_id,
)
request.env["DISCOURSE_RATE_LIMITERS"] = [limiter10, limiter60]
request.env["DISCOURSE_ASSET_RATE_LIMITERS"] = [limiter_assets10]
if !limiter_assets10.can_perform?
if warn
limited_on = limit_on_id ? "user_id" : "ip"
Discourse.warn(
"Global asset rate limit exceeded for #{limited_on}: #{ip}: 10 second rate limit",
uri: request.env["REQUEST_URI"],
)
end
if block
return [
limiter_assets10.seconds_to_wait(Time.now.to_i),
limiter_assets10.error_code,
limit_on_id
]
end
end
begin
type = 10
limiter10.performed!
type = 60
limiter60.performed!
nil
rescue RateLimiter::LimitExceeded => e
if warn
limited_on = limit_on_id ? "user_id" : "ip"
Discourse.warn(
"Global rate limit exceeded for #{limited_on}: #{ip}: #{type} second rate limit",
uri: request.env["REQUEST_URI"],
)
end
if block
[e.available_in, e.error_code, limit_on_id]
else
nil
end
end
end
def check_crawler_limits(env)
slow_down_agents = SiteSetting.slow_down_crawler_user_agents
return if slow_down_agents.blank?
user_agent = HttpUserAgentEncoder.ensure_utf8(env["HTTP_USER_AGENT"])&.downcase
return if user_agent.blank?
return if !CrawlerDetection.crawler?(user_agent)
slow_down_agents
.downcase
.split("|")
.each do |crawler|
if user_agent.include?(crawler)
key = "#{crawler}_crawler_rate_limit"
limiter =
RateLimiter.new(nil, key, 1, SiteSetting.slow_down_crawler_rate, error_code: key)
limiter.performed!
break
end
end
nil
rescue RateLimiter::LimitExceeded => e
[e.available_in, e.error_code]
end
end