discourse/lib/service/base.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

module Service
  module Base
    extend ActiveSupport::Concern

    # The only exception that can be raised by a service.
    class Failure < StandardError
      # @return [Context]
      attr_reader :context

      # @!visibility private
      def initialize(context = nil)
        @context = context
        super
      end
    end

    # Simple structure to hold the context of the service during its whole lifecycle.
    class Context
      delegate :slice, :dig, to: :store

      def initialize(context = {})
        @store = context.symbolize_keys
      end

      def [](key)
        store[key.to_sym]
      end

      def []=(key, value)
        store[key.to_sym] = value
      end

      def to_h
        store.dup
      end

      # @return [Boolean] returns +true+ if the context is set as successful (default)
      def success?
        !failure?
      end

      # @return [Boolean] returns +true+ if the context is set as failed
      # @see #fail!
      # @see #fail
      def failure?
        @failure || false
      end

      # Marks the context as failed.
      # @param context [Hash, Context] the context to merge into the current one
      # @example
      #   context.fail!("failure": "something went wrong")
      # @return [Context]
      def fail!(context = {})
        self.fail(context)
        raise Failure, self
      end

      # Marks the context as failed without raising an exception.
      # @param context [Hash, Context] the context to merge into the current one
      # @example
      #   context.fail("failure": "something went wrong")
      # @return [Context]
      def fail(context = {})
        store.merge!(context.symbolize_keys)
        @failure = true
        self
      end

      def inspect_steps
        Service::StepsInspector.new(self).inspect
      end

      private

      attr_reader :store

      def self.build(context = {})
        self === context ? context : new(context)
      end

      def method_missing(method_name, *args, &block)
        return super if args.present?
        store[method_name]
      end
    end

    # Internal module to define available steps as DSL
    # @!visibility private
    module StepsHelpers
      def model(name = :model, step_name = :"fetch_#{name}", optional: false)
        steps << ModelStep.new(name, step_name, optional:)
      end

      def params(name = :default, default_values_from: nil, &block)
        contract_class = Class.new(Service::ContractBase).tap { _1.class_eval(&block) }
        const_set("#{name.to_s.classify.sub("Default", "")}Contract", contract_class)
        steps << ContractStep.new(name, class_name: contract_class, default_values_from:)
      end

      def policy(name = :default, class_name: nil)
        steps << PolicyStep.new(name, class_name:)
      end

      def step(name)
        steps << Step.new(name)
      end

      def transaction(&block)
        steps << TransactionStep.new(&block)
      end

      def options(&block)
        klass = Class.new(Service::OptionsBase).tap { _1.class_eval(&block) }
        const_set("Options", klass)
        steps << OptionsStep.new(:default, class_name: klass)
      end

      def try(*exceptions, &block)
        steps << TryStep.new(exceptions, &block)
      end
    end

    # @!visibility private
    class Step
      attr_reader :name, :method_name, :class_name, :instance, :context

      def initialize(name, method_name = name, class_name: nil)
        @name = name
        @method_name = method_name
        @class_name = class_name
      end

      def call(instance, context)
        @instance, @context = instance, context
        context[result_key] = Context.build
        with_runtime { run_step }
      end

      def result_key
        "result.#{type}.#{name}"
      end

      private

      def run_step
        object = class_name&.new(context)
        method = object&.method(:call) || instance.method(method_name)
        if !object && method.parameters.any? { _1[0] != :keyreq }
          raise "In #{type} '#{name}': default values in step implementations are not allowed. Maybe they could be defined in a params or options block?"
        end
        args = context.slice(*method.parameters.select { _1[0] == :keyreq }.map(&:last))
        context[result_key][:object] = object if object
        instance.instance_exec(**args, &method)
      end

      def type
        self.class.name.split("::").last.downcase.sub(/^(\w+)step$/, "\\1")
      end

      def with_runtime
        started_at = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
        yield.tap do
          ended_at = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
          context[result_key][:__runtime__] = ended_at - started_at
        end
      end
    end

    # @!visibility private
    class ModelStep < Step
      attr_reader :optional

      def initialize(name, method_name = name, class_name: nil, optional: nil)
        super(name, method_name, class_name: class_name)
        @optional = optional.present?
      end

      def run_step
        context[name] = super
        if !optional && (!context[name] || context[name].try(:empty?))
          raise ArgumentError, "Model not found"
        end
        if context[name].try(:invalid?)
          context[result_key].fail(invalid: true)
          context.fail!
        end
      rescue ArgumentError => exception
        context[result_key].fail(exception: exception, not_found: true)
        context.fail!
      end
    end

    # @!visibility private
    class PolicyStep < Step
      def run_step
        if !super
          context[result_key].fail(reason: context[result_key].object&.reason)
          context.fail!
        end
      end
    end

    # @!visibility private
    class ContractStep < Step
      attr_reader :default_values_from

      def initialize(name, method_name = name, class_name: nil, default_values_from: nil)
        super(name, method_name, class_name: class_name)
        @default_values_from = default_values_from
      end

      def run_step
        attributes = class_name.attribute_names.map(&:to_sym)
        default_values = {}
        default_values = context[default_values_from].slice(*attributes) if default_values_from
        contract =
          class_name.new(
            **default_values.merge(context[:params].slice(*attributes)),
            options: context[:options],
          )
        context[contract_name] = contract
        if contract.invalid?
          context[result_key].fail(errors: contract.errors, parameters: contract.raw_attributes)
          context.fail!
        end
        contract.freeze
      end

      private

      def contract_name
        return :params if default?
        :"#{name}_contract"
      end

      def default?
        name.to_sym == :default
      end
    end

    # @!visibility private
    class TransactionStep < Step
      include StepsHelpers

      attr_reader :steps

      def initialize(&block)
        @steps = []
        instance_exec(&block)
      end

      def run_step
        ActiveRecord::Base.transaction { steps.each { |step| step.call(instance, context) } }
      end
    end

    # @!visibility private
    class TryStep < Step
      include StepsHelpers

      attr_reader :steps, :exceptions

      def initialize(exceptions, &block)
        @name = "default"
        @steps = []
        @exceptions = exceptions.presence || [StandardError]
        instance_exec(&block)
      end

      def run_step
        steps.each do |step|
          @current_step = step
          step.call(instance, context)
        end
      rescue *exceptions => e
        raise e if e.is_a?(Failure)
        context[@current_step.result_key].fail(raised_exception?: true, exception: e)
        context[result_key][:exception] = e
        context.fail!
      end
    end

    # @!visibility private
    class OptionsStep < Step
      def run_step
        context[:options] = class_name.new(context[:options])
      end
    end

    included do
      # The global context which is available from any step.
      attr_reader :context
    end

    class_methods do
      include StepsHelpers

      def call(context = {}, &actions)
        return new(context).tap(&:run).context unless block_given?
        Service::Runner.call(self, context, &actions)
      end

      def call!(context = {})
        new(context).tap(&:run!).context
      end

      def steps
        @steps ||= []
      end
    end

    # @!scope class
    # @!method model(name = :model, step_name = :"fetch_#{name}", optional: false)
    # @param name [Symbol] name of the model
    # @param step_name [Symbol] name of the method to call for this step
    # @param optional [Boolean] if +true+, then the step won’t fail if its return value is falsy.
    # Evaluates arbitrary code to build or fetch a model (typically from the
    # DB). If the step returns a falsy value, then the step will fail.
    #
    # It stores the resulting model in +context[:model]+ by default (can be
    # customized by providing the +name+ argument).
    #
    # @example
    #   model :channel
    #
    #   private
    #
    #   def fetch_channel(channel_id:)
    #     Chat::Channel.find_by(id: channel_id)
    #   end

    # @!scope class
    # @!method policy(name = :default, class_name: nil)
    # @param name [Symbol] name for this policy
    # @param class_name [Class] a policy object (should inherit from +PolicyBase+)
    # Performs checks related to the state of the system. If the
    # step doesn’t return a truthy value, then the policy will fail.
    #
    # When using a policy object, there is no need to define a method on the
    # service for the policy step. The policy object `#call` method will be
    # called and if the result isn’t truthy, a `#reason` method is expected to
    # be implemented to explain the failure.
    #
    # Policy objects are usually useful for more complex logic.
    #
    # @example Without a policy object
    #   policy :no_direct_message_channel
    #
    #   private
    #
    #   def no_direct_message_channel(channel:)
    #     !channel.direct_message_channel?
    #   end
    #
    # @example With a policy object
    #   # in the service object
    #   policy :no_direct_message_channel, class_name: NoDirectMessageChannelPolicy
    #
    #   # in the policy object File
    #   class NoDirectMessageChannelPolicy < PolicyBase
    #     def call
    #       !context.channel.direct_message_channel?
    #     end
    #
    #     def reason
    #       "Direct message channels aren’t supported"
    #     end
    #   end

    # @!scope class
    # @!method params(name = :default, default_values_from: nil, &block)
    # @param name [Symbol] name for this contract
    # @param default_values_from [Symbol] name of the model to get default values from
    # @param block [Proc] a block containing validations
    # Checks the validity of the input parameters.
    # Implements ActiveModel::Validations and ActiveModel::Attributes.
    #
    # It stores the resulting contract in +context[:params]+ by default
    # (can be customized by providing the +name+ argument).
    #
    # @example
    #   params do
    #     attribute :name
    #     validates :name, presence: true
    #   end

    # @!scope class
    # @!method step(name)
    # @param name [Symbol] the name of this step
    # Runs arbitrary code. To mark a step as failed, a call to {#fail!} needs
    # to be made explicitly.
    #
    # @example
    #   step :update_channel
    #
    #   private
    #
    #   def update_channel(channel:, params_to_edit:)
    #     channel.update!(params_to_edit)
    #   end
    # @example using {#fail!} in a step
    #   step :save_channel
    #
    #   private
    #
    #   def save_channel(channel:)
    #     fail!("something went wrong") if !channel.save
    #   end

    # @!scope class
    # @!method transaction(&block)
    # @param block [Proc] a block containing steps to be run inside a transaction
    # Runs steps inside a DB transaction.
    #
    # @example
    #   transaction do
    #     step :prevents_slug_collision
    #     step :soft_delete_channel
    #     step :log_channel_deletion
    #   end

    # @!scope class
    # @!method options(&block)
    # @param block [Proc] a block containing options definition
    # This is used to define options allowing to parameterize the service
    # behavior. The resulting options are available in `context[:options]`.
    #
    # @example
    #   options do
    #     attribute :my_option, :boolean, default: false
    #   end

    # @!visibility private
    def initialize(initial_context = {})
      @context =
        Context.build(
          initial_context
            .compact
            .reverse_merge(params: {})
            .merge(__steps__: self.class.steps, __service_class__: self.class),
        )
      initialize_params
    end

    # @!visibility private
    def run
      run!
    rescue Failure => exception
      raise if context.object_id != exception.context.object_id
    end

    # @!visibility private
    def run!
      self.class.steps.each { |step| step.call(self, context) }
    end

    # @!visibility private
    def fail!(message)
      step_name = caller_locations(1, 1)[0].base_label
      context["result.step.#{step_name}"].fail(error: message)
      context.fail!
    end

    private

    def initialize_params
      klass =
        Data.define(*context[:params].keys) do
          alias to_hash to_h

          delegate :slice, :merge, to: :to_h

          def method_missing(*)
            nil
          end
        end
      context[:params] = klass.new(*context[:params].values)
    end
  end
end