Backport #10540 to `jetty-10.0.x` Fixed deadlock in class initialization. (#10545)

* Fixed deadlock in class initialization. (#10540)

* Thread T1 may initialize HttpTester.Message that extends MutableHttpFields, so grabs the lock for the initialization of class MutableHttpFields.
* Thread T2 may initialize HttpFields, so grabs the lock for HttpFields and initializes field EMPTY, which calls new MutableHttpFields.
* To initialize MutableHttpFields, T1 must initialize HttpFields, but sees that its lock is taken and waits.
* To initialize HttpFields, T2 must create an instance and therefore initialize MutableHttpFields, but sees that its lock is taken and waits.
* Deadlock.

The solution is to use another class, EmptyHttpFields, to initialize HttpFields.EMPTY, so that there is no deadlock.

Signed-off-by: Joakim Erdfelt <joakim.erdfelt@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Simone Bordet <simone.bordet@gmail.com>

jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/EmptyHttpFields.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//
+// ========================================================================
+// Copyright (c) 1995 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+// ========================================================================
+//
+
+package org.eclipse.jetty.http;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+class EmptyHttpFields extends HttpFields.Immutable
+{
+    public EmptyHttpFields()
+    {
+        super(new HttpField[0]);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<HttpField> iterator()
+    {
+        return Collections.emptyIterator();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void forEach(Consumer<? super HttpField> action)
+    {
+        // no-op
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Stream<HttpField> stream()
+    {
+        return Stream.empty();
+    }
+}

jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpFields.java

@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@ import java.util.stream.Stream;
  */
 public interface HttpFields extends Iterable<HttpField>
 {
-    HttpFields EMPTY = build().asImmutable();
+    /**
+     * <p>A constant for an immutable and empty {@link HttpFields}.</p>
+     */
+    HttpFields EMPTY = new EmptyHttpFields();
 
     static Mutable build()
     {