Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/jetty-12.0.x' into jetty-12.0.x-8606-scopeListeners

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/release-template.md

@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@ This release process will produce releases:
 - [ ] Link this issue to the target [GitHub Project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects).
 - [ ] Assign this issue to a "release manager".
 - [ ] Review [draft security advisories](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/security/advisories). Ensure that issues are created and assigned to GitHub Projects to capture any advisories that will be announced.
-- [ ] Create the [GitHub Project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects) for the next releases.
-- [ ] Review dependabot status. If there has not been a recent run, run [manually](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/network/updates) and review resulting PRs for inclusion.
-- [ ] Review the issues/PRs assigned to the target [GitHub Project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects).  Any PRs that are moved to next releases should be commented on so their authors are informed.
-- [ ] Freeze the target [GitHub Project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects) by editing their names to "Jetty X.Y.Z FROZEN"
+- [ ] Update [GitHub Project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects)
+  + [ ] Create new project for the next releases (not this release).
+  + [ ] Ensure new project is public (not private)
+  + [ ] Freeze the target [GitHub Project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects) by editing their names to "Jetty X.Y.Z FROZEN"
+  + [ ] Review the issues/PRs assigned to the target [GitHub Project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects).  Any tasks that are not-yet-started are moved to next releases.
+- [ ] Review dependabot status. [Manually](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/network/updates) run dependabot if needed and review resulting PRs for inclusion.
 - [ ] Wait 24 hours from last change to the issues/PRs included in FROZEN GitHub Project(s).
 - [ ] Verify target [project(s)](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/projects) are complete.
 - [ ] Verify that branch `jetty-10.0.x` is merged to branch `jetty-11.0.x`.
@@ -35,6 +37,9 @@ This release process will produce releases:
   + [ ] Push release branches `release/<ver>` to to https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project
   + [ ] Push release tags `jetty-<ver>` to https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project
   + [ ] Edit a draft release (for each Jetty release) in GitHub (https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/releases). Content is generated with the "changelog tool".
+        Be mindful of the order you create multiple release drafts.  The first one created will be the "oldest" when published. (eg: Draft is 9, then 10, then 11)
+        The last created "draft" will show up as "latest" in the github UI.
+        If you have to reroll, you'll have to delete the drafts and recreate them (especially so if 9 w/timestamp is in the mix of releases being worked on)
 - [ ] Assign issue to "test manager", who will oversee the testing of the staged releases.
   + [ ] Test [CometD](https://github.com/cometd/cometd).
   + [ ] Test [Reactive HttpClient](https://github.com/jetty-project/jetty-reactive-httpclient).
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ This release process will produce releases:
 - [ ] Update Jetty versions on the web sites.
   + [ ] Update (or check) [Download](https://www.eclipse.org/jetty/download.php) page is updated.
   + [ ] Update (or check) documentation page(s) are updated.
-- [ ] Publish GitHub Releases.
+- [ ] Publish GitHub Releases in the order of oldest (eg: 9) to newest (eg: 11) (to ensure that "latest" in github is truly the latest)
 - [ ] Prepare release announcement for mailing lists.
 - [ ] Publish any [security advisories](https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/security/advisories).
   + [ ] Edit `VERSION.txt` to include any actual CVE number next to correspondent issue.

jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/ContinueProtocolHandler.java

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ public class ContinueProtocolHandler implements ProtocolHandler
             conversation.updateResponseListeners(null);
 
             HttpExchange exchange = conversation.getExchanges().peekLast();
+            assert exchange != null;
+
             if (response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100)
             {
                 // All good, continue.

jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/EarlyHintsProtocolHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+//
+// ========================================================================
+// Copyright (c) 1995-2022 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+// ========================================================================
+//
+
+package org.eclipse.jetty.client;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Result;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.BufferingResponseListener;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
+
+/**
+ * <p>A protocol handler that handles the 103 response code.</p>
+ */
+public class EarlyHintsProtocolHandler implements ProtocolHandler
+{
+    public static final String NAME = "early-hints";
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName()
+    {
+        return NAME;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean accept(Request request, Response response)
+    {
+        return response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Response.Listener getResponseListener()
+    {
+        return new EarlyHintsListener();
+    }
+
+    protected void onEarlyHints(Request request, HttpFields responseHeaders)
+    {
+    }
+
+    private class EarlyHintsListener extends BufferingResponseListener
+    {
+        private final ResponseNotifier notifier = new ResponseNotifier();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess(Response response)
+        {
+            Request request = response.getRequest();
+            HttpConversation conversation = ((HttpRequest)request).getConversation();
+
+            // Reset the conversation listeners, since we are going to receive another response code.
+            conversation.updateResponseListeners(null);
+
+            HttpExchange exchange = conversation.getExchanges().peekLast();
+            assert exchange != null;
+
+            HttpFields responseHeaders = HttpFields.build(response.getHeaders());
+            exchange.resetResponse();
+            onEarlyHints(request, responseHeaders);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onFailure(Response response, Throwable failure)
+        {
+            HttpConversation conversation = ((HttpRequest)response.getRequest()).getConversation();
+            // Reset the conversation listeners to allow the conversation to be completed.
+            conversation.updateResponseListeners(null);
+
+            HttpExchange exchange = conversation.getExchanges().peekLast();
+            if (exchange != null)
+            {
+                List<Response.ResponseListener> listeners = exchange.getResponseListeners();
+                HttpContentResponse contentResponse = new HttpContentResponse(response, getContent(), getMediaType(), getEncoding());
+                notifier.forwardFailureComplete(listeners, exchange.getRequest(), exchange.getRequestFailure(), contentResponse, failure);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onComplete(Result result)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/HttpClient.java

@@ -221,6 +221,8 @@ public class HttpClient extends ContainerLifeCycle
             setSocketAddressResolver(new SocketAddressResolver.Async(getExecutor(), getScheduler(), getAddressResolutionTimeout()));
 
         handlers.put(new ContinueProtocolHandler());
+        handlers.put(new ProcessingProtocolHandler());
+        handlers.put(new EarlyHintsProtocolHandler());
         handlers.put(new RedirectProtocolHandler(this));
         handlers.put(new WWWAuthenticationProtocolHandler(this));
         handlers.put(new ProxyAuthenticationProtocolHandler(this));

jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/HttpSender.java

@@ -326,6 +326,10 @@ public abstract class HttpSender
 
     public void proceed(HttpExchange exchange, Throwable failure)
     {
+        // Received a 100 Continue, although Expect header was not sent.
+        if (!contentSender.expect100)
+            return;
+
         contentSender.expect100 = false;
         if (failure == null)
             contentSender.iterate();

jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/ProcessingProtocolHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+//
+// ========================================================================
+// Copyright (c) 1995-2022 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+// ========================================================================
+//
+
+package org.eclipse.jetty.client;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Result;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.BufferingResponseListener;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
+
+/**
+ * <p>A protocol handler that handles the 102 response code.</p>
+ */
+public class ProcessingProtocolHandler implements ProtocolHandler
+{
+    public static final String NAME = "processing";
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName()
+    {
+        return NAME;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean accept(Request request, Response response)
+    {
+        return response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Response.Listener getResponseListener()
+    {
+        return new ProcessingListener();
+    }
+
+    protected void onProcessing(Request request, HttpFields responseHeaders)
+    {
+    }
+
+    private class ProcessingListener extends BufferingResponseListener
+    {
+        private final ResponseNotifier notifier = new ResponseNotifier();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess(Response response)
+        {
+            Request request = response.getRequest();
+            HttpConversation conversation = ((HttpRequest)request).getConversation();
+
+            // Reset the conversation listeners, since we are going to receive another response code.
+            conversation.updateResponseListeners(null);
+
+            HttpExchange exchange = conversation.getExchanges().peekLast();
+            assert exchange != null;
+
+            HttpFields responseHeaders = HttpFields.build(response.getHeaders());
+            exchange.resetResponse();
+            onProcessing(request, responseHeaders);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onFailure(Response response, Throwable failure)
+        {
+            HttpConversation conversation = ((HttpRequest)response.getRequest()).getConversation();
+            // Reset the conversation listeners to allow the conversation to be completed.
+            conversation.updateResponseListeners(null);
+
+            HttpExchange exchange = conversation.getExchanges().peekLast();
+            if (exchange != null)
+            {
+                List<Response.ResponseListener> listeners = exchange.getResponseListeners();
+                HttpContentResponse contentResponse = new HttpContentResponse(response, getContent(), getMediaType(), getEncoding());
+                notifier.forwardFailureComplete(listeners, exchange.getRequest(), exchange.getRequestFailure(), contentResponse, failure);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onComplete(Result result)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/util/InputStreamResponseListener.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Result;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.BufferUtil;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.IO;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.AutoLock;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(InputStreamResponseListener.class);
     private static final Chunk EOF = new Chunk(BufferUtil.EMPTY_BUFFER, Callback.NOOP);
 
-    private final Object lock = this;
+    private final AutoLock.WithCondition lock = new AutoLock.WithCondition();
     private final CountDownLatch responseLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
     private final CountDownLatch resultLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
     private final AtomicReference<InputStream> stream = new AtomicReference<>();
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
     @Override
     public void onHeaders(Response response)
     {
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock ignored = lock.lock())
         {
             this.response = response;
             responseLatch.countDown();
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
         }
 
         boolean closed;
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock.WithCondition l = lock.lock())
         {
             closed = this.closed;
             if (!closed)
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
                 if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
                     LOG.debug("Queueing content {}", content);
                 chunks.add(new Chunk(content, callback));
-                lock.notifyAll();
+                l.signalAll();
             }
         }
 
@@ -133,11 +134,11 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
     @Override
     public void onSuccess(Response response)
     {
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock.WithCondition l = lock.lock())
         {
             if (!closed)
                 chunks.add(EOF);
-            lock.notifyAll();
+            l.signalAll();
         }
 
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
@@ -148,13 +149,13 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
     public void onFailure(Response response, Throwable failure)
     {
         List<Callback> callbacks;
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock.WithCondition l = lock.lock())
         {
             if (this.failure != null)
                 return;
             this.failure = failure;
             callbacks = drain();
-            lock.notifyAll();
+            l.signalAll();
         }
 
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
     {
         Throwable failure = result.getFailure();
         List<Callback> callbacks = Collections.emptyList();
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock.WithCondition l = lock.lock())
         {
             this.result = result;
             if (result.isFailed() && this.failure == null)
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
             // Notify the response latch in case of request failures.
             responseLatch.countDown();
             resultLatch.countDown();
-            lock.notifyAll();
+            l.signalAll();
         }
 
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
         boolean expired = !responseLatch.await(timeout, unit);
         if (expired)
             throw new TimeoutException();
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock ignored = lock.lock())
         {
             // If the request failed there is no response.
             if (response == null)
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
         boolean expired = !resultLatch.await(timeout, unit);
         if (expired)
             throw new TimeoutException();
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock ignored = lock.lock())
         {
             return result;
         }
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
     private List<Callback> drain()
     {
         List<Callback> callbacks = new ArrayList<>();
-        synchronized (lock)
+        try (AutoLock ignored = lock.lock())
         {
             while (true)
             {
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
             {
                 int result;
                 Callback callback = null;
-                synchronized (lock)
+                try (AutoLock.WithCondition l = lock.lock())
                 {
                     Chunk chunk;
                     while (true)
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
                         if (closed)
                             throw new AsynchronousCloseException();
 
-                        lock.wait();
+                        l.await();
                     }
 
                     ByteBuffer buffer = chunk.buffer;
@@ -346,13 +347,13 @@ public class InputStreamResponseListener extends Listener.Adapter
         public void close() throws IOException
         {
             List<Callback> callbacks;
-            synchronized (lock)
+            try (AutoLock.WithCondition l = lock.lock())
             {
                 if (closed)
                     return;
                 closed = true;
                 callbacks = drain();
-                lock.notifyAll();
+                l.signalAll();
             }
 
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())

jetty-core/jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpTester.java

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public class HttpTester
         return new Input(data.slice())
         {
             @Override
-            public int fillBuffer() throws IOException
+            public int fillBuffer()
             {
                 _eof = true;
                 return -1;
@@ -162,10 +162,7 @@ public class HttpTester
 
     public static Request parseRequest(String request)
     {
-        Request r = new Request();
-        HttpParser parser = new HttpParser(r);
-        parser.parseNext(BufferUtil.toBuffer(request));
-        return r;
+        return parseRequest(BufferUtil.toBuffer(request));
     }
 
     public static Request parseRequest(ByteBuffer request)
@@ -176,6 +173,35 @@ public class HttpTester
         return r;
     }
 
+    public static Request parseRequest(InputStream requestStream) throws IOException
+    {
+        Request r = new Request();
+        HttpParser parser = new HttpParser(r);
+        return parseMessage(requestStream, parser) ? r : null;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean parseMessage(InputStream stream, HttpParser parser) throws IOException
+    {
+        // Read and parse a character at a time so we never can read more than we should.
+        byte[] array = new byte[1];
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(array);
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            buffer.position(1);
+            int read = stream.read(array);
+            if (read < 0)
+                parser.atEOF();
+            else
+                buffer.position(0);
+
+            if (parser.parseNext(buffer))
+                return true;
+            else if (read < 0)
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     public static Response parseResponse(String response)
     {
         Response r = new Response();
@@ -196,26 +222,7 @@ public class HttpTester
     {
         Response r = new Response();
         HttpParser parser = new HttpParser(r);
-
-        // Read and parse a character at a time so we never can read more than we should.
-        byte[] array = new byte[1];
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(array);
-        buffer.limit(1);
-
-        while (true)
-        {
-            buffer.position(1);
-            int l = responseStream.read(array);
-            if (l < 0)
-                parser.atEOF();
-            else
-                buffer.position(0);
-
-            if (parser.parseNext(buffer))
-                return r;
-            else if (l < 0)
-                return null;
-        }
+        return parseMessage(responseStream, parser) ? r : null;
     }
 
     public static Response parseResponse(Input in) throws IOException
@@ -406,12 +413,12 @@ public class HttpTester
             try
             {
                 _content.write(BufferUtil.toArray(ref));
+                return false;
             }
             catch (IOException e)
             {
                 throw new RuntimeException(e);
             }
-            return false;
         }
 
         @Override

jetty-core/jetty-http/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/MultiPartCaptureTest.java

@@ -244,9 +244,8 @@ public class MultiPartCaptureTest
             List<MultiPart.Part> charSetParts = allParts.get("_charset_");
             if (charSetParts != null)
             {
-                Promise.Completable<String> promise = new Promise.Completable<>();
-                Content.Source.asString(charSetParts.get(0).getContent(), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII, promise);
-                defaultCharset = promise.get();
+                defaultCharset = Promise.Completable.<String>with(p -> Content.Source.asString(charSetParts.get(0).getContent(), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII, p))
+                    .get();
             }
 
             for (NameValue expected : partContainsContents)

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/client/HTTP2Client.java

@@ -383,9 +383,7 @@ public class HTTP2Client extends ContainerLifeCycle
 
     public CompletableFuture<Session> connect(SslContextFactory sslContextFactory, SocketAddress address, Session.Listener listener)
     {
-        Promise.Completable<Session> result = new Promise.Completable<>();
-        connect(sslContextFactory, address, listener, result);
-        return result;
+        return Promise.Completable.with(p -> connect(sslContextFactory, address, listener, p));
     }
 
     public void connect(SslContextFactory sslContextFactory, SocketAddress address, Session.Listener listener, Promise<Session> promise)

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/api/Session.java

@@ -60,9 +60,7 @@ public interface Session
      */
     public default CompletableFuture<Stream> newStream(HeadersFrame frame, Stream.Listener listener)
     {
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> result = new Promise.Completable<>();
-        newStream(frame, result, listener);
-        return result;
+        return Promise.Completable.with(p -> newStream(frame, p, listener));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -87,6 +85,17 @@ public interface Session
      */
     public int priority(PriorityFrame frame, Callback callback);
 
+    /**
+     * <p>Sends the given SETTINGS {@code frame} to configure the session.</p>
+     *
+     * @param frame the SETTINGS frame to send
+     * @return a CompletableFuture that is notified when the frame has been sent
+     */
+    public default CompletableFuture<Void> settings(SettingsFrame frame)
+    {
+        return Callback.Completable.with(c -> settings(frame, c));
+    }
+
     /**
      * <p>Sends the given SETTINGS {@code frame} to configure the session.</p>
      *

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/api/Stream.java

@@ -62,9 +62,7 @@ public interface Stream
      */
     public default CompletableFuture<Stream> headers(HeadersFrame frame)
     {
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> result = new Promise.Completable<>();
-        headers(frame, Callback.from(() -> result.succeeded(this), result::failed));
-        return result;
+        return Promise.Completable.with(p -> headers(frame, Callback.from(() -> p.succeeded(this), p::failed)));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -85,9 +83,7 @@ public interface Stream
      */
     public default CompletableFuture<Stream> push(PushPromiseFrame frame, Listener listener)
     {
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> result = new Promise.Completable<>();
-        push(frame, result, listener);
-        return result;
+        return Promise.Completable.with(p -> push(frame, p, listener));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -139,9 +135,7 @@ public interface Stream
      */
     public default CompletableFuture<Stream> data(DataFrame frame)
     {
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> result = new Promise.Completable<>();
-        data(frame, Callback.from(() -> result.succeeded(this), result::failed));
-        return result;
+        return Promise.Completable.with(p -> data(frame, Callback.from(() -> p.succeeded(this), p::failed)));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -155,7 +149,18 @@ public interface Stream
     /**
      * <p>Sends the given RST_STREAM {@code frame}.</p>
      *
-     * @param frame the RST_FRAME to send
+     * @param frame the RST_STREAM frame to send
+     * @return the CompletableFuture that gets notified when the frame has been sent
+     */
+    public default CompletableFuture<Void> reset(ResetFrame frame)
+    {
+        return Callback.Completable.with(c -> reset(frame, c));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Sends the given RST_STREAM {@code frame}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param frame the RST_STREAM frame to send
      * @param callback the callback that gets notified when the frame has been sent
      */
     public void reset(ResetFrame frame, Callback callback);
@@ -348,7 +353,7 @@ public interface Stream
          * <p>Callback method invoked when a RST_STREAM frame has been received for this stream.</p>
          *
          * @param stream the stream
-         * @param frame the RST_FRAME received
+         * @param frame the RST_STREAM frame received
          * @param callback the callback to complete when the reset has been handled
          */
         public default void onReset(Stream stream, ResetFrame frame, Callback callback)
@@ -415,18 +420,6 @@ public interface Stream
             return frame;
         }
 
-        @Override
-        public void retain()
-        {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean release()
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
         @Override
         public String toString()
         {
@@ -439,6 +432,18 @@ public interface Stream
             {
                 super(new DataFrame(streamId, BufferUtil.EMPTY_BUFFER, true));
             }
+
+            @Override
+            public void retain()
+            {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean release()
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/server/internal/HttpStreamOverHTTP2.java

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.BadMessageException;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpGenerator;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpMethod;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpVersion;
@@ -53,10 +56,12 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
     private final HttpChannel _httpChannel;
     private final HTTP2Stream _stream;
     private final long _nanoTime;
+    private MetaData.Request _requestMetaData;
+    private MetaData.Response _responseMetaData;
     private Content.Chunk _chunk;
-    private MetaData.Response _metaData;
     private boolean committed;
     private boolean _demand;
+    private boolean _expects100Continue;
 
     public HttpStreamOverHTTP2(HTTP2ServerConnection connection, HttpChannel httpChannel, HTTP2Stream stream)
     {
@@ -82,9 +87,9 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
     {
         try
         {
-            MetaData.Request request = (MetaData.Request)frame.getMetaData();
+            _requestMetaData = (MetaData.Request)frame.getMetaData();
 
-            Runnable handler = _httpChannel.onRequest(request);
+            Runnable handler = _httpChannel.onRequest(_requestMetaData);
 
             if (frame.isEndStream())
             {
@@ -94,16 +99,15 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
                 }
             }
 
-            HttpFields fields = request.getFields();
+            HttpFields fields = _requestMetaData.getFields();
 
-            // TODO: handle 100 continue.
-//            _expect100Continue = fields.contains(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE.asString());
+            _expects100Continue = fields.contains(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE.asString());
 
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
             {
                 LOG.debug("HTTP2 request #{}/{}, {} {} {}{}{}",
                     _stream.getId(), Integer.toHexString(_stream.getSession().hashCode()),
-                    request.getMethod(), request.getURI(), request.getHttpVersion(),
+                    _requestMetaData.getMethod(), _requestMetaData.getURI(), _requestMetaData.getHttpVersion(),
                     System.lineSeparator(), fields);
             }
 
@@ -147,6 +151,12 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
             chunk = createChunk(data);
             data.release();
 
+            // Some content is read, but the 100 Continue interim
+            // response has not been sent yet, then don't bother
+            // sending it later, as the client already sent the content.
+            if (_expects100Continue && chunk.hasRemaining())
+                _expects100Continue = false;
+
             try (AutoLock ignored = lock.lock())
             {
                 _chunk = chunk;
@@ -164,7 +174,6 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
             // We may have a non-demanded chunk in case of trailers.
             if (_chunk != null)
                 notify = true;
-            // Make sure we only demand(1) to make this method is idempotent.
             else if (!_demand)
                 demand = _demand = true;
         }
@@ -176,6 +185,11 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
         }
         else if (demand)
         {
+            if (_expects100Continue)
+            {
+                _expects100Continue = false;
+                send(_requestMetaData, HttpGenerator.CONTINUE_100_INFO, false, null, Callback.NOOP);
+            }
             _stream.demand();
         }
     }
@@ -220,9 +234,12 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
 
     private Content.Chunk createChunk(Stream.Data data)
     {
-        // As we are passing the ByteBuffer to the Chunk we need to retain.
-        data.retain();
         DataFrame frame = data.frame();
+        if (frame.isEndStream() && frame.remaining() == 0)
+            return Content.Chunk.EOF;
+
+        // We need to retain because we are passing the ByteBuffer to the Chunk.
+        data.retain();
         return Content.Chunk.from(frame.getData(), frame.isEndStream(), data);
     }
 
@@ -244,7 +261,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
 
     private void sendHeaders(MetaData.Request request, MetaData.Response response, ByteBuffer content, boolean last, Callback callback)
     {
-        _metaData = response;
+        _responseMetaData = response;
 
         HeadersFrame headersFrame;
         DataFrame dataFrame = null;
@@ -256,12 +273,17 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
         if (HttpStatus.isInterim(response.getStatus()))
         {
             // Must not commit interim responses.
+
             if (hasContent)
             {
                 callback.failed(new IllegalStateException("Interim response cannot have content"));
                 return;
             }
-            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, _metaData, null, false);
+
+            if (_expects100Continue && response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100)
+                _expects100Continue = false;
+
+            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -272,7 +294,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
                 long contentLength = response.getContentLength();
                 if (contentLength < 0)
                 {
-                    _metaData = new MetaData.Response(
+                    _responseMetaData = new MetaData.Response(
                         response.getHttpVersion(),
                         response.getStatus(),
                         response.getReason(),
@@ -290,7 +312,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
 
             if (hasContent)
             {
-                headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, _metaData, null, false);
+                headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
                 if (last)
                 {
                     HttpFields trailers = retrieveTrailers();
@@ -313,27 +335,27 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
             {
                 if (last)
                 {
-                    if (isTunnel(request, _metaData))
+                    if (isTunnel(request, response))
                     {
-                        headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, _metaData, null, false);
+                        headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         HttpFields trailers = retrieveTrailers();
                         if (trailers == null)
                         {
-                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, _metaData, null, true);
+                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, true);
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, _metaData, null, false);
+                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
                             trailersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, trailers), null, true);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, _metaData, null, false);
+                    headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -342,9 +364,10 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
         {
             LOG.debug("HTTP2 Response #{}/{}:{}{} {}{}{}",
                 _stream.getId(), Integer.toHexString(_stream.getSession().hashCode()),
-                System.lineSeparator(), HttpVersion.HTTP_2, _metaData.getStatus(),
-                System.lineSeparator(), _metaData.getFields());
+                System.lineSeparator(), HttpVersion.HTTP_2, response.getStatus(),
+                System.lineSeparator(), response.getFields());
         }
+
         _stream.send(new HTTP2Stream.FrameList(headersFrame, dataFrame, trailersFrame), callback);
     }
 
@@ -352,7 +375,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
     {
         boolean isHeadRequest = HttpMethod.HEAD.is(request.getMethod());
         boolean hasContent = BufferUtil.hasContent(content) && !isHeadRequest;
-        if (hasContent || (last && !isTunnel(request, _metaData)))
+        if (hasContent || (last && !isTunnel(request, _responseMetaData)))
         {
             if (last)
             {
@@ -387,7 +410,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP2 implements HttpStream, HTTP2Channel.Server
 
     private HttpFields retrieveTrailers()
     {
-        Supplier<HttpFields> supplier = _metaData.getTrailersSupplier();
+        Supplier<HttpFields> supplier = _responseMetaData.getTrailersSupplier();
         if (supplier == null)
             return null;
         HttpFields trailers = supplier.get();

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/FlowControlStrategyTest.java

@@ -289,14 +289,13 @@ public abstract class FlowControlStrategyTest
         Stream stream = promise.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
         // Send first chunk that exceeds the window.
-        Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(size * 2), false), completable);
+        CompletableFuture<Stream> completable = stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(size * 2), false));
         settingsLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
-        completable.thenRun(() ->
+        completable.thenAccept(s ->
         {
             // Send the second chunk of data, must not arrive since we're flow control stalled on the client.
-            stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(size * 2), true), Callback.NOOP);
+            s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(size * 2), true));
         });
 
         assertFalse(dataLatch.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
@@ -341,9 +340,8 @@ public abstract class FlowControlStrategyTest
 
         Map<Integer, Integer> settings = new HashMap<>();
         settings.put(SettingsFrame.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE, windowSize);
-        Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-        session.settings(new SettingsFrame(settings, false), completable);
-        completable.thenRun(settingsLatch::countDown);
+        session.settings(new SettingsFrame(settings, false))
+            .thenRun(settingsLatch::countDown);
 
         assertTrue(settingsLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
@@ -641,13 +639,8 @@ public abstract class FlowControlStrategyTest
             {
                 MetaData.Response metaData = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, 200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
                 HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), metaData, null, false);
-                Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                stream.headers(responseFrame, completable);
-                completable.thenRun(() ->
-                {
-                    DataFrame dataFrame = new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.wrap(data), true);
-                    stream.data(dataFrame, Callback.NOOP);
-                });
+                stream.headers(responseFrame)
+                    .thenAccept(s -> s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.wrap(data), true)));
                 return null;
             }
         });
@@ -691,8 +684,7 @@ public abstract class FlowControlStrategyTest
             {
                 MetaData metaData = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, 200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
                 HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), metaData, null, false);
-                Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                stream.headers(responseFrame, completable);
+                CompletableFuture<Stream> completable = stream.headers(responseFrame);
                 stream.demand();
                 return new Stream.Listener()
                 {
@@ -700,12 +692,13 @@ public abstract class FlowControlStrategyTest
                     public void onDataAvailable(Stream stream)
                     {
                         Stream.Data data = stream.readData();
-                        completable.thenRun(() -> stream.data(data.frame(), Callback.from(() ->
-                        {
-                            data.release();
-                            if (!data.frame().isEndStream())
-                                stream.demand();
-                        })));
+                        completable.thenAccept(s -> s.data(data.frame())
+                            .whenComplete((r, x) ->
+                            {
+                                data.release();
+                                if (!data.frame().isEndStream())
+                                    stream.demand();
+                            }));
                     }
                 };
             }
@@ -730,9 +723,8 @@ public abstract class FlowControlStrategyTest
         ByteBuffer responseContent = ByteBuffer.wrap(responseData);
         MetaData.Request metaData = newRequest("GET", HttpFields.EMPTY);
         HeadersFrame requestFrame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, null, false);
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> completable = new Promise.Completable<>();
         CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        session.newStream(requestFrame, completable, new Stream.Listener()
+        session.newStream(requestFrame, new Stream.Listener()
         {
             @Override
             public void onDataAvailable(Stream stream)
@@ -745,12 +737,11 @@ public abstract class FlowControlStrategyTest
                 else
                     stream.demand();
             }
-        });
-        completable.thenAccept(stream ->
+        })
+        .thenAccept(s ->
         {
             ByteBuffer requestContent = ByteBuffer.wrap(requestData);
-            DataFrame dataFrame = new DataFrame(stream.getId(), requestContent, true);
-            stream.data(dataFrame, Callback.NOOP);
+            s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), requestContent, true));
         });
 
         assertTrue(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/HTTP2Test.java

@@ -222,8 +222,7 @@ public class HTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
         CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         MetaData.Request metaData = newRequest("POST", HttpFields.EMPTY);
         HeadersFrame frame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, null, false);
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> streamCompletable = new Promise.Completable<>();
-        session.newStream(frame, streamCompletable, new Stream.Listener()
+        session.newStream(frame, new Stream.Listener()
         {
             @Override
             public void onDataAvailable(Stream stream)
@@ -235,18 +234,9 @@ public class HTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
                 else
                     stream.demand();
             }
-        });
-        streamCompletable.thenCompose(stream ->
-        {
-            DataFrame dataFrame = new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(512), false);
-            Callback.Completable dataCompletable = new Callback.Completable();
-            stream.data(dataFrame, dataCompletable);
-            return dataCompletable.thenApply(y -> stream);
-        }).thenAccept(stream ->
-        {
-            DataFrame dataFrame = new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1024), true);
-            stream.data(dataFrame, Callback.NOOP);
-        });
+        })
+        .thenCompose(s -> s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(512), false)))
+        .thenAccept(s -> s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1024), true)));
 
         assertTrue(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
     }
@@ -546,9 +536,8 @@ public class HTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
             @Override
             public Stream.Listener onNewStream(Stream stream, HeadersFrame frame)
             {
-                Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
                 MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpStatus.OK_200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
-                stream.headers(new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, false), completable);
+                CompletableFuture<Stream> completable = stream.headers(new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, false));
                 stream.demand();
                 return new Stream.Listener()
                 {
@@ -559,11 +548,8 @@ public class HTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
                         data.release();
                         if (data.frame().isEndStream())
                         {
-                            completable.thenRun(() ->
-                            {
-                                DataFrame endFrame = new DataFrame(stream.getId(), BufferUtil.EMPTY_BUFFER, true);
-                                stream.data(endFrame, Callback.NOOP);
-                            });
+                            completable.thenAccept(s ->
+                                s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), BufferUtil.EMPTY_BUFFER, true)));
                         }
                         else
                         {
@@ -578,9 +564,8 @@ public class HTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
 
         MetaData.Request metaData = newRequest("GET", HttpFields.EMPTY);
         HeadersFrame frame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, null, false);
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> completable = new Promise.Completable<>();
         CountDownLatch completeLatch = new CountDownLatch(2);
-        session.newStream(frame, completable, new Stream.Listener()
+        Stream stream = session.newStream(frame, new Stream.Listener()
         {
             @Override
             public void onDataAvailable(Stream stream)
@@ -592,8 +577,7 @@ public class HTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
                 else
                     stream.demand();
             }
-        });
-        Stream stream = completable.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        }).get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
         long sleep = 1000;
         DataFrame data1 = new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1024), false)

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/HttpClientTransportOverHTTP2Test.java

@@ -222,15 +222,14 @@ public class HttpClientTransportOverHTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
             @Override
             public void process(Request request, org.eclipse.jetty.server.Response response, Callback callback)
             {
-                Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                response.write(false, ByteBuffer.allocate(1), completable);
-                completable.whenComplete((r, x) ->
-                {
-                    if (x != null)
-                        callback.failed(x);
-                    else
-                        response.write(true, ByteBuffer.allocate(2), callback);
-                });
+                Callback.Completable.with(c -> response.write(false, ByteBuffer.allocate(1), c))
+                    .whenComplete((r, x) ->
+                    {
+                        if (x != null)
+                            callback.failed(x);
+                        else
+                            response.write(true, ByteBuffer.allocate(2), callback);
+                    });
             }
         });
 
@@ -638,12 +637,10 @@ public class HttpClientTransportOverHTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
             @Override
             public Stream.Listener onNewStream(Stream stream, HeadersFrame frame)
             {
-                int streamId = stream.getId();
                 MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT_204, HttpFields.EMPTY);
-                HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
-                Callback.Completable callback = new Callback.Completable();
-                stream.headers(responseFrame, callback);
-                callback.thenRun(() -> stream.data(new DataFrame(streamId, ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), true), Callback.NOOP));
+                HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, false);
+                stream.headers(responseFrame)
+                    .thenAccept(s -> s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), true)));
                 return null;
             }
         });
@@ -671,12 +668,10 @@ public class HttpClientTransportOverHTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
                 HttpFields fields = HttpFields.build()
                     .put(":method", "get");
                 MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpStatus.OK_200, fields, 0);
-                int streamId = stream.getId();
-                HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
-                Callback.Completable callback = new Callback.Completable();
-                stream.headers(responseFrame, callback);
+                HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, false);
                 byte[] bytes = "hello".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
-                callback.thenRun(() -> stream.data(new DataFrame(streamId, ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), true), Callback.NOOP));
+                stream.headers(responseFrame)
+                    .thenAccept(s -> s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), true)));
                 return null;
             }
         });
@@ -705,9 +700,8 @@ public class HttpClientTransportOverHTTP2Test extends AbstractTest
                 int streamId = stream.getId();
                 MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpStatus.OK_200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
                 HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(streamId, response, null, false);
-                Callback.Completable callback = new Callback.Completable();
-                stream.headers(responseFrame, callback);
-                callback.thenRun(() -> stream.data(new DataFrame(streamId, ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[bytes]), true), Callback.NOOP));
+                stream.headers(responseFrame)
+                    .thenAccept(s -> s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[bytes]), true)));
                 return null;
             }
         });

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/IdleTimeoutTest.java

@@ -559,20 +559,17 @@ public class IdleTimeoutTest extends AbstractTest
         session.newStream(requestFrame, promise, null);
         Stream stream = promise.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
-        Callback.Completable completable1 = new Callback.Completable();
         sleep(idleTimeout / 2);
-        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1), false), completable1);
-        completable1.thenCompose(nil ->
-        {
-            Callback.Completable completable2 = new Callback.Completable();
-            sleep(idleTimeout / 2);
-            stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1), false), completable2);
-            return completable2;
-        }).thenRun(() ->
-        {
-            sleep(idleTimeout / 2);
-            stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1), true), Callback.NOOP);
-        });
+        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1), false))
+            .thenCompose(s ->
+            {
+                sleep(idleTimeout / 2);
+                return s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1), false));
+            }).thenAccept(s ->
+            {
+                sleep(idleTimeout / 2);
+                s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(1), true));
+            });
 
         assertFalse(resetLatch.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
     }

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/MaxPushedStreamsTest.java

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.internal.ErrorCode;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.internal.HTTP2Session;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.BufferUtil;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.FuturePromise;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Promise;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
@@ -74,12 +73,7 @@ public class MaxPushedStreamsTest extends AbstractTest
                 // Push maxPushed resources...
                 IntStream.range(0, maxPushed)
                     .mapToObj(i -> new PushPromiseFrame(stream.getId(), 0, newRequest("GET", "/push_" + i, HttpFields.EMPTY)))
-                    .map(pushFrame ->
-                    {
-                        Promise.Completable<Stream> promise = new Promise.Completable<>();
-                        stream.push(pushFrame, promise, null);
-                        return promise;
-                    })
+                    .map(pushFrame -> stream.push(pushFrame, null))
                     // ... wait for the pushed streams...
                     .reduce(result, (cfList, cfStream) -> cfList.thenCombine(cfStream, add),
                         (cfList1, cfList2) -> cfList1.thenCombine(cfList2, addAll))
@@ -87,8 +81,7 @@ public class MaxPushedStreamsTest extends AbstractTest
                     .thenApply(streams ->
                     {
                         PushPromiseFrame extraPushFrame = new PushPromiseFrame(stream.getId(), 0, newRequest("GET", "/push_extra", HttpFields.EMPTY));
-                        FuturePromise<Stream> extraPromise = new FuturePromise<>();
-                        stream.push(extraPushFrame, extraPromise, new Stream.Listener()
+                        stream.push(extraPushFrame, new Stream.Listener()
                         {
                             @Override
                             public void onReset(Stream stream, ResetFrame frame, Callback callback)
@@ -104,13 +97,13 @@ public class MaxPushedStreamsTest extends AbstractTest
                     .thenAccept(streams -> streams.forEach(pushedStream ->
                     {
                         DataFrame data = new DataFrame(pushedStream.getId(), BufferUtil.EMPTY_BUFFER, true);
-                        pushedStream.data(data, Callback.NOOP);
+                        pushedStream.data(data);
                     }))
                     // ... then send the response.
                     .thenRun(() ->
                     {
                         MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpStatus.OK_200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
-                        stream.headers(new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, true), Callback.NOOP);
+                        stream.headers(new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, true));
                     });
                 return null;
             }

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/PrefaceTest.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
@@ -356,9 +357,8 @@ public class PrefaceTest extends AbstractTest
             http2Client.start();
 
             CountDownLatch failureLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-            Promise.Completable<Session> promise = new Promise.Completable<>();
             InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", server.getLocalPort());
-            http2Client.connect(address, new Session.Listener()
+            CompletableFuture<Session> promise = http2Client.connect(address, new Session.Listener()
             {
                 @Override
                 public void onFailure(Session session, Throwable failure, Callback callback)
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ public class PrefaceTest extends AbstractTest
                     failureLatch.countDown();
                     callback.succeeded();
                 }
-            }, promise);
+            });
 
             try (Socket socket = server.accept())
             {

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/RawHTTP2ProxyTest.java

@@ -167,27 +167,24 @@ public class RawHTTP2ProxyTest
                             LOGGER.debug("SERVER2 received {}", data);
                         data.release();
                         MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpStatus.OK_200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
-                        Callback.Completable completable1 = new Callback.Completable();
                         HeadersFrame reply = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, false);
                         if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled())
                             LOGGER.debug("SERVER2 sending {}", reply);
-                        stream.headers(reply, completable1);
-                        completable1.thenCompose(ignored ->
-                        {
-                            Callback.Completable completable2 = new Callback.Completable();
-                            DataFrame dataFrame = new DataFrame(stream.getId(), buffer1.slice(), false);
-                            if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled())
-                                LOGGER.debug("SERVER2 sending {}", dataFrame);
-                            stream.data(dataFrame, completable2);
-                            return completable2;
-                        }).thenRun(() ->
-                        {
-                            MetaData trailer = new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpFields.EMPTY);
-                            HeadersFrame end = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), trailer, null, true);
-                            if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled())
-                                LOGGER.debug("SERVER2 sending {}", end);
-                            stream.headers(end, Callback.NOOP);
-                        });
+                        stream.headers(reply)
+                            .thenCompose(s ->
+                            {
+                                DataFrame dataFrame = new DataFrame(s.getId(), buffer1.slice(), false);
+                                if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled())
+                                    LOGGER.debug("SERVER2 sending {}", dataFrame);
+                                return s.data(dataFrame);
+                            }).thenAccept(s ->
+                            {
+                                MetaData trailer = new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, HttpFields.EMPTY);
+                                HeadersFrame end = new HeadersFrame(s.getId(), trailer, null, true);
+                                if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled())
+                                    LOGGER.debug("SERVER2 sending {}", end);
+                                s.headers(end);
+                            });
                     }
                 };
             }

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/StreamResetTest.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -168,8 +169,7 @@ public class StreamResetTest extends AbstractTest
             {
                 MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, 200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
                 HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, false);
-                Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                stream.headers(responseFrame, completable);
+                CompletableFuture<Stream> completable = stream.headers(responseFrame);
                 stream.demand();
                 return new Stream.Listener()
                 {
@@ -178,15 +178,8 @@ public class StreamResetTest extends AbstractTest
                     {
                         Stream.Data data = stream.readData();
                         data.release();
-                        completable.thenRun(() ->
-                            stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(16), true), new Callback()
-                            {
-                                @Override
-                                public void succeeded()
-                                {
-                                    serverDataLatch.countDown();
-                                }
-                            }));
+                        completable.thenCompose(s -> s.data(new DataFrame(s.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(16), true)))
+                            .thenRun(serverDataLatch::countDown);
                     }
 
                     @Override
@@ -329,9 +322,8 @@ public class StreamResetTest extends AbstractTest
                 try
                 {
                     commitLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-                    Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                    stream.reset(new ResetFrame(stream.getId(), ErrorCode.CANCEL_STREAM_ERROR.code), completable);
-                    completable.thenRun(resetLatch::countDown);
+                    stream.reset(new ResetFrame(stream.getId(), ErrorCode.CANCEL_STREAM_ERROR.code))
+                        .thenRun(resetLatch::countDown);
                 }
                 catch (InterruptedException x)
                 {
@@ -416,9 +408,8 @@ public class StreamResetTest extends AbstractTest
                 try
                 {
                     commitLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-                    Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                    stream.reset(new ResetFrame(stream.getId(), ErrorCode.CANCEL_STREAM_ERROR.code), completable);
-                    completable.thenRun(resetLatch::countDown);
+                    stream.reset(new ResetFrame(stream.getId(), ErrorCode.CANCEL_STREAM_ERROR.code))
+                        .thenRun(resetLatch::countDown);
                 }
                 catch (InterruptedException x)
                 {
@@ -1053,8 +1044,7 @@ public class StreamResetTest extends AbstractTest
             {
                 MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, 200, HttpFields.EMPTY);
                 HeadersFrame responseFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), response, null, false);
-                Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                stream.headers(responseFrame, completable);
+                stream.headers(responseFrame, Callback.NOOP);
                 return null;
             }
         }, http2Factory);

jetty-core/jetty-http2/jetty-http2-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/tests/TrailersTest.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
@@ -174,19 +175,18 @@ public class TrailersTest extends AbstractTest
         Stream stream = streamPromise.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
         // Send some data.
-        Callback.Completable callback = new Callback.Completable();
-        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(16), false), callback);
+        CompletableFuture<Stream> completable = stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), ByteBuffer.allocate(16), false));
 
-        assertTrue(trailerLatch.await(555, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        assertTrue(trailerLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
         // Send the trailers.
-        callback.thenRun(() ->
+        completable.thenRun(() ->
         {
             HttpFields.Mutable trailerFields = HttpFields.build();
             trailerFields.put("X-Trailer", "true");
             MetaData trailers = new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, trailerFields);
             HeadersFrame trailerFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), trailers, null, true);
-            stream.headers(trailerFrame, Callback.NOOP);
+            stream.headers(trailerFrame);
         });
 
         assertTrue(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
@@ -331,18 +331,21 @@ public class TrailersTest extends AbstractTest
         session.newStream(requestFrame, promise, null);
         Stream stream = promise.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         ByteBuffer data = ByteBuffer.wrap(StringUtil.getUtf8Bytes("hello"));
-        Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), data, false), completable);
         CountDownLatch failureLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        completable.thenRun(() ->
-        {
-            // Invalid trailer: cannot contain pseudo headers.
-            HttpFields.Mutable trailerFields = HttpFields.build();
-            trailerFields.put(HttpHeader.C_METHOD, "GET");
-            MetaData trailer = new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, trailerFields);
-            HeadersFrame trailerFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), trailer, null, true);
-            stream.headers(trailerFrame, Callback.from(Callback.NOOP::succeeded, x -> failureLatch.countDown()));
-        });
+        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), data, false))
+            .thenAccept(s ->
+            {
+                // Invalid trailer: cannot contain pseudo headers.
+                HttpFields.Mutable trailerFields = HttpFields.build();
+                trailerFields.put(HttpHeader.C_METHOD, "GET");
+                MetaData trailer = new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, trailerFields);
+                s.headers(new HeadersFrame(s.getId(), trailer, null, true))
+                    .exceptionally(x ->
+                    {
+                        failureLatch.countDown();
+                        return s;
+                    });
+            });
         assertTrue(failureLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
     }
 
@@ -383,19 +386,17 @@ public class TrailersTest extends AbstractTest
         });
         Stream stream = promise.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         ByteBuffer data = ByteBuffer.wrap(StringUtil.getUtf8Bytes("hello"));
-        Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), data, false), completable);
-        completable.thenRun(() ->
-        {
-            // Disable checks for invalid headers.
-            ((HTTP2Session)session).getGenerator().setValidateHpackEncoding(false);
-            // Invalid trailer: cannot contain pseudo headers.
-            HttpFields.Mutable trailerFields = HttpFields.build();
-            trailerFields.put(HttpHeader.C_METHOD, "GET");
-            MetaData trailer = new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, trailerFields);
-            HeadersFrame trailerFrame = new HeadersFrame(stream.getId(), trailer, null, true);
-            stream.headers(trailerFrame, Callback.NOOP);
-        });
+        stream.data(new DataFrame(stream.getId(), data, false))
+            .thenAccept(s ->
+            {
+                // Disable checks for invalid headers.
+                ((HTTP2Session)session).getGenerator().setValidateHpackEncoding(false);
+                // Invalid trailer: cannot contain pseudo headers.
+                HttpFields.Mutable trailerFields = HttpFields.build();
+                trailerFields.put(HttpHeader.C_METHOD, "GET");
+                MetaData trailer = new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_2, trailerFields);
+                s.headers(new HeadersFrame(s.getId(), trailer, null, true));
+            });
 
         assertTrue(serverLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         assertTrue(clientLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));

jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http3/client/internal/HTTP3StreamClient.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.QuicStreamEndPoint;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-public class HTTP3StreamClient extends HTTP3Stream implements  Stream.Client
+public class HTTP3StreamClient extends HTTP3Stream implements Stream.Client
 {
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTP3StreamClient.class);
 
@@ -50,13 +50,14 @@ public class HTTP3StreamClient extends HTTP3Stream implements  Stream.Client
     public void onResponse(HeadersFrame frame)
     {
         MetaData.Response response = (MetaData.Response)frame.getMetaData();
-        boolean valid;
-        if (response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100)
-            valid = validateAndUpdate(EnumSet.of(FrameState.INITIAL), FrameState.INFORMATIONAL);
-        else if (response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103)
-            valid = validateAndUpdate(EnumSet.of(FrameState.INITIAL, FrameState.HEADER, FrameState.INFORMATIONAL), FrameState.INFORMATIONAL);
-        else
-            valid = validateAndUpdate(EnumSet.of(FrameState.INITIAL, FrameState.INFORMATIONAL), FrameState.HEADER);
+        int status = response.getStatus();
+        boolean valid = switch (status)
+        {
+            case HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100 -> validateAndUpdate(EnumSet.of(FrameState.INITIAL), FrameState.INFORMATIONAL);
+            case HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102,
+                HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103 -> validateAndUpdate(EnumSet.of(FrameState.INITIAL, FrameState.INFORMATIONAL), FrameState.INFORMATIONAL);
+            default -> validateAndUpdate(EnumSet.of(FrameState.INITIAL, FrameState.INFORMATIONAL), FrameState.HEADER);
+        };
         if (valid)
         {
             onHeaders(frame);

jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http3/internal/HTTP3Stream.java

@@ -394,9 +394,8 @@ public abstract class HTTP3Stream implements Stream, CyclicTimeouts.Expirable, A
     public Promise.Completable<Stream> writeFrame(Frame frame)
     {
         notIdle();
-        Promise.Completable<Stream> completable = new Promise.Completable<>();
-        session.writeMessageFrame(endPoint.getStreamId(), frame, Callback.from(Invocable.InvocationType.NON_BLOCKING, () -> completable.succeeded(this), completable::failed));
-        return completable;
+        return Promise.Completable.with(p ->
+            session.writeMessageFrame(endPoint.getStreamId(), frame, Callback.from(Invocable.InvocationType.NON_BLOCKING, () -> p.succeeded(this), p::failed)));
     }
 
     public boolean isClosed()
@@ -463,9 +462,42 @@ public abstract class HTTP3Stream implements Stream, CyclicTimeouts.Expirable, A
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * <p>Defines the state of the stream for received frames,</p>
+     * <p>allowing to verify that a frame sequence is valid for
+     * the HTTP protocol.</p>
+     * <p>For example, for a stream in the {@link #INITIAL} state,
+     * receiving a {@link DataFrame} would move the stream to the
+     * {@link #DATA} state which would be invalid, since for the
+     * HTTP protocol a {@link HeadersFrame} is expected before
+     * any {@link DataFrame}.</p>
+     */
     protected enum FrameState
     {
-        INITIAL, INFORMATIONAL, HEADER, DATA, TRAILER, FAILED
+        /**
+         * The initial state of the stream, before it receives any frame.
+         */
+        INITIAL,
+        /**
+         * The stream has received an HTTP informational response.
+         */
+        INFORMATIONAL,
+        /**
+         * The stream has received an HTTP final response.
+         */
+        HEADER,
+        /**
+         * The stream has received HTTP content.
+         */
+        DATA,
+        /**
+         * The stream has received an HTTP trailer.
+         */
+        TRAILER,
+        /**
+         * The stream has encountered a failure.
+         */
+        FAILED
     }
 
     private enum CloseState

jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http3/server/internal/HttpStreamOverHTTP3.java

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.BadMessageException;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpGenerator;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpMethod;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpVersion;
@@ -50,9 +53,11 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
     private final ServerHTTP3StreamConnection connection;
     private final HttpChannel httpChannel;
     private final HTTP3StreamServer stream;
+    private MetaData.Request requestMetaData;
+    private MetaData.Response responseMetaData;
     private Content.Chunk chunk;
-    private MetaData.Response metaData;
     private boolean committed;
+    private boolean expects100Continue;
 
     public HttpStreamOverHTTP3(ServerHTTP3StreamConnection connection, HttpChannel httpChannel, HTTP3StreamServer stream)
     {
@@ -77,9 +82,9 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
     {
         try
         {
-            MetaData.Request request = (MetaData.Request)frame.getMetaData();
+            requestMetaData = (MetaData.Request)frame.getMetaData();
 
-            Runnable handler = httpChannel.onRequest(request);
+            Runnable handler = httpChannel.onRequest(requestMetaData);
 
             if (frame.isLast())
             {
@@ -89,12 +94,11 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
                 }
             }
 
-            HttpFields fields = request.getFields();
+            HttpFields fields = requestMetaData.getFields();
 
-            // TODO: handle 100 continue.
-//            expect100Continue = fields.contains(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE.asString());
+            expects100Continue = fields.contains(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE.asString());
 
-            boolean connect = request instanceof MetaData.ConnectRequest;
+            boolean connect = requestMetaData instanceof MetaData.ConnectRequest;
 
             if (!connect)
                 connection.setApplicationMode(true);
@@ -103,7 +107,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
             {
                 LOG.debug("HTTP3 request #{}/{}, {} {} {}{}{}",
                     stream.getId(), Integer.toHexString(stream.getSession().hashCode()),
-                    request.getMethod(), request.getURI(), request.getHttpVersion(),
+                    requestMetaData.getMethod(), requestMetaData.getURI(), requestMetaData.getHttpVersion(),
                     System.lineSeparator(), fields);
             }
 
@@ -147,6 +151,12 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
             chunk = createChunk(data);
             data.release();
 
+            // Some content is read, but the 100 Continue interim
+            // response has not been sent yet, then don't bother
+            // sending it later, as the client already sent the content.
+            if (expects100Continue && chunk.hasRemaining())
+                expects100Continue = false;
+
             try (AutoLock ignored = lock.lock())
             {
                 this.chunk = chunk;
@@ -171,6 +181,11 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
         }
         else
         {
+            if (expects100Continue)
+            {
+                expects100Continue = false;
+                send(requestMetaData, HttpGenerator.CONTINUE_100_INFO, false, null, Callback.NOOP);
+            }
             stream.demand();
         }
     }
@@ -245,7 +260,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
 
     private void sendHeaders(MetaData.Request request, MetaData.Response response, ByteBuffer content, boolean lastContent, Callback callback)
     {
-        metaData = response;
+        this.responseMetaData = response;
 
         HeadersFrame headersFrame;
         DataFrame dataFrame = null;
@@ -256,12 +271,17 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
         if (HttpStatus.isInterim(response.getStatus()))
         {
             // Must not commit interim responses.
+
             if (hasContent)
             {
                 callback.failed(new IllegalStateException("Interim response cannot have content"));
                 return;
             }
-            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, false);
+
+            if (expects100Continue && response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100)
+                expects100Continue = false;
+
+            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(response, false);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -272,7 +292,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
                 long contentLength = response.getContentLength();
                 if (contentLength < 0)
                 {
-                    metaData = new MetaData.Response(
+                    this.responseMetaData = new MetaData.Response(
                         response.getHttpVersion(),
                         response.getStatus(),
                         response.getReason(),
@@ -290,7 +310,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
 
             if (hasContent)
             {
-                headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, false);
+                headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(response, false);
                 if (lastContent)
                 {
                     HttpFields trailers = retrieveTrailers();
@@ -313,27 +333,27 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
             {
                 if (lastContent)
                 {
-                    if (isTunnel(request, metaData))
+                    if (isTunnel(request, response))
                     {
-                        headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, false);
+                        headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(response, false);
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         HttpFields trailers = retrieveTrailers();
                         if (trailers == null)
                         {
-                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, true);
+                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(response, true);
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, false);
+                            headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(response, false);
                             trailersFrame = new HeadersFrame(new MetaData(HttpVersion.HTTP_3, trailers), true);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(metaData, false);
+                    headersFrame = new HeadersFrame(response, false);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -342,8 +362,8 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
         {
             LOG.debug("HTTP3 Response #{}/{}:{}{} {}{}{}",
                 stream.getId(), Integer.toHexString(stream.getSession().hashCode()),
-                System.lineSeparator(), HttpVersion.HTTP_3, metaData.getStatus(),
-                System.lineSeparator(), metaData.getFields());
+                System.lineSeparator(), HttpVersion.HTTP_3, response.getStatus(),
+                System.lineSeparator(), response.getFields());
         }
 
         CompletableFuture<Stream> cf = stream.respond(headersFrame);
@@ -363,7 +383,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
     {
         boolean isHeadRequest = HttpMethod.HEAD.is(request.getMethod());
         boolean hasContent = BufferUtil.hasContent(content) && !isHeadRequest;
-        if (hasContent || (lastContent && !isTunnel(request, metaData)))
+        if (hasContent || (lastContent && !isTunnel(request, responseMetaData)))
         {
             if (lastContent)
             {
@@ -398,7 +418,7 @@ public class HttpStreamOverHTTP3 implements HttpStream
 
     private HttpFields retrieveTrailers()
     {
-        Supplier<HttpFields> supplier = metaData.getTrailersSupplier();
+        Supplier<HttpFields> supplier = responseMetaData.getTrailersSupplier();
         if (supplier == null)
             return null;
         HttpFields trailers = supplier.get();

jetty-core/jetty-proxy/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/proxy/ProxyHandler.java

@@ -26,9 +26,14 @@ import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.ContinueProtocolHandler;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.EarlyHintsProtocolHandler;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.ProcessingProtocolHandler;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.ProtocolHandlers;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Result;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.dynamic.HttpClientTransportDynamic;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.AsyncRequestContent;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpField;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
@@ -67,6 +72,8 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
 {
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProxyHandler.class);
     private static final String CLIENT_TO_PROXY_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTE = ProxyHandler.class.getName() + ".clientToProxyRequest";
+    private static final String PROXY_TO_CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE = ProxyHandler.class.getName() + ".proxyToClientResponse";
+    private static final String PROXY_TO_SERVER_CONTINUE_ATTRIBUTE = ProxyHandler.class.getName() + ".proxyToServerContinue";
     private static final EnumSet<HttpHeader> HOP_HEADERS = EnumSet.of(
         HttpHeader.CONNECTION,
         HttpHeader.KEEP_ALIVE,
@@ -162,7 +169,11 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
         configureHttpClient(httpClient);
         LifeCycle.start(httpClient);
         httpClient.getContentDecoderFactories().clear();
-        httpClient.getProtocolHandlers().clear();
+        ProtocolHandlers protocolHandlers = httpClient.getProtocolHandlers();
+        protocolHandlers.clear();
+        protocolHandlers.put(new ProxyContinueProtocolHandler());
+        protocolHandlers.put(new ProxyProcessingProtocolHandler());
+        protocolHandlers.put(new ProxyEarlyHintsProtocolHandler());
         return httpClient;
     }
 
@@ -204,7 +215,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
     {
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
             LOG.debug("""
-                {} received C2P request
+                {} C2P received request
                 {}
                 {}""",
                 requestId(clientToProxyRequest),
@@ -216,6 +227,8 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
             LOG.debug("{} URI rewrite {} => {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), clientToProxyRequest.getHttpURI(), rewritten);
 
         var proxyToServerRequest = newProxyToServerRequest(clientToProxyRequest, rewritten);
+        proxyToServerRequest.attribute(CLIENT_TO_PROXY_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTE, clientToProxyRequest)
+            .attribute(PROXY_TO_CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE, proxyToClientResponse);
 
         copyRequestHeaders(clientToProxyRequest, proxyToServerRequest);
 
@@ -225,7 +238,18 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
         {
             if (expects100Continue(clientToProxyRequest))
             {
-                // TODO
+                // Delay reading the content until the server sends 100 Continue.
+                AsyncRequestContent delayedProxyToServerRequestContent = new AsyncRequestContent();
+                proxyToServerRequest.body(delayedProxyToServerRequestContent);
+                Runnable action = () ->
+                {
+                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+                        LOG.debug("{} P2S continuing request", requestId(clientToProxyRequest));
+                    var proxyToServerRequestContent = newProxyToServerRequestContent(clientToProxyRequest, proxyToClientResponse, proxyToServerRequest);
+                    Content.copy(proxyToServerRequestContent, delayedProxyToServerRequestContent,
+                        Callback.from(delayedProxyToServerRequestContent::close, x -> delayedProxyToServerRequestContent.write(Content.Chunk.from(x), Callback.NOOP)));
+                };
+                proxyToServerRequest.attribute(PROXY_TO_SERVER_CONTINUE_ATTRIBUTE, action);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -248,8 +272,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
     protected org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request newProxyToServerRequest(Request clientToProxyRequest, HttpURI newHttpURI)
     {
         return getHttpClient().newRequest(newHttpURI.toURI())
-            .method(clientToProxyRequest.getMethod())
-            .attribute(CLIENT_TO_PROXY_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTE, clientToProxyRequest);
+            .method(clientToProxyRequest.getMethod());
     }
 
     protected void copyRequestHeaders(Request clientToProxyRequest, org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest)
@@ -388,7 +411,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
         {
             LOG.debug("""
-                    {} sending P2S request
+                    {} P2S sending request
                     {}
                     {}""",
                 requestId(clientToProxyRequest),
@@ -417,6 +440,28 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
         Response.writeError(clientToProxyRequest, proxyToClientResponse, callback, status);
     }
 
+    protected void onServerToProxyResponse100Continue(Request clientToProxyRequest, org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest)
+    {
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+            LOG.debug("{} P2C 100 continue response", requestId(clientToProxyRequest));
+        Runnable action = (Runnable)proxyToServerRequest.getAttributes().get(PROXY_TO_SERVER_CONTINUE_ATTRIBUTE);
+        action.run();
+    }
+
+    protected void onServerToProxyResponse102Processing(Request clientToProxyRequest, org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest, HttpFields serverToProxyResponseHeaders, Response proxyToClientResponse)
+    {
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+            LOG.debug("{} P2C 102 interim response {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), serverToProxyResponseHeaders);
+        proxyToClientResponse.writeInterim(HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102, serverToProxyResponseHeaders);
+    }
+
+    protected void onServerToProxyResponse103EarlyHints(Request clientToProxyRequest, org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest, HttpFields serverToProxyResponseHeaders, Response proxyToClientResponse)
+    {
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+            LOG.debug("{} P2C 103 interim response {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), serverToProxyResponseHeaders);
+        proxyToClientResponse.writeInterim(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103, serverToProxyResponseHeaders);
+    }
+
     protected void onProxyToClientResponseComplete(Request clientToProxyRequest, org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest, org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response serverToProxyResponse, Response proxyToClientResponse, Callback proxyToClientCallback)
     {
         proxyToClientCallback.succeeded();
@@ -519,7 +564,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
         {
             Content.Chunk chunk = clientToProxyRequest.read();
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
-                LOG.debug("{} read C2P content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), chunk);
+                LOG.debug("{} C2P read content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), chunk);
             return chunk;
         }
 
@@ -544,8 +589,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
         @Override
         public boolean rewind()
         {
-            // TODO: can this be delegated to the clientToProxyRequest?
-            return false;
+            return clientToProxyRequest.rewind();
         }
     }
 
@@ -576,7 +620,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
             {
                 LOG.debug("""
-                        {} received S2P response
+                        {} S2P received response
                         {}
                         {}""",
                     requestId(clientToProxyRequest),
@@ -595,7 +639,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
             {
                 LOG.debug("""
-                        {} sending P2C response
+                        {} P2C sending response
                         {}
                         {}""",
                     requestId(clientToProxyRequest),
@@ -608,14 +652,14 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
         public void onContent(org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response serverToProxyResponse, ByteBuffer serverToProxyContent, Callback serverToProxyContentCallback)
         {
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
-                LOG.debug("{} received S2P content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), BufferUtil.toDetailString(serverToProxyContent));
+                LOG.debug("{} S2P received content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), BufferUtil.toDetailString(serverToProxyContent));
             Callback callback = new Callback()
             {
                 @Override
                 public void succeeded()
                 {
                     if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
-                        LOG.debug("{} succeeded to write P2C content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), BufferUtil.toDetailString(serverToProxyContent));
+                        LOG.debug("{} P2C succeeded to write content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), BufferUtil.toDetailString(serverToProxyContent));
                     serverToProxyContentCallback.succeeded();
                 }
 
@@ -623,7 +667,7 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
                 public void failed(Throwable failure)
                 {
                     if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
-                        LOG.debug("{} failed to write P2C content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), BufferUtil.toDetailString(serverToProxyContent), failure);
+                        LOG.debug("{} P2C failed to write content {}", requestId(clientToProxyRequest), BufferUtil.toDetailString(serverToProxyContent), failure);
                     serverToProxyContentCallback.failed(failure);
                     // Cannot write towards the client, abort towards the server.
                     serverToProxyResponse.abort(failure);
@@ -714,4 +758,45 @@ public abstract class ProxyHandler extends Handler.Processor
             return InvocationType.NON_BLOCKING;
         }
     }
+
+    private class ProxyContinueProtocolHandler extends ContinueProtocolHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        protected void onContinue(org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest)
+        {
+            super.onContinue(proxyToServerRequest);
+            var clientToProxyRequest = (Request)proxyToServerRequest.getAttributes().get(CLIENT_TO_PROXY_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTE);
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+                LOG.debug("{} S2P received 100 Continue", requestId(clientToProxyRequest));
+            onServerToProxyResponse100Continue(clientToProxyRequest, proxyToServerRequest);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ProxyProcessingProtocolHandler extends ProcessingProtocolHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        protected void onProcessing(org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest, HttpFields serverToProxyResponseHeaders)
+        {
+            super.onProcessing(proxyToServerRequest, serverToProxyResponseHeaders);
+            var clientToProxyRequest = (Request)proxyToServerRequest.getAttributes().get(CLIENT_TO_PROXY_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTE);
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+                LOG.debug("{} S2P received 102 Processing", requestId(clientToProxyRequest));
+            var proxyToClientResponse = (Response)proxyToServerRequest.getAttributes().get(PROXY_TO_CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE);
+            onServerToProxyResponse102Processing(clientToProxyRequest, proxyToServerRequest, serverToProxyResponseHeaders, proxyToClientResponse);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ProxyEarlyHintsProtocolHandler extends EarlyHintsProtocolHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        protected void onEarlyHints(org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request proxyToServerRequest, HttpFields serverToProxyResponseHeaders)
+        {
+            super.onEarlyHints(proxyToServerRequest, serverToProxyResponseHeaders);
+            var clientToProxyRequest = (Request)proxyToServerRequest.getAttributes().get(CLIENT_TO_PROXY_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTE);
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+                LOG.debug("{} S2P received 103 Early Hints", requestId(clientToProxyRequest));
+            var proxyToClientResponse = (Response)proxyToServerRequest.getAttributes().get(PROXY_TO_CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE);
+            onServerToProxyResponse103EarlyHints(clientToProxyRequest, proxyToServerRequest, serverToProxyResponseHeaders, proxyToClientResponse);
+        }
+    }
 }

jetty-core/jetty-proxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/proxy/AbstractProxyTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//
+// ========================================================================
+// Copyright (c) 1995-2022 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+// ========================================================================
+//
+
+package org.eclipse.jetty.proxy;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.dynamic.HttpClientTransportDynamic;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.http.HttpClientConnectionFactory;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpVersion;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.client.HTTP2Client;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.client.transport.ClientConnectionFactoryOverHTTP2;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.server.HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.io.ClientConnector;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Handler;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnectionFactory;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.LifeCycle;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+
+public class AbstractProxyTest
+{
+    public static List<HttpVersion> httpVersions()
+    {
+        return List.of(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpVersion.HTTP_2);
+    }
+
+    protected Server server;
+    protected ServerConnector serverConnector;
+    protected Server proxy;
+    protected ServerConnector proxyConnector;
+    protected HttpClient client;
+
+    protected void startClient() throws Exception
+    {
+        ClientConnector clientConnector = new ClientConnector();
+        QueuedThreadPool clientThreads = new QueuedThreadPool();
+        clientThreads.setName("client");
+        clientConnector.setExecutor(clientThreads);
+        HTTP2Client http2Client = new HTTP2Client(clientConnector);
+        client = new HttpClient(new HttpClientTransportDynamic(clientConnector, HttpClientConnectionFactory.HTTP11, new ClientConnectionFactoryOverHTTP2.HTTP2(http2Client)));
+        client.start();
+    }
+
+    protected void startProxy(ProxyHandler handler) throws Exception
+    {
+        QueuedThreadPool proxyPool = new QueuedThreadPool();
+        proxyPool.setName("proxy");
+        proxy = new Server(proxyPool);
+        HttpConfiguration configuration = new HttpConfiguration();
+        configuration.setSendDateHeader(false);
+        configuration.setSendServerVersion(false);
+        proxyConnector = new ServerConnector(proxy, 1, 1, new HttpConnectionFactory(configuration), new HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory(configuration));
+        proxy.addConnector(proxyConnector);
+        proxy.setHandler(handler);
+        proxy.start();
+    }
+
+    protected void startServer(Handler handler) throws Exception
+    {
+        QueuedThreadPool serverPool = new QueuedThreadPool();
+        serverPool.setName("server");
+        server = new Server(serverPool);
+        HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
+        serverConnector = new ServerConnector(server, 1, 1, new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig), new HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory(httpConfig));
+        server.addConnector(serverConnector);
+        server.setHandler(handler);
+        server.start();
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    public void dispose()
+    {
+        LifeCycle.stop(client);
+        LifeCycle.stop(proxy);
+        LifeCycle.stop(server);
+    }
+}

jetty-core/jetty-proxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/proxy/InterimResponseProxyTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//
+// ========================================================================
+// Copyright (c) 1995-2022 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+// ========================================================================
+//
+
+package org.eclipse.jetty.proxy;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentResponse;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.StringRequestContent;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.io.Content;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Handler;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Response;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Promise;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class InterimResponseProxyTest extends AbstractProxyTest
+{
+    @Test
+    public void testInterimResponses() throws Exception
+    {
+        startServer(new Handler.Processor()
+        {
+            @Override
+            public void process(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
+            {
+                CompletableFuture<Void> completable = response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100, HttpFields.EMPTY)
+                    .thenCompose(ignored -> Promise.Completable.<String>with(p -> Content.Source.asString(request, StandardCharsets.UTF_8, p)))
+                    .thenCompose(content -> response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102, HttpFields.EMPTY).thenApply(ignored -> content))
+                    .thenCompose(content -> response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103, HttpFields.EMPTY).thenApply(ignored -> content))
+                    .thenCompose(content -> Callback.Completable.with(c -> Content.Sink.write(response, true, content, c)));
+                callback.completeWith(completable);
+            }
+        });
+
+        startProxy(new ProxyHandler.Reverse(clientToProxyRequest ->
+            HttpURI.build(clientToProxyRequest.getHttpURI()).port(serverConnector.getLocalPort())));
+
+        startClient();
+
+        String content = "hello world";
+        ContentResponse response = client.newRequest("localhost", proxyConnector.getLocalPort())
+            .headers(headers -> headers.put(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE))
+            .body(new StringRequestContent(content))
+            .send();
+        assertEquals(content, response.getContentAsString());
+    }
+}

jetty-core/jetty-proxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/proxy/ReverseProxyTest.java

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 
 package org.eclipse.jetty.proxy;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentResponse;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.dynamic.HttpClientTransportDynamic;
@@ -24,83 +22,20 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpVersion;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.client.HTTP2Client;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.client.transport.ClientConnectionFactoryOverHTTP2;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.http2.server.HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.io.ClientConnector;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.io.Content;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Handler;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnectionFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Response;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.LifeCycle;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
-public class ReverseProxyTest
+public class ReverseProxyTest extends AbstractProxyTest
 {
-    private Server server;
-    private ServerConnector serverConnector;
-    private Server proxy;
-    private ServerConnector proxyConnector;
-    private HttpClient client;
-
-    private void startServer(Handler handler) throws Exception
-    {
-        QueuedThreadPool serverPool = new QueuedThreadPool();
-        serverPool.setName("server");
-        server = new Server(serverPool);
-        HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
-        serverConnector = new ServerConnector(server, 1, 1, new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig), new HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory(httpConfig));
-        server.addConnector(serverConnector);
-        server.setHandler(handler);
-        server.start();
-    }
-
-    private void startProxy(Handler handler) throws Exception
-    {
-        QueuedThreadPool proxyPool = new QueuedThreadPool();
-        proxyPool.setName("proxy");
-        proxy = new Server(proxyPool);
-        HttpConfiguration configuration = new HttpConfiguration();
-        configuration.setSendDateHeader(false);
-        configuration.setSendServerVersion(false);
-        proxyConnector = new ServerConnector(proxy, 1, 1, new HttpConnectionFactory(configuration), new HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory(configuration));
-        proxy.addConnector(proxyConnector);
-        proxy.setHandler(handler);
-        proxy.start();
-    }
-
-    private void startClient() throws Exception
-    {
-        ClientConnector clientConnector = new ClientConnector();
-        QueuedThreadPool clientThreads = new QueuedThreadPool();
-        clientThreads.setName("client");
-        clientConnector.setExecutor(clientThreads);
-        HTTP2Client http2Client = new HTTP2Client(clientConnector);
-        client = new HttpClient(new HttpClientTransportDynamic(clientConnector, HttpClientConnectionFactory.HTTP11, new ClientConnectionFactoryOverHTTP2.HTTP2(http2Client)));
-        client.start();
-    }
-
-    @AfterEach
-    public void dispose()
-    {
-        LifeCycle.stop(client);
-        LifeCycle.stop(proxy);
-        LifeCycle.stop(server);
-    }
-
-    private static List<HttpVersion> httpVersions()
-    {
-        return List.of(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpVersion.HTTP_2);
-    }
-
     @ParameterizedTest
     @MethodSource("httpVersions")
     public void testSimple(HttpVersion httpVersion) throws Exception

jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-quiche/pom.xml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
     <profile>
       <id>jdk17</id>
       <activation>
-        <jdk>[17,)</jdk>
+        <jdk>17</jdk>
       </activation>
       <modules>
         <module>jetty-quic-quiche-foreign-incubator</module>

jetty-core/jetty-server/pom.xml

@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@
       <artifactId>jetty-test-helper</artifactId>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jetty-xhtml-schemas</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
       <artifactId>jetty-http-tools</artifactId>

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/Handler.java

@@ -534,9 +534,7 @@ public interface Handler extends LifeCycle, Destroyable, Invocable
         public List<Handler> getHandlers()
         {
             Handler next = getHandler();
-            if (next == null)
-                return Collections.emptyList();
-            return List.of(next);
+            return (next == null) ? Collections.emptyList() : Collections.singletonList(next);
         }
 
         @Override

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/OptionalSslConnectionFactory.java

@@ -112,9 +112,8 @@ public class OptionalSslConnectionFactory extends DetectorConnectionFactory
                     "Connection: close\r\n" +
                     "\r\n" +
                     body;
-            Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-            endPoint.write(completable, ByteBuffer.wrap(response.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)));
-            completable.whenComplete((r, x) -> endPoint.close());
+            Callback.Completable.with(c -> endPoint.write(c, ByteBuffer.wrap(response.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII))))
+                .whenComplete((r, x) -> endPoint.close());
         }
         else
         {

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ResourceListing.java

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class ResourceListing
     public static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ResourceListing.class);
 
     /**
-     * Convert the Resource directory into an HTML directory listing.
+     * Convert the Resource directory into an XHTML directory listing.
      *
      * @param resource the resource to build the listing from
      * @param base The base URL
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class ResourceListing
      * @param query query params
      * @return the HTML as String
      */
-    public static String getAsHTML(Resource resource, String base, boolean parent, String query)
+    public static String getAsXHTML(Resource resource, String base, boolean parent, String query)
     {
         // This method doesn't check aliases, so it is OK to canonicalize here.
         base = URIUtil.normalizePath(base);
@@ -105,13 +105,15 @@ public class ResourceListing
 
         StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(4096);
 
-        // Doctype Declaration (HTML5)
-        buf.append("<!DOCTYPE html>\n");
-        buf.append("<html lang=\"en\">\n");
+        // Doctype Declaration + XHTML
+        buf.append("""
+            <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+            <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+            <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
+            """);
 
         // HTML Header
         buf.append("<head>\n");
-        buf.append("<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n");
         buf.append("<link href=\"jetty-dir.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" />\n");
         buf.append("<title>");
         buf.append(title);
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ public class ResourceListing
             }
         }
 
-        buf.append("<tr><th class=\"name\"><a href=\"?C=N&O=").append(order).append("\">");
+        buf.append("<tr><th class=\"name\"><a href=\"?C=N&amp;O=").append(order).append("\">");
         buf.append("Name").append(arrow);
         buf.append("</a></th>");
 
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ public class ResourceListing
             }
         }
 
-        buf.append("<th class=\"lastmodified\"><a href=\"?C=M&O=").append(order).append("\">");
+        buf.append("<th class=\"lastmodified\"><a href=\"?C=M&amp;O=").append(order).append("\">");
         buf.append("Last Modified").append(arrow);
         buf.append("</a></th>");
 
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ public class ResourceListing
                 arrow = ARROW_DOWN;
             }
         }
-        buf.append("<th class=\"size\"><a href=\"?C=S&O=").append(order).append("\">");
+        buf.append("<th class=\"size\"><a href=\"?C=S&amp;O=").append(order).append("\">");
         buf.append("Size").append(arrow);
         buf.append("</a></th></tr>\n");
         buf.append("</thead>\n");
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ public class ResourceListing
         {
             // Name
             buf.append("<tr><td class=\"name\"><a href=\"");
+            // TODO This produces an absolute link from the /context/<listing-dir> path, investigate if we can use relative links reliably now
             buf.append(URIUtil.addPaths(encodedBase, "../"));
             buf.append("\">Parent Directory</a></td>");
             // Last Modified
@@ -228,8 +231,7 @@ public class ResourceListing
             buf.append(path);
             buf.append("\">");
             buf.append(deTag(name));
-            buf.append("&nbsp;");
-            buf.append("</a></td>");
+            buf.append("&nbsp;</a></td>");
 
             // Last Modified
             buf.append("<td class=\"lastmodified\">");
@@ -262,11 +264,18 @@ public class ResourceListing
     }
 
     /**
+     * <p>
      * Encode any characters that could break the URI string in an HREF.
-     * Such as <a href="/path/to;<script>Window.alert("XSS"+'%20'+"here");</script>">Link</a>
+     * </p>
      *
+     * <p>
+     *   Such as:
+     *   {@code <a href="/path/to;<script>Window.alert('XSS'+'%20'+'here');</script>">Link</a>}
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
      * The above example would parse incorrectly on various browsers as the "<" or '"' characters
      * would end the href attribute value string prematurely.
+     * </p>
      *
      * @param raw the raw text to encode.
      * @return the defanged text.

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ResourceService.java

@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ public class ResourceService
         }
 
         String base = URIUtil.addEncodedPaths(request.getHttpURI().getPath(), URIUtil.SLASH);
-        String listing = ResourceListing.getAsHTML(httpContent.getResource(), base, pathInContext.length() > 1, request.getHttpURI().getQuery());
+        String listing = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(httpContent.getResource(), base, pathInContext.length() > 1, request.getHttpURI().getQuery());
         if (listing == null)
         {
             writeHttpError(request, response, callback, HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN_403);

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/Response.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package org.eclipse.jetty.server;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ListIterator;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
@@ -62,6 +63,9 @@ public interface Response extends Content.Sink
 
     void reset();
 
+    CompletableFuture<Void> writeInterim(int status, HttpFields headers);
+
+    // TODO: make it static, otherwise we must override it in Wrapper.
     default boolean writeTrailers(Content.Chunk chunk, Callback ignored)
     {
         if (chunk instanceof Trailers trailers)
@@ -156,7 +160,6 @@ public interface Response extends Content.Sink
             if (field.getHeader() == HttpHeader.SET_COOKIE)
             {
                 CookieCompliance compliance = httpConfiguration.getResponseCookieCompliance();
-                HttpCookie oldCookie;
                 if (field instanceof HttpCookie.SetCookieHttpField)
                 {
                     if (!HttpCookie.match(((HttpCookie.SetCookieHttpField)field).getHttpCookie(), cookie.getName(), cookie.getDomain(), cookie.getPath()))
@@ -203,8 +206,6 @@ public interface Response extends Content.Sink
 
     static void writeError(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, int status, String message, Throwable cause)
     {
-        // TODO what about 102 Processing?
-
         // Retrieve the Logger instance here, rather than having a
         // public field that will force a transitive dependency on SLF4J.
         Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Response.class);
@@ -420,5 +421,11 @@ public interface Response extends Content.Sink
         {
             getWrapped().reset();
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public CompletableFuture<Void> writeInterim(int status, HttpFields headers)
+        {
+            return getWrapped().writeInterim(status, headers);
+        }
     }
 }

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ContextHandler.java

@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ public class ContextHandler extends Handler.Wrapper implements Attributes, Grace
         if (resource.isAlias())
         {
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
-                LOG.debug("Aliased resource: {}~={}", resource, resource.getAlias());
+                LOG.debug("Aliased resource: {} -> {}", resource, resource.getTargetURI());
 
             // alias checks
             for (AliasCheck check : _aliasChecks)

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/HotSwapHandler.java

@@ -13,13 +13,113 @@
 
 package org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Handler;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.Invocable;
 
 /**
  * A <code>HandlerContainer</code> that allows a hot swap of a wrapped handler.
- * @deprecated
  */
-@Deprecated
-public class HotSwapHandler extends Handler.Wrapper
+public class HotSwapHandler extends Handler.AbstractContainer implements Handler.Nested
 {
+    // TODO unit tests
+
+    private volatile Handler _handler;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public HotSwapHandler()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Returns the handlers.
+     */
+    public Handler getHandler()
+    {
+        return _handler;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Returns the handlers.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public List<Handler> getHandlers()
+    {
+        Handler next = _handler;
+        return (next == null) ? Collections.emptyList() : Collections.singletonList(next);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param handler Set the {@link Handler} which should be wrapped.
+     */
+    public void setHandler(Handler handler)
+    {
+        // check state
+        Server server1 = ((Nested)this).getServer();
+        if (server1 != null && server1.isStarted() && handler != null &&
+            server1.getInvocationType() != Invocable.combine(server1.getInvocationType(), handler.getInvocationType()))
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot change invocation type of started server");
+
+        // Check for loops.
+        if (handler == this || (handler instanceof Container container &&
+            container.getDescendants().contains(this)))
+            throw new IllegalStateException("setHandler loop");
+
+        try
+        {
+            Server server = getServer();
+            if (handler == _handler)
+                return;
+
+            Handler oldHandler = _handler;
+            if (handler != null)
+            {
+                handler.setServer(server);
+                addBean(handler, true);
+                if (oldHandler != null && oldHandler.isStarted())
+                    handler.start();
+            }
+            _handler = handler;
+            if (oldHandler != null)
+                removeBean(oldHandler);
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Request.Processor handle(Request request) throws Exception
+    {
+        Handler next = _handler;
+        return next == null ? null : next.handle(request);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InvocationType getInvocationType()
+    {
+        Handler next = getHandler();
+        return next == null ? InvocationType.NON_BLOCKING : next.getInvocationType();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy()
+    {
+        if (!isStopped())
+            throw new IllegalStateException("!STOPPED");
+        Handler child = getHandler();
+        if (child != null)
+        {
+            setHandler((Handler)null);
+            child.destroy();
+        }
+        super.destroy();
+    }
 }

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/internal/HttpChannelState.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAdder;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
@@ -1263,6 +1264,24 @@ public class HttpChannelState implements HttpChannel, Components
             _request.getHttpChannel().resetResponse();
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public CompletableFuture<Void> writeInterim(int status, HttpFields headers)
+        {
+            Completable completable = new Completable();
+            if (HttpStatus.isInterim(status))
+            {
+                HttpChannelState channel = _request.getHttpChannel();
+                HttpVersion version = channel.getConnectionMetaData().getHttpVersion();
+                MetaData.Response response = new MetaData.Response(version, status, headers);
+                channel._stream.send(_request._metaData, response, false, null, completable);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                completable.failed(new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid interim status code: " + status));
+            }
+            return completable;
+        }
+
         private MetaData.Response lockedPrepareResponse(HttpChannelState httpChannel, boolean last)
         {
             // Assume 200 unless told otherwise.

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/internal/HttpConnection.java

@@ -1157,14 +1157,12 @@ public class HttpConnection extends AbstractConnection implements Runnable, Writ
         private MetaData.Request _request;
         private HttpField _upgrade = null;
         private Connection _upgradeConnection;
-
-        Content.Chunk _chunk;
+        private Content.Chunk _chunk;
         private boolean _connectionClose = false;
         private boolean _connectionKeepAlive = false;
         private boolean _connectionUpgrade = false;
         private boolean _unknownExpectation = false;
-        private boolean _expect100Continue = false;
-        private boolean _expect102Processing = false;
+        private boolean _expects100Continue = false;
         private List<String> _complianceViolations;
 
         protected HttpStreamOverHTTP1(String method, String uri, HttpVersion version)
@@ -1206,22 +1204,16 @@ public class HttpConnection extends AbstractConnection implements Runnable, Writ
                     {
                         if (!HttpHeaderValue.parseCsvIndex(value, t ->
                         {
-                            switch (t)
+                            if (t == HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE)
                             {
-                                case CONTINUE:
-                                    _expect100Continue = true;
-                                    return true;
-                                case PROCESSING:
-                                    _expect102Processing = true;
-                                    return true;
-                                default:
-                                    return false;
+                                _expects100Continue = true;
+                                return true;
                             }
+                            return false;
                         }, s -> false))
                         {
                             _unknownExpectation = true;
-                            _expect100Continue = false;
-                            _expect102Processing = false;
+                            _expects100Continue = false;
                         }
                         break;
                     }
@@ -1398,8 +1390,12 @@ public class HttpConnection extends AbstractConnection implements Runnable, Writ
 
             Content.Chunk content = _chunk;
             _chunk = Content.Chunk.next(content);
-            if (content != null && _expect100Continue && content.hasRemaining())
-                _expect100Continue = false;
+
+            // Some content is read, but the 100 Continue interim
+            // response has not been sent yet, then don't bother
+            // sending it later, as the client already sent the content.
+            if (content != null && _expects100Continue && content.hasRemaining())
+                _expects100Continue = false;
 
             return content;
         }
@@ -1423,9 +1419,9 @@ public class HttpConnection extends AbstractConnection implements Runnable, Writ
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (_expect100Continue)
+            if (_expects100Continue)
             {
-                _expect100Continue = false;
+                _expects100Continue = false;
                 send(_request, HttpGenerator.CONTINUE_100_INFO, false, null, Callback.NOOP);
             }
 
@@ -1454,15 +1450,18 @@ public class HttpConnection extends AbstractConnection implements Runnable, Writ
             {
                 callback.failed(new IllegalStateException("Committed"));
             }
-            else if (response.getStatus() == 102 && !_expect102Processing)
+            else if (_expects100Continue)
             {
-                // silently discard
-                callback.succeeded();
-            }
-            else if (response.getStatus() != 100 && _expect100Continue)
-            {
-                // If we are still expecting a 100 continues when we commit then we can't be persistent
-                _generator.setPersistent(false);
+                if (response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100)
+                {
+                    _expects100Continue = false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Expecting to send a 100 Continue response, but it's a different response,
+                    // then cannot be persistent because likely the client did not send the content.
+                    _generator.setPersistent(false);
+                }
             }
 
             if (_sendCallback.reset(_request, response, content, last, callback))
@@ -1586,11 +1585,11 @@ public class HttpConnection extends AbstractConnection implements Runnable, Writ
             if (HttpConnection.this.upgrade(stream))
                 return;
 
-            // Finish consuming the request
-            // If we are still expecting
-            if (_expect100Continue)
+            if (_expects100Continue)
             {
-                // close to seek EOF
+                // No content was read, and no 100 Continue response was sent.
+                // Close the parser so that below it seeks EOF, not the next request.
+                _expects100Continue = false;
                 _parser.close();
             }
 
@@ -1613,8 +1612,6 @@ public class HttpConnection extends AbstractConnection implements Runnable, Writ
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
                 LOG.debug("non-current completion {}", this);
 
-            // TODO what about upgrade????
-
             // If we are looking for the next request
             if (_parser.isStart())
             {

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/DetectorConnectionTest.java

@@ -369,9 +369,8 @@ public class DetectorConnectionTest
                 // omitting this will leak the buffer
                 connector.getByteBufferPool().release(buffer);
 
-                Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                endPoint.write(completable, ByteBuffer.wrap("No upgrade for you".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)));
-                completable.whenComplete((r, x) -> endPoint.close());
+                Callback.Completable.with(c -> endPoint.write(c, ByteBuffer.wrap("No upgrade for you".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII))))
+                    .whenComplete((r, x) -> endPoint.close());
             }
         };
         HttpConnectionFactory http = new HttpConnectionFactory();

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LocalConnectorTest.java

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ public class LocalConnectorTest
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testExpectContinuesAvailable() throws Exception
+    public void testExpect100ContinueContentAvailable() throws Exception
     {
         LocalConnector.LocalEndPoint endp = _connector.connect();
         endp.addInput(
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ public class LocalConnectorTest
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testExpectContinues() throws Exception
+    public void testExpect100Continue() throws Exception
     {
         LocalConnector.LocalEndPoint endp = _connector.executeRequest(
             """

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ResourceListingTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+//
+// ========================================================================
+// Copyright (c) 1995-2022 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+// ========================================================================
+//
+
+package org.eclipse.jetty.server;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import javax.xml.catalog.Catalog;
+import javax.xml.catalog.CatalogManager;
+import javax.xml.catalog.CatalogResolver;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+
+import org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.test.FS;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.test.jupiter.WorkDir;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.xhtml.CatalogXHTML;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions.assumeTrue;
+
+public class ResourceListingTest
+{
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicResourceXHtmlListingRoot(WorkDir workDir) throws IOException
+    {
+        Path root = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        FS.touch(root.resolve("entry1.txt"));
+        FS.touch(root.resolve("entry2.dat"));
+        Files.createDirectory(root.resolve("dirFoo"));
+        Files.createDirectory(root.resolve("dirBar"));
+        Files.createDirectory(root.resolve("dirZed"));
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            Resource resource = resourceFactory.newResource(root);
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry1.txt"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/entry1.txt\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry2.dat"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/entry2.dat\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirFoo/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/dirFoo/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirBar/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/dirBar/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirZed/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/dirZed/\">"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicResourceXHtmlListingDeep(WorkDir workDir) throws IOException
+    {
+        Path root = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        FS.touch(root.resolve("entry1.txt"));
+        FS.touch(root.resolve("entry2.dat"));
+        Files.createDirectory(root.resolve("dirFoo"));
+        Files.createDirectory(root.resolve("dirBar"));
+        Files.createDirectory(root.resolve("dirZed"));
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            Resource resource = resourceFactory.newResource(root);
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/deep/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry1.txt"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/deep/entry1.txt\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry2.dat"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/deep/entry2.dat\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirFoo/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/deep/dirFoo/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirBar/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/deep/dirBar/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirZed/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/deep/dirZed/\">"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResourceCollectionXHtmlListingContext(WorkDir workDir) throws IOException
+    {
+        Path root = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        Path docrootA = root.resolve("docrootA");
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA);
+        FS.touch(docrootA.resolve("entry1.txt"));
+        FS.touch(docrootA.resolve("entry2.dat"));
+        FS.touch(docrootA.resolve("similar.txt"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA.resolve("dirSame"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA.resolve("dirFoo"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA.resolve("dirBar"));
+
+        Path docrootB = root.resolve("docrootB");
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB);
+        FS.touch(docrootB.resolve("entry3.png"));
+        FS.touch(docrootB.resolve("entry4.tar.gz"));
+        FS.touch(docrootB.resolve("similar.txt")); // same filename as in docrootA
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB.resolve("dirSame")); // same directory name as in docrootA
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB.resolve("dirCid"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB.resolve("dirZed"));
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            List<URI> uriRootList = List.of(docrootA.toUri(), docrootB.toUri());
+            Resource resource = resourceFactory.newResource(uriRootList);
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/context/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry1.txt"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry1.txt\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry2.dat"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry2.dat\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry3.png"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry3.png\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry4.tar.gz"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry4.tar.gz\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirFoo/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirFoo/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirBar/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirBar/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirCid/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirCid/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirZed/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirZed/\">"));
+
+            int count;
+
+            // how many dirSame links do we have?
+            count = content.split(Pattern.quote("<a href=\"/context/dirSame/\">"), -1).length - 1;
+            assertThat(count, is(1));
+
+            // how many similar.txt do we have?
+            count = content.split(Pattern.quote("<a href=\"/context/similar.txt\">"), -1).length - 1;
+            assertThat(count, is(1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResourceCollectionMixedTypesXHtmlListingContext(WorkDir workDir) throws IOException
+    {
+        Path root = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        Path docrootA = root.resolve("docrootA");
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA);
+        FS.touch(docrootA.resolve("entry1.txt"));
+        FS.touch(docrootA.resolve("entry2.dat"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA.resolve("dirFoo"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA.resolve("dirBar"));
+
+        Path docrootB = root.resolve("docrootB");
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB);
+        FS.touch(docrootB.resolve("entry3.png"));
+        FS.touch(docrootB.resolve("entry4.tar.gz"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB.resolve("dirCid"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB.resolve("dirZed"));
+
+        // Introduce a non-directory entry
+        Path docNonRootC = root.resolve("non-root.dat");
+        FS.touch(docNonRootC);
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            // Collection consisting of file, dir, dir
+            List<URI> uriRootList = List.of(docNonRootC.toUri(), docrootA.toUri(), docrootB.toUri());
+            Resource resource = resourceFactory.newResource(uriRootList);
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/context/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry1.txt"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry1.txt\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry2.dat"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry2.dat\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry3.png"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry3.png\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry4.tar.gz"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry4.tar.gz\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirFoo/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirFoo/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirBar/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirBar/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirCid/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirCid/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirZed/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirZed/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/non-root.dat\">"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test a ResourceCollection that is constructed by nested ResourceCollection.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testResourceCollectionNestedXHtmlListingContext(WorkDir workDir) throws IOException
+    {
+        Path root = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        Path docrootA = root.resolve("docrootA");
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA);
+        FS.touch(docrootA.resolve("entry1.txt"));
+        FS.touch(docrootA.resolve("entry2.dat"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA.resolve("dirFoo"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootA.resolve("dirBar"));
+
+        Path docrootB = root.resolve("docrootB");
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB);
+        FS.touch(docrootB.resolve("entry3.png"));
+        FS.touch(docrootB.resolve("entry4.tar.gz"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB.resolve("dirCid"));
+        Files.createDirectory(docrootB.resolve("dirZed"));
+
+        // Introduce a non-directory entry
+        Path docNonRootC = root.resolve("non-root.dat");
+        FS.touch(docNonRootC);
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            // Collection consisting of inputs [file, dir]
+            Resource resourceCollectionA = resourceFactory.newResource(List.of(docNonRootC.toUri(), docrootB.toUri()));
+            // Basic resource, just a dir
+            Resource basicResource = resourceFactory.newResource(docrootA);
+            // New Collection consisting of inputs [collection, dir] - resulting in [file, dir, dir]
+            Resource resourceCollectionB = Resource.combine(resourceCollectionA, basicResource);
+
+            // Use collection in generating the output
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resourceCollectionB, "/context/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry1.txt"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry1.txt\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry2.dat"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry2.dat\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry3.png"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry3.png\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("entry4.tar.gz"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/entry4.tar.gz\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirFoo/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirFoo/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirBar/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirBar/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirCid/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirCid/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("dirZed/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/dirZed/\">"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/non-root.dat\">"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A regression on windows allowed the directory listing show
+     * the fully qualified paths within the directory listing.
+     * This test ensures that this behavior will not arise again.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testListingFilenamesOnly(WorkDir workDir) throws Exception
+    {
+        Path docRoot = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        /* create some content in the docroot */
+        FS.ensureDirExists(docRoot);
+        Path one = docRoot.resolve("one");
+        FS.ensureDirExists(one);
+        Path deep = one.resolve("deep");
+        FS.ensureDirExists(deep);
+        FS.touch(deep.resolve("foo"));
+        FS.ensureDirExists(docRoot.resolve("two"));
+        FS.ensureDirExists(docRoot.resolve("three"));
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            Resource resourceBase = resourceFactory.newResource(docRoot);
+            Resource resource = resourceBase.resolve("one/deep/");
+
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/context/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("/foo"));
+
+            String resBasePath = docRoot.toAbsolutePath().toString();
+            assertThat(content, not(containsString(resBasePath)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListingProperUrlEncoding(WorkDir workDir) throws Exception
+    {
+        Path docRoot = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+        /* create some content in the docroot */
+
+        Path wackyDir = docRoot.resolve("dir;"); // this should not be double-encoded.
+        FS.ensureDirExists(wackyDir);
+
+        FS.ensureDirExists(wackyDir.resolve("four"));
+        FS.ensureDirExists(wackyDir.resolve("five"));
+        FS.ensureDirExists(wackyDir.resolve("six"));
+
+        /* At this point we have the following
+         * testListingProperUrlEncoding/
+         * `-- docroot
+         *     `-- dir;
+         *         |-- five
+         *         |-- four
+         *         `-- six
+         */
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            Resource resourceBase = resourceFactory.newResource(docRoot);
+
+            // Resolve directory
+            Resource resource = resourceBase.resolve("dir%3B");
+
+            // Context
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/context/dir%3B/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            // Should not see double-encoded ";"
+            // First encoding: ";" -> "%3B"
+            // Second encoding: "%3B" -> "%253B" (BAD!)
+            assertThat(content, not(containsString("%253B")));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("/dir%3B/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("/dir%3B/four/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("/dir%3B/five/"));
+            assertThat(content, containsString("/dir%3B/six/"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListingWithQuestionMarks(WorkDir workDir) throws Exception
+    {
+        Path docRoot = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        /* create some content in the docroot */
+        FS.ensureDirExists(docRoot.resolve("one"));
+        FS.ensureDirExists(docRoot.resolve("two"));
+        FS.ensureDirExists(docRoot.resolve("three"));
+
+        // Creating dir 'f??r' (Might not work in Windows)
+        assumeMkDirSupported(docRoot, "f??r");
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            Resource resource = resourceFactory.newResource(docRoot);
+
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/context/", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            assertThat(content, containsString("f??r"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListingEncoding(WorkDir workDir) throws Exception
+    {
+        Path docRoot = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
+        /* create some content in the docroot */
+        Path one = docRoot.resolve("one");
+        FS.ensureDirExists(one);
+
+        // example of content on disk that could cause problems when taken to the HTML space.
+        Path alert = one.resolve("onmouseclick='alert(oops)'");
+        FS.touch(alert);
+
+        try (ResourceFactory.Closeable resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable())
+        {
+            Resource resourceBase = resourceFactory.newResource(docRoot);
+            Resource resource = resourceBase.resolve("one");
+
+            String content = ResourceListing.getAsXHTML(resource, "/context/one", false, null);
+            assertTrue(isValidXHtml(content));
+
+            // Entry should be properly encoded
+            assertThat(content, containsString("<a href=\"/context/one/onmouseclick=%27alert(oops)%27\">"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isValidXHtml(String content)
+    {
+        // we expect that our generated output conforms to text/xhtml is well-formed
+        try (ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)))
+        {
+            Catalog catalog = CatalogXHTML.getCatalog();
+            CatalogResolver resolver = CatalogManager.catalogResolver(catalog);
+
+            DocumentBuilderFactory xmlDocumentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+            xmlDocumentBuilderFactory.setValidating(true);
+            DocumentBuilder db = xmlDocumentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
+            db.setEntityResolver(resolver);
+            List<SAXParseException> errors = new ArrayList<>();
+            db.setErrorHandler(new ErrorHandler()
+            {
+                @Override
+                public void warning(SAXParseException exception)
+                {
+                    exception.printStackTrace();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void error(SAXParseException exception)
+                {
+                    errors.add(exception);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void fatalError(SAXParseException exception)
+                {
+                    errors.add(exception);
+                }
+            });
+
+            // We consider this content to be XML well-formed if these 2 lines do not throw an Exception
+            Document doc = db.parse(inputStream);
+            doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
+
+            if (errors.size() > 0)
+            {
+                IOException ioException = new IOException("Failed to validate XHTML");
+                for (SAXException saxException : errors)
+                {
+                    ioException.addSuppressed(saxException);
+                }
+                fail(ioException);
+            }
+
+            return true; // it's well-formed
+        }
+        catch (IOException | ParserConfigurationException | SAXException e)
+        {
+            e.printStackTrace(System.err);
+            return false; // XHTML has got issues
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to create the directory, skip testcase if not supported on OS.
+     */
+    private static Path assumeMkDirSupported(Path path, String subpath)
+    {
+        Path ret = null;
+
+        try
+        {
+            ret = path.resolve(subpath);
+
+            if (Files.exists(ret))
+                return ret;
+
+            Files.createDirectories(ret);
+        }
+        catch (InvalidPathException | IOException ignore)
+        {
+            // ignore
+        }
+
+        assumeTrue(ret != null, "Directory creation not supported on OS: " + path + File.separator + subpath);
+        assumeTrue(Files.exists(ret), "Directory creation not supported on OS: " + ret);
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+}

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ContextHandlerGetResourceTest.java

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ public class ContextHandlerGetResourceTest
 
             Resource resource = context.getResource(path);
             assertNotNull(resource);
-            assertEquals(context.getResource("/subdir/TextFile.Long.txt").getURI(), resource.getAlias());
+            assertEquals(context.getResource("/subdir/TextFile.Long.txt").getURI(), resource.getTargetURI());
 
             URL url = context.getServletContext().getResource(path);
             assertNotNull(url);

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ResourceHandlerTest.java

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpField;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpTester;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.UriCompliance;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.logging.StacklessLogging;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Handler;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration;
@@ -2626,6 +2627,11 @@ public class ResourceHandlerTest
         assertThat(response.get(LOCATION), endsWith("/context/"));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Tests to attempt to break out of the Context restrictions by
+     * abusing encoding (or lack thereof), listing output,
+     * welcome file behaviors, and more.
+     */
     @ParameterizedTest
     @MethodSource("contextBreakoutScenarios")
     public void testListingContextBreakout(ResourceHandlerTest.Scenario scenario) throws Exception
@@ -2784,9 +2790,27 @@ public class ResourceHandlerTest
         assertThat(body, containsString("f??r"));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Tests to ensure that when requesting a legit directory listing, you
+     * cannot arbitrarily include XSS in the output via careful manipulation
+     * of the request path.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * This is mainly a test of how the raw request details evolve over time, and
+     * migrate through the ResourceHandler before it hits the
+     * ResourceListing.getAsXHTML for output production
+     * </p>
+     */
     @Test
     public void testListingXSS() throws Exception
     {
+        // Allow unsafe URI requests for this test case specifically
+        // The requests below abuse the path-param features of URI, and the default UriCompliance mode
+        // will prevent the use those requests as a 400 Bad Request: Ambiguous URI empty segment
+        HttpConfiguration httpConfiguration = _local.getConnectionFactory(HttpConfiguration.ConnectionFactory.class).getHttpConfiguration();
+        httpConfiguration.setUriCompliance(UriCompliance.UNSAFE);
+
         /* create some content in the docroot */
         Path one = docRoot.resolve("one");
         FS.ensureDirExists(one);
@@ -2798,7 +2822,9 @@ public class ResourceHandlerTest
 
         /*
          * Intentionally bad request URI. Sending a non-encoded URI with typically
-         * encoded characters '<', '>', and '"'.
+         * encoded characters '<', '>', and '"', using the path-param feature of the
+         * URI spec to still produce a listing.  This path-param value should not make it
+         * down to the ResourceListing.getAsXHTML() method.
          */
         String req1 = """
             GET /context/;<script>window.alert("hi");</script> HTTP/1.1\r

jetty-core/jetty-server/src/test/resources/jetty-logging.properties

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# Jetty Logging using jetty-slf4j-impl
 #org.eclipse.jetty.LEVEL=DEBUG
 #org.eclipse.jetty.util.LEVEL=DEBUG
 #org.eclipse.jetty.io.LEVEL=DEBUG

jetty-core/jetty-tests/jetty-test-client-transports/pom.xml

@@ -16,22 +16,6 @@
     <maven.deploy.skip>true</maven.deploy.skip>
   </properties>
 
-  <build>
-    <pluginManagement>
-      <plugins>
-        <plugin>
-          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-          <configuration>
-            <systemPropertyVariables>
-              <org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport.H3.enable>${h3.test.enabled}</org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport.H3.enable>
-            </systemPropertyVariables>
-          </configuration>
-        </plugin>
-      </plugins>
-    </pluginManagement>
-  </build>
-
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>

jetty-core/jetty-tests/jetty-test-client-transports/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/test/client/transport/AbstractTest.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -67,30 +68,24 @@ public class AbstractTest
     protected HttpClient client;
     protected Path unixDomainPath;
 
-    private static EnumSet<Transport> allTransports()
+    public static Collection<Transport> transports()
     {
         EnumSet<Transport> transports = EnumSet.allOf(Transport.class);
-        // Disable H3 tests unless explicitly enabled with a system property.
-        if (!Boolean.getBoolean("org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport.H3.enable"))
+        if ("ci".equals(System.getProperty("env")))
             transports.remove(Transport.H3);
         return transports;
     }
 
-    public static List<Transport> transports()
+    public static Collection<Transport> transportsNoFCGI()
     {
-        return List.copyOf(allTransports());
-    }
-
-    public static List<Transport> transportsNoFCGI()
-    {
-        EnumSet<Transport> transports = allTransports();
+        Collection<Transport> transports = transports();
         transports.remove(Transport.FCGI);
-        return List.copyOf(transports);
+        return transports;
     }
 
-    public static List<Transport> transportsNoUnixDomain()
+    public static Collection<Transport> transportsNoUnixDomain()
     {
-        EnumSet<Transport> transports = allTransports();
+        Collection<Transport> transports = transports();
         transports.remove(Transport.UNIX_DOMAIN);
         return List.copyOf(transports);
     }

jetty-core/jetty-tests/jetty-test-client-transports/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/test/client/transport/Continue100Test.java

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-//
-// ========================================================================
-// Copyright (c) 1995-2022 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
-//
-// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
-// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
-// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
-// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
-// ========================================================================
-//
-
-package org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport;
-
-// TODO: write 100 Continue tests for Handler (not Servlet) functionality.
-public class Continue100Test
-{
-}

jetty-core/jetty-tests/jetty-test-client-transports/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/test/client/transport/HttpInterimResponseTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+//
+// ========================================================================
+// Copyright (c) 1995-2022 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+// ========================================================================
+//
+
+package org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentResponse;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.StringRequestContent;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.io.Content;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Handler;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Response;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class HttpInterimResponseTest extends AbstractTest
+{
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
+    public void testImplicit100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
+    {
+        start(transport, new Handler.Processor()
+        {
+            @Override
+            public void process(Request request, Response response, Callback callback) throws Exception
+            {
+                // Reading the request content immediately
+                // issues an implicit 100 Continue response.
+                Content.Source.consumeAll(request, callback);
+            }
+        });
+
+        ContentResponse response = client.newRequest(newURI(transport))
+            .headers(headers -> headers.put(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE))
+            .body(new StringRequestContent("request-content"))
+            .timeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+            .send();
+
+        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK_200, response.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
+    public void testMultipleDifferentInterimResponses(Transport transport) throws Exception
+    {
+        start(transport, new Handler.Processor()
+        {
+            @Override
+            public void process(Request request, Response response, Callback callback) throws Exception
+            {
+                CompletableFuture<Void> completable = response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100, HttpFields.EMPTY)
+                    .thenCompose(ignored -> Callback.Completable.with(c -> Content.Source.consumeAll(request, c)))
+                    .thenCompose(ignored ->
+                    {
+                        HttpFields.Mutable fields1 = HttpFields.build();
+                        fields1.put("Progress", "25%");
+                        return response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102, fields1);
+                    })
+                    .thenCompose(ignored ->
+                    {
+                        HttpFields.Mutable fields2 = HttpFields.build();
+                        fields2.put("Progress", "100%");
+                        return response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102, fields2);
+                    })
+                    .thenRun(() ->
+                    {
+                        response.setStatus(200);
+                        response.getHeaders().put("X-Header", "X-Value");
+                    })
+                    .thenCompose(ignored ->
+                    {
+                        HttpFields.Mutable hints = HttpFields.build();
+                        hints.put(HttpHeader.LINK, "</main.css>; rel=preload");
+                        return response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103, hints)
+                            .thenApply(i -> hints);
+                    })
+                    .thenCompose(hints1 ->
+                    {
+                        HttpFields.Mutable hints = HttpFields.build();
+                        hints.put(HttpHeader.LINK, "</style.css>; rel=preload");
+                        return response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103, hints)
+                            .thenApply(i -> HttpFields.build(hints1).add(hints));
+                    })
+                    .thenCompose(hints ->
+                    {
+                        response.getHeaders().put("X-Header-Foo", "Foo");
+                        response.getHeaders().add(hints);
+                        return Callback.Completable.with(c -> Content.Sink.write(response, true, "response-content", c));
+                    });
+                callback.completeWith(completable);
+            }
+        });
+
+        ContentResponse response = client.newRequest(newURI(transport))
+            .headers(headers -> headers.put(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE))
+            .body(new StringRequestContent("request-content"))
+            .timeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+            .send();
+
+        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK_200, response.getStatus());
+        assertEquals("X-Value", response.getHeaders().get("X-Header"));
+        assertEquals("Foo", response.getHeaders().get("X-Header-Foo"));
+        assertThat(response.getHeaders().getValuesList(HttpHeader.LINK), contains("</main.css>; rel=preload", "</style.css>; rel=preload"));
+        assertEquals("response-content", response.getContentAsString());
+    }
+}

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/Callback.java

@@ -477,6 +477,20 @@ public interface Callback extends Invocable
      */
     class Completable extends CompletableFuture<Void> implements Callback
     {
+        /**
+         * <p>Creates a new {@code Completable} to be consumed by the given
+         * {@code consumer}, then returns the newly created {@code Completable}.</p>
+         *
+         * @param consumer the code that consumes the newly created {@code Completable}
+         * @return the newly created {@code Completable}
+         */
+        public static Completable with(Consumer<Completable> consumer)
+        {
+            Completable completable = new Completable();
+            consumer.accept(completable);
+            return completable;
+        }
+
         /**
          * Creates a completable future given a callback.
          *

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/Promise.java

@@ -26,17 +26,6 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  */
 public interface Promise<C>
 {
-    default void completeWith(CompletableFuture<C> cf)
-    {
-        cf.whenComplete((c, x) ->
-        {
-            if (x == null)
-                succeeded(c);
-            else
-                failed(x);
-        });
-    }
-
     /**
      * <p>Callback invoked when the operation completes.</p>
      *
@@ -135,6 +124,21 @@ public interface Promise<C>
      */
     class Completable<S> extends CompletableFuture<S> implements Promise<S>
     {
+        /**
+         * <p>Creates a new {@code Completable} to be consumed by the given
+         * {@code consumer}, then returns the newly created {@code Completable}.</p>
+         *
+         * @param consumer the code that consumes the newly created {@code Completable}
+         * @return the newly created {@code Completable}
+         * @param <R> the type of the result
+         */
+        public static <R> Completable<R> with(Consumer<Promise<R>> consumer)
+        {
+            Completable<R> completable = new Completable<>();
+            consumer.accept(completable);
+            return completable;
+        }
+
         @Override
         public void succeeded(S result)
         {

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/resource/PathResource.java

@@ -48,79 +48,9 @@ public class PathResource extends Resource
         .build();
 
     private final Path path;
-    private final Path alias;
     private final URI uri;
-
-    private Path checkAliasPath()
-    {
-        Path abs = path;
-
-        // TODO: is this a valid shortcut?
-        // If the path doesn't exist, then there's no alias to reference
-        if (!Files.exists(path))
-            return null;
-
-        /* Catch situation where the Path class has already normalized
-         * the URI eg. input path "aa./foo.txt"
-         * from an #resolve(String) is normalized away during
-         * the creation of a Path object reference.
-         * If the URI is different from the Path.toUri() then
-         * we will just use the original URI to construct the
-         * alias reference Path.
-         *
-         * We use the method `toUri(Path)` here, instead of
-         * Path.toUri() to ensure that the path contains
-         * a trailing slash if it's a directory, (something
-         * not all FileSystems seem to support)
-         */
-        if (!URIUtil.equalsIgnoreEncodings(uri, toUri(path)))
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                // Use normalized path to get past navigational references like "/bar/../foo/test.txt"
-                Path ref = Paths.get(uri.normalize());
-                return ref.toRealPath();
-            }
-            catch (IOException ioe)
-            {
-                // If the toRealPath() call fails, then let
-                // the alias checking routines continue on
-                // to other techniques.
-                LOG.trace("IGNORED", ioe);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!abs.isAbsolute())
-            abs = path.toAbsolutePath();
-
-        // Any normalization difference means it's an alias,
-        // and we don't want to bother further to follow
-        // symlinks as it's an alias anyway.
-        Path normal = path.normalize();
-        if (!isSameName(abs, normal))
-            return normal;
-
-        try
-        {
-            if (Files.isSymbolicLink(path))
-                return path.getParent().resolve(Files.readSymbolicLink(path));
-            if (Files.exists(path))
-            {
-                Path real = abs.toRealPath();
-                if (!isSameName(abs, real))
-                    return real;
-            }
-        }
-        catch (IOException e)
-        {
-            LOG.trace("IGNORED", e);
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
-            LOG.warn("bad alias ({} {}) for {}", e.getClass().getName(), e.getMessage(), path);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
+    private boolean targetResolved = false;
+    private Path targetPath;
 
     /**
      * Test if the paths are the same name.
@@ -235,13 +165,12 @@ public class PathResource extends Resource
 
         this.path = path;
         this.uri = uri;
-        this.alias = checkAliasPath();
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean exists()
     {
-        return Files.exists(alias != null ? alias : path);
+        return Files.exists(targetPath != null ? targetPath : path);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -325,9 +254,87 @@ public class PathResource extends Resource
     }
 
     @Override
-    public URI getAlias()
+    public URI getTargetURI()
     {
-        return this.alias == null ? null : this.alias.toUri();
+        if (!targetResolved)
+        {
+            targetPath = resolveTargetPath();
+            targetResolved = true;
+        }
+        if (targetPath == null)
+            return null;
+        return targetPath.toUri();
+    }
+
+    private Path resolveTargetPath()
+    {
+        Path abs = path;
+
+        // TODO: is this a valid shortcut?
+        // If the path doesn't exist, then there's no alias to reference
+        if (!Files.exists(path))
+            return null;
+
+        /* Catch situation where the Path class has already normalized
+         * the URI eg. input path "aa./foo.txt"
+         * from an #resolve(String) is normalized away during
+         * the creation of a Path object reference.
+         * If the URI is different from the Path.toUri() then
+         * we will just use the original URI to construct the
+         * alias reference Path.
+         *
+         * We use the method `toUri(Path)` here, instead of
+         * Path.toUri() to ensure that the path contains
+         * a trailing slash if it's a directory, (something
+         * not all FileSystems seem to support)
+         */
+        if (!URIUtil.equalsIgnoreEncodings(uri, toUri(path)))
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Use normalized path to get past navigational references like "/bar/../foo/test.txt"
+                Path ref = Paths.get(uri.normalize());
+                return ref.toRealPath();
+            }
+            catch (IOException ioe)
+            {
+                // If the toRealPath() call fails, then let
+                // the alias checking routines continue on
+                // to other techniques.
+                LOG.trace("IGNORED", ioe);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!abs.isAbsolute())
+            abs = path.toAbsolutePath();
+
+        // Any normalization difference means it's an alias,
+        // and we don't want to bother further to follow
+        // symlinks as it's an alias anyway.
+        Path normal = path.normalize();
+        if (!isSameName(abs, normal))
+            return normal;
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (Files.isSymbolicLink(path))
+                return path.getParent().resolve(Files.readSymbolicLink(path));
+            if (Files.exists(path))
+            {
+                Path real = abs.toRealPath();
+                if (!isSameName(abs, real))
+                    return real;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (IOException e)
+        {
+            LOG.trace("IGNORED", e);
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            LOG.warn("bad alias ({} {}) for {}", e.getClass().getName(), e.getMessage(), path);
+        }
+        return null;
     }
 
     @Override

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/resource/Resource.java

@@ -325,15 +325,17 @@ public abstract class Resource implements Iterable<Resource>
      */
     public boolean isAlias()
     {
-        return getAlias() != null;
+        return getTargetURI() != null;
     }
 
     /**
-     * The canonical Alias for the Resource as a URI.
+     * If this Resource is an alias pointing to a different location,
+     * return the target location as URI.
      *
-     * @return The canonical Alias of this resource or null if none.
+     * @return The target URI location of this resource,
+     *      or null if there is no target URI location (eg: not an alias, or a symlink)
      */
-    public URI getAlias()
+    public URI getTargetURI()
     {
         return null;
     }

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/resource/ResourceCollection.java

@@ -285,7 +285,10 @@ public class ResourceCollection extends Resource
         List<Resource> result = new ArrayList<>();
         for (Resource r : _resources)
         {
-            result.addAll(r.list());
+            if (r.isDirectory())
+                result.addAll(r.list());
+            else
+                result.add(r);
         }
         return result;
     }

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/ssl/KeyStoreScanner.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 package org.eclipse.jetty.util.ssl;
 
+import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
@@ -53,11 +54,10 @@ public class KeyStoreScanner extends ContainerLifeCycle implements Scanner.Discr
         if (Files.isDirectory(monitoredFile))
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("expected keystore file not directory");
 
-        if (keystoreResource.getAlias() != null)
-        {
-            // this resource has an alias, use the alias, as that's what's returned in the Scanner
-            monitoredFile = Paths.get(keystoreResource.getAlias());
-        }
+        // Use real location of keystore (if different), so that change monitoring can work properly
+        URI targetURI = keystoreResource.getTargetURI();
+        if (targetURI != null)
+            monitoredFile = Paths.get(targetURI);
 
         keystoreFile = monitoredFile;
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/resource/FileSystemResourceTest.java

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         assertThat(FileSystemPool.INSTANCE.mounts(), empty());
     }
 
-    private Matcher<Resource> hasNoAlias()
+    private Matcher<Resource> hasNoTargetURI()
     {
         return new BaseMatcher<>()
         {
@@ -92,24 +92,24 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
             public boolean matches(Object item)
             {
                 final Resource res = (Resource)item;
-                return !res.isAlias();
+                return res.getTargetURI() == null;
             }
 
             @Override
             public void describeTo(Description description)
             {
-                description.appendText("getAlias should return null");
+                description.appendText("getTargetURI should return null");
             }
 
             @Override
             public void describeMismatch(Object item, Description description)
             {
-                description.appendText("was ").appendValue(((Resource)item).getAlias());
+                description.appendText("was ").appendValue(((Resource)item).getTargetURI());
             }
         };
     }
 
-    private Matcher<Resource> isAliasFor(final Resource resource)
+    private Matcher<Resource> isTargetFor(final Resource resource)
     {
         return new BaseMatcher<>()
         {
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
             public boolean matches(Object item)
             {
                 final Resource ritem = (Resource)item;
-                final URI alias = ritem.getAlias();
+                final URI alias = ritem.getTargetURI();
                 if (alias == null)
                 {
-                    return resource.getAlias() == null;
+                    return resource.getTargetURI() == null;
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -131,13 +131,13 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
             @Override
             public void describeTo(Description description)
             {
-                description.appendText("getAlias should return ").appendValue(resource.getURI());
+                description.appendText("getTargetURI should return ").appendValue(resource.getURI());
             }
 
             @Override
             public void describeMismatch(Object item, Description description)
             {
-                description.appendText("was ").appendValue(((Resource)item).getAlias());
+                description.appendText("was ").appendValue(((Resource)item).getTargetURI());
             }
         };
     }
@@ -583,13 +583,13 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         // Access to the same resource, but via a symlink means that they are not equivalent
         assertThat("foo.equals(bar)", resFoo.equals(resBar), is(false));
 
-        assertThat("resource.alias", resFoo, hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getURI()), hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getPath()), hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("resource.targetURI", resFoo, hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getURI()), hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getPath()), hasNoTargetURI());
 
-        assertThat("alias", resBar, isAliasFor(resFoo));
-        assertThat("uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getURI()), isAliasFor(resFoo));
-        assertThat("file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getPath()), isAliasFor(resFoo));
+        assertThat("targetURI", resBar, isTargetFor(resFoo));
+        assertThat("uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getURI()), isTargetFor(resFoo));
+        assertThat("file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getPath()), isTargetFor(resFoo));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -623,13 +623,13 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         // Access to the same resource, but via a symlink means that they are not equivalent
         assertThat("foo.equals(bar)", resFoo.equals(resBar), is(false));
 
-        assertThat("resource.alias", resFoo, hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getURI()), hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getPath()), hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("resource.targetURI", resFoo, hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getURI()), hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resFoo.getPath()), hasNoTargetURI());
 
-        assertThat("alias", resBar, isAliasFor(resFoo));
-        assertThat("uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getURI()), isAliasFor(resFoo));
-        assertThat("file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getPath()), isAliasFor(resFoo));
+        assertThat("targetURI", resBar, isTargetFor(resFoo));
+        assertThat("uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getURI()), isTargetFor(resFoo));
+        assertThat("file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resBar.getPath()), isTargetFor(resFoo));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -644,9 +644,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         // Reference to actual resource that exists
         Resource resource = base.resolve("file");
 
-        assertThat("resource.alias", resource, hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("resource.targetURI", resource, hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoTargetURI());
 
         // On some case insensitive file systems, lets see if an alternate
         // case for the filename results in an alias reference
@@ -654,9 +654,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         if (alias.exists())
         {
             // If it exists, it must be an alias
-            assertThat("alias", alias, isAliasFor(resource));
-            assertThat("alias.uri", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isAliasFor(resource));
-            assertThat("alias.file", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isAliasFor(resource));
+            assertThat("targetURI", alias, isTargetFor(resource));
+            assertThat("targetURI.uri", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isTargetFor(resource));
+            assertThat("targetURI.file", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isTargetFor(resource));
         }
     }
 
@@ -682,9 +682,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         // Long filename
         Resource resource = base.resolve("TextFile.Long.txt");
 
-        assertThat("resource.alias", resource, hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("resource.targetURI", resource, hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoTargetURI());
 
         // On some versions of Windows, the long filename can be referenced
         // via a short 8.3 equivalent filename.
@@ -692,9 +692,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         if (alias.exists())
         {
             // If it exists, it must be an alias
-            assertThat("alias", alias, isAliasFor(resource));
-            assertThat("alias.uri", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isAliasFor(resource));
-            assertThat("alias.file", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isAliasFor(resource));
+            assertThat("targetURI", alias, isTargetFor(resource));
+            assertThat("targetURI.uri", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isTargetFor(resource));
+            assertThat("targetURI.file", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isTargetFor(resource));
         }
     }
 
@@ -718,9 +718,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         Resource base = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(dir);
         Resource resource = base.resolve("testfile");
 
-        assertThat("resource.alias", resource, hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("resource.targetURI", resource, hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoTargetURI());
 
         try
         {
@@ -729,9 +729,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
             if (alias.exists())
             {
                 // If it exists, it must be an alias
-                assertThat("resource.alias", alias, isAliasFor(resource));
-                assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isAliasFor(resource));
-                assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isAliasFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.targetURI", alias, isTargetFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isTargetFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isTargetFor(resource));
             }
         }
         catch (InvalidPathException e)
@@ -760,9 +760,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         Resource base = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(dir);
         Resource resource = base.resolve("testfile");
 
-        assertThat("resource.alias", resource, hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("resource.targetURI", resource, hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoTargetURI());
 
         try
         {
@@ -773,9 +773,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
                 assumeTrue(alias.getURI().getScheme().equals("file"));
 
                 // If it exists, it must be an alias
-                assertThat("resource.alias", alias, isAliasFor(resource));
-                assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isAliasFor(resource));
-                assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isAliasFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.targetURI", alias, isTargetFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isTargetFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isTargetFor(resource));
             }
         }
         catch (InvalidPathException e)
@@ -804,9 +804,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         Resource base = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(dir);
         Resource resource = base.resolve("testfile");
 
-        assertThat("resource.alias", resource, hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoAlias());
-        assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("resource.targetURI", resource, hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getURI()), hasNoTargetURI());
+        assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(resource.getPath()), hasNoTargetURI());
 
         try
         {
@@ -815,9 +815,9 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
             if (alias.exists())
             {
                 // If it exists, it must be an alias
-                assertThat("resource.alias", alias, isAliasFor(resource));
-                assertThat("resource.uri.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isAliasFor(resource));
-                assertThat("resource.file.alias", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isAliasFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.targetURI", alias, isTargetFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.uri.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getURI()), isTargetFor(resource));
+                assertThat("resource.file.targetURI", ResourceFactory.root().newResource(alias.getPath()), isTargetFor(resource));
             }
         }
         catch (InvalidPathException e)
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
 
         Resource base = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(dir);
         Resource res = base.resolve("foo;");
-        assertThat("Alias: " + res, res, hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("Target URI: " + res, res, hasNoTargetURI());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1039,25 +1039,25 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
 
         Resource fileres = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(refQuoted);
         assertThat("Exists: " + refQuoted, fileres.exists(), is(true));
-        assertThat("Alias: " + refQuoted, fileres, hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("Target URI: " + refQuoted, fileres, hasNoTargetURI());
 
         URI refEncoded = dir.toUri().resolve("foo%27s.txt");
 
         fileres = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(refEncoded);
         assertThat("Exists: " + refEncoded, fileres.exists(), is(true));
-        assertThat("Alias: " + refEncoded, fileres, hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("Target URI: " + refEncoded, fileres, hasNoTargetURI());
 
         URI refQuoteSpace = dir.toUri().resolve("f%20o's.txt");
 
         fileres = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(refQuoteSpace);
         assertThat("Exists: " + refQuoteSpace, fileres.exists(), is(true));
-        assertThat("Alias: " + refQuoteSpace, fileres, hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("Target URI: " + refQuoteSpace, fileres, hasNoTargetURI());
 
         URI refEncodedSpace = dir.toUri().resolve("f%20o%27s.txt");
 
         fileres = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(refEncodedSpace);
         assertThat("Exists: " + refEncodedSpace, fileres.exists(), is(true));
-        assertThat("Alias: " + refEncodedSpace, fileres, hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("Target URI: " + refEncodedSpace, fileres, hasNoTargetURI());
 
         URI refA = dir.toUri().resolve("foo's.txt");
         URI refB = dir.toUri().resolve("foo%27s.txt");
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         try
         {
             assertThat("Exists: " + basePath, base.exists(), is(true));
-            assertThat("Alias: " + basePath, base, hasNoAlias());
+            assertThat("Target URI: " + basePath, base, hasNoTargetURI());
 
             Resource r = base.resolve("aa%5C/foo.txt");
             assertThat("getURI()", r.getPath().toString(), containsString("aa\\/foo.txt"));
@@ -1152,8 +1152,8 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
             if (org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.OS.WINDOWS.isCurrentOs())
             {
                 assertThat("isAlias()", r.isAlias(), is(true));
-                assertThat("getAlias()", r.getAlias(), notNullValue());
-                assertThat("getAlias()", r.getAlias().toASCIIString(), containsString("aa/foo.txt"));
+                assertThat("getTargetURI()", r.getTargetURI(), notNullValue());
+                assertThat("getTargetURI()", r.getTargetURI().toASCIIString(), containsString("aa/foo.txt"));
                 assertThat("Exists: " + r, r.exists(), is(true));
             }
             else
@@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         try
         {
             assertThat("Exists: " + basePath, base.exists(), is(true));
-            assertThat("Alias: " + basePath, base, hasNoAlias());
+            assertThat("Target URI: " + basePath, base, hasNoTargetURI());
 
             Resource r = base.resolve("aa./foo.txt");
             assertThat("getURI()", r.getURI().toASCIIString(), containsString("aa./foo.txt"));
@@ -1194,8 +1194,8 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
             if (OS.WINDOWS.isCurrentOs())
             {
                 assertThat("isAlias()", r.isAlias(), is(true));
-                assertThat("getAlias()", r.getAlias(), notNullValue());
-                assertThat("getAlias()", r.getAlias().toASCIIString(), containsString("aa/foo.txt"));
+                assertThat("getTargetURI()", r.getTargetURI(), notNullValue());
+                assertThat("getTargetURI()", r.getTargetURI().toASCIIString(), containsString("aa/foo.txt"));
                 assertThat("Exists: " + r, r.exists(), is(true));
             }
             else
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         try
         {
             assertThat("Exists: " + basePath, base.exists(), is(true));
-            assertThat("Alias: " + basePath, base, hasNoAlias());
+            assertThat("Target URI: " + basePath, base, hasNoTargetURI());
 
             Resource r = base.resolve("/foo.txt");
             assertThat("getURI()", r.getURI().toASCIIString(), containsString("/foo.txt"));
@@ -1256,13 +1256,13 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         try
         {
             assertThat("Exists: " + basePath, base.exists(), is(true));
-            assertThat("Alias: " + basePath, base, hasNoAlias());
+            assertThat("Target URI: " + basePath, base, hasNoTargetURI());
 
             Resource r = base.resolve("//foo.txt");
             assertThat("getURI()", r.getURI().toASCIIString(), containsString("/foo.txt"));
 
             assertThat("isAlias()", r.isAlias(), is(false));
-            assertThat("getAlias()", r.getAlias(), nullValue());
+            assertThat("getTargetURI()", r.getTargetURI(), nullValue());
         }
         catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
         {
@@ -1288,13 +1288,13 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         try
         {
             assertThat("Exists: " + basePath, base.exists(), is(true));
-            assertThat("Alias: " + basePath, base, hasNoAlias());
+            assertThat("Target URI: " + basePath, base, hasNoTargetURI());
 
             Resource r = base.resolve("aa//foo.txt");
             assertThat("getURI()", r.getURI().toASCIIString(), containsString("aa/foo.txt"));
 
             assertThat("isAlias()", r.isAlias(), is(false));
-            assertThat("getAlias()", r.getAlias(), nullValue());
+            assertThat("getTargetURI()", r.getTargetURI(), nullValue());
         }
         catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
         {
@@ -1342,11 +1342,11 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
 
         Resource base = ResourceFactory.root().newResource(utf8Dir);
         assertThat("Exists: " + utf8Dir, base.exists(), is(true));
-        assertThat("Alias: " + utf8Dir, base, hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("Target URI: " + utf8Dir, base, hasNoTargetURI());
 
         Resource r = base.resolve("file.txt");
         assertThat("Exists: " + r, r.exists(), is(true));
-        assertThat("Alias: " + r, r, hasNoAlias());
+        assertThat("Target URI: " + r, r, hasNoTargetURI());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ public class FileSystemResourceTest
         Resource resource = base.resolve("WEB-INF/");
         assertThat("getURI()", resource.getURI().toASCIIString(), containsString("path/WEB-INF/"));
         assertThat("isAlias()", resource.isAlias(), is(false));
-        assertThat("getAlias()", resource.getAlias(), nullValue());
+        assertThat("getTargetURI()", resource.getTargetURI(), nullValue());
     }
 
     private String toString(Resource resource) throws IOException

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/resource/PathResourceTest.java

@@ -303,37 +303,37 @@ public class PathResourceTest
             // Test not alias paths
             Resource resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file);
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file.toAbsolutePath());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file.toUri());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file.toUri().toString());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = archiveResource.resolve("test.txt");
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
 
             // Test alias paths
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0);
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0.toAbsolutePath());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0.toUri());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0.toUri().toString());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
 
             resource = archiveResource.resolve("test.txt\0");
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
         }
         catch (InvalidPathException e)
         {
@@ -402,9 +402,9 @@ public class PathResourceTest
             assertThat("resource.uri.alias", resourceFactory.newResource(resFoo.getURI()).isAlias(), is(false));
             assertThat("resource.file.alias", resourceFactory.newResource(resFoo.getPath()).isAlias(), is(false));
 
-            assertThat("alias", resBar.getAlias(), is(resFoo.getURI()));
-            assertThat("uri.alias", resourceFactory.newResource(resBar.getURI()).getAlias(), is(resFoo.getURI()));
-            assertThat("file.alias", resourceFactory.newResource(resBar.getPath()).getAlias(), is(resFoo.getURI()));
+            assertThat("targetURI", resBar.getTargetURI(), is(resFoo.getURI()));
+            assertThat("uri.targetURI", resourceFactory.newResource(resBar.getURI()).getTargetURI(), is(resFoo.getURI()));
+            assertThat("file.targetURI", resourceFactory.newResource(resBar.getPath()).getTargetURI(), is(resFoo.getURI()));
         }
         catch (InvalidPathException e)
         {

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/resource/ResourceAliasTest.java

@@ -132,37 +132,37 @@ public class ResourceAliasTest
             // Test not alias paths
             Resource resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file);
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file.toAbsolutePath());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file.toUri());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file.toUri().toString());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = dir.resolve("test.txt");
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNull(resource.getTargetURI());
 
             // Test alias paths
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0);
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0.toAbsolutePath());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0.toUri());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
             resource = resourceFactory.newResource(file0.toUri().toString());
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
 
             resource = dir.resolve("test.txt\0");
             assertTrue(resource.exists());
-            assertNotNull(resource.getAlias());
+            assertNotNull(resource.getTargetURI());
         }
         catch (InvalidPathException e)
         {

jetty-core/jetty-util/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/resource/ResourceTest.java

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ public class ResourceTest
         assertNotNull(dot);
         assertTrue(dot.exists());
         assertTrue(dot.isAlias(), "Reference to '.' is an alias to itself");
-        assertTrue(Files.isSameFile(dot.getPath(), Paths.get(dot.getAlias())));
+        assertTrue(Files.isSameFile(dot.getPath(), Paths.get(dot.getTargetURI())));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ public class ResourceTest
         assertNotNull(dot);
         assertTrue(dot.exists());
         assertTrue(dot.isAlias(), "Reference to '.' is an alias to itself");
-        assertTrue(Files.isSameFile(dot.getPath(), Paths.get(dot.getAlias())));
+        assertTrue(Files.isSameFile(dot.getPath(), Paths.get(dot.getTargetURI())));
     }
 
     @Test

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-annotations/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/annotations/AnnotationIntrospector.java

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.servlet.BaseHolder;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.servlet.Source.Origin;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.webapp.WebAppContext;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.webapp.WebDescriptor;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.AutoLock;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ public class AnnotationIntrospector
                 String descriptorLocation = holder.getSource().getResource();
                 if (descriptorLocation == null)
                     return true; //no descriptor, can't be metadata-complete
-                return !WebDescriptor.isMetaDataComplete(_context.getMetaData().getFragmentDescriptor(ResourceFactory.of(_context).newResource(descriptorLocation)));
+                return !WebDescriptor.isMetaDataComplete(_context.getMetaData().getFragmentDescriptor(_context.getResourceFactory().newResource(descriptorLocation)));
             }
         }
     }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-demos/jetty-ee10-demo-embedded/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/demos/ServerWithJNDI.java

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.webapp.WebAppContext;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 
 /**
  * ServerWithJNDI
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ public class ServerWithJNDI
         WebAppContext webapp = new WebAppContext();
         webapp.setContextPath("/");
         Path testJndiWar = JettyDemos.find("jetty-ee10-demo-jndi-webapp/target/jetty-ee10-demo-jndi-webapp-@VER@.war");
-        webapp.setWarResource(ResourceFactory.of(webapp).newResource(testJndiWar));
+        webapp.setWarResource(webapp.getResourceFactory().newResource(testJndiWar));
         server.setHandler(webapp);
 
         // Enable parsing of jndi-related parts of web.xml and jetty-env.xml

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-demos/jetty-ee10-demo-jetty-webapp/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/TestServer.java

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public class TestServer
         Path webappBase = webappProjectRoot.resolve("jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-demos/jetty-ee10-demo-jetty-webapp/src/main/webapp");
         if (!Files.exists(webappBase))
             throw new FileNotFoundException(webappBase.toString());
-        webapp.setBaseResource(ResourceFactory.of(server).newResource(webappBase));
+        webapp.setBaseResource(webapp.getResourceFactory().newResource(webappBase));
         webapp.setAttribute(MetaInfConfiguration.CONTAINER_JAR_PATTERN,
             ".*/test-jetty-webapp/target/classes.*$|" +
                 ".*/jakarta.servlet.api-[^/]*\\.jar$|.*/jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl-.*\\.jar$|.*/org.apache.taglibs.taglibs-standard.*\\.jar$"

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/AbstractUnassembledWebAppMojo.java

@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import org.apache.maven.artifact.Artifact;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoFailureException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Parameter;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 
 /**
  * Base class for all goals that operate on unassembled webapps.
@@ -104,18 +105,25 @@ public abstract class AbstractUnassembledWebAppMojo extends AbstractWebAppMojo
     }
     
     @Override
-    protected void configureWebApp() throws Exception
+    protected void configureWebApp() throws AbstractMojoExecutionException
     {
         super.configureWebApp();
-        configureUnassembledWebApp();
+        try
+        {
+            configureUnassembledWebApp();
+        }
+        catch (IOException e)
+        {
+            throw new MojoFailureException("Unable to configure unassembled webapp", e);
+        }
     }
     
     /**
      * Configure a webapp that has not been assembled into a war. 
      * 
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws IOException
      */
-    protected void configureUnassembledWebApp() throws Exception
+    protected void configureUnassembledWebApp() throws IOException
     {   
         //Set up the location of the webapp.
         //There are 2 parts to this: setWar() and setBaseResource(). On standalone jetty,
@@ -131,7 +139,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractUnassembledWebAppMojo extends AbstractWebAppMojo
                 //Use the default static resource location
                 if (!webAppSourceDirectory.exists())
                     webAppSourceDirectory.mkdirs();
-                originalBaseResource = ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(webAppSourceDirectory.getCanonicalPath());
+                originalBaseResource = webApp.getResourceFactory().newResource(webAppSourceDirectory.getCanonicalPath());
             }
             else
                 originalBaseResource = webApp.getBaseResource();
@@ -167,7 +175,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractUnassembledWebAppMojo extends AbstractWebAppMojo
             //Has an explicit web.xml file been configured to use?
             if (webXml != null)
             {
-                Resource r = ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(webXml.toPath());
+                Resource r = webApp.getResourceFactory().newResource(webXml.toPath());
                 if (r.exists() && !r.isDirectory())
                 {
                     webApp.setDescriptor(r.toString());

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/AbstractWebAppMojo.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.ArtifactRepository;
 import org.apache.maven.execution.MavenSession;
 import org.apache.maven.model.Dependency;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojo;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoFailureException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.descriptor.PluginDescriptor;
@@ -781,7 +782,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractWebAppMojo extends AbstractMojo
      * @throws Exception
      */
     protected void configureWebApp()
-        throws Exception
+        throws AbstractMojoExecutionException
     {
         if (webApp == null)
             webApp = new MavenWebAppContext();

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/JettyEffectiveWebXml.java

@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@
 package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.maven.plugin;
 
 import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
 
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoFailureException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Mojo;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Parameter;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.ResolutionScope;
@@ -36,21 +39,30 @@ public class JettyEffectiveWebXml extends AbstractUnassembledWebAppMojo
     protected File effectiveWebXml;
     
     @Override
-    public void configureWebApp() throws Exception
+    public void configureWebApp() throws AbstractMojoExecutionException
     {
         //Use a nominated war file for which to generate the effective web.xml, or
         //if that is not set, try to use the details of the current project's 
         //unassembled webapp
         super.configureWebApp();
-        if (StringUtil.isBlank(webApp.getWar()))
+        try
+        {
+            if (StringUtil.isBlank(webApp.getWar()))
+            {
             super.configureUnassembledWebApp();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (IOException e)
+        {
+            throw new MojoFailureException("Unable to configure unassembled webapp", e);
+        }
     }
     
     /**
      * Override so we can call the parent's method in a different order.
      */
     @Override
-    protected void configureUnassembledWebApp() throws Exception
+    protected void configureUnassembledWebApp()
     {
     }
 
@@ -76,7 +88,7 @@ public class JettyEffectiveWebXml extends AbstractUnassembledWebAppMojo
     {
         try
         {
-            QuickStartGenerator generator = new QuickStartGenerator(effectiveWebXml, webApp);
+            QuickStartGenerator generator = new QuickStartGenerator(effectiveWebXml.toPath(), webApp);
             generator.generate();
         }
         catch (Exception e)

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/JettyEmbedder.java

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.ShutdownMonitor;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 
 /**
  * JettyEmbedded
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ public class JettyEmbedder extends AbstractLifeCycle
         this.stopKey = stopKey;
     }
     
-    public void setWebApp(MavenWebAppContext app) throws Exception
+    public void setWebApp(MavenWebAppContext app)
     {
         webApp = app;
     }
@@ -280,7 +279,7 @@ public class JettyEmbedder extends AbstractLifeCycle
             Path qs = webApp.getTempDirectory().toPath().resolve("quickstart-web.xml");
             if (Files.exists(qs) && Files.isRegularFile(qs))
             {
-                webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(qs));
+                webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, qs);
                 webApp.addConfiguration(new MavenQuickStartConfiguration());
                 webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.MODE, Mode.QUICKSTART);
             }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/JettyForkedChild.java

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.maven.plugin;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -51,10 +50,10 @@ public class JettyForkedChild extends ContainerLifeCycle
 
     /**
      * @param args arguments that were passed to main
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws IOException if unable to configure
      */
     public JettyForkedChild(String[] args)
-        throws Exception
+        throws IOException
     {
         jetty = new JettyEmbedder();
         configure(args);
@@ -64,10 +63,10 @@ public class JettyForkedChild extends ContainerLifeCycle
      * Based on the args passed to the program, configure jetty.
      * 
      * @param args args that were passed to the program.
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws IOException if unable to load webprops
      */
     public void configure(String[] args)
-        throws Exception
+        throws IOException
     {
         Map<String, String> jettyProperties = new HashMap<>();
         
@@ -171,10 +170,9 @@ public class JettyForkedChild extends ContainerLifeCycle
      * present.
      * 
      * @return file contents as properties
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
      * @throws IOException
      */
-    private Properties loadWebAppProps() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
+    private Properties loadWebAppProps() throws IOException
     {
         Properties props = new Properties();
         if (Objects.nonNull(webAppPropsFile))

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/JettyForker.java

@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ public class JettyForker extends AbstractForker
         throws Exception
     {
         //Run the webapp to create the quickstart file and properties file
-        generator = new QuickStartGenerator(forkWebXml, webApp);
+        generator = new QuickStartGenerator(forkWebXml.toPath(), webApp);
         generator.setContextXml(contextXml);
-        generator.setWebAppPropsFile(webAppPropsFile);
+        generator.setWebAppProps(webAppPropsFile.toPath());
         generator.setServer(server);
         generator.generate();
 

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/JettyRunMojo.java

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.util.IncludeExcludeSet;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Scanner;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.LifeCycle;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.Scheduler;
 
 /**
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ public class JettyRunMojo extends AbstractUnassembledWebAppMojo
     {
         if (webApp.getDescriptor() != null)
         {
-            Resource r = ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(webApp.getDescriptor());
+            Resource r = webApp.getResourceFactory().newResource(webApp.getDescriptor());
             scanner.addFile(r.getPath());
         }
 

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/JettyRunWarMojo.java

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Execute;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.LifecyclePhase;
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ public class JettyRunWarMojo extends AbstractWebAppMojo
     protected Path war;
     
     @Override
-    public void configureWebApp() throws Exception
+    public void configureWebApp() throws AbstractMojoExecutionException
     {
         super.configureWebApp();
         //if no war has been explicitly configured, use the one from the webapp project

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/JettyStartWarMojo.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.maven.plugin;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Mojo;
 import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Parameter;
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ public class JettyStartWarMojo extends AbstractWebAppMojo
     protected JettyHomeForker homeForker;
 
     @Override
-    public void configureWebApp() throws Exception
+    public void configureWebApp() throws AbstractMojoExecutionException
     {
         super.configureWebApp();
         //if a war has not been explicitly configured, use the one from the project

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/MavenMetaInfConfiguration.java

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.webapp.MetaInfConfiguration;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.webapp.WebAppContext;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.FileID;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ public class MavenMetaInfConfiguration extends MetaInfConfiguration
                     try
                     {
                         LOG.debug(" add  resource to resources to examine {}", file);
-                        list.add(ResourceFactory.of(context).newResource(file.toURI()));
+                        list.add(context.getResourceFactory().newResource(file.toURI()));
                     }
                     catch (Exception e)
                     {
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ public class MavenMetaInfConfiguration extends MetaInfConfiguration
                 {
                     try
                     {
-                        list.add(ResourceFactory.of(context).newResource(file.toURI()));
+                        list.add(context.getResourceFactory().newResource(file.toURI()));
                     }
                     catch (Exception e)
                     {

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/MavenWebAppContext.java

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.util.StringUtil;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.URIUtil;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceCollection;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ public class MavenWebAppContext extends WebAppContext
      */
     private boolean _baseAppFirst = true;
 
-    public MavenWebAppContext() throws Exception
+    public MavenWebAppContext()
     {
         super();
         // Turn off copyWebInf option as it is not applicable for plugin.
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ public class MavenWebAppContext extends WebAppContext
                 .map(URI::create)
                 .toList();
 
-            setBaseResource(ResourceFactory.of(this).newResource(uris));
+            setBaseResource(this.getResourceFactory().newResource(uris));
         }
         catch (Throwable t)
         {
@@ -319,7 +318,7 @@ public class MavenWebAppContext extends WebAppContext
             for (Configuration c : configurations)
             {
                 if (c instanceof EnvConfiguration)
-                    ((EnvConfiguration)c).setJettyEnvResource(ResourceFactory.of(this).newResource(getJettyEnvXml()));
+                    ((EnvConfiguration)c).setJettyEnvResource(this.getResourceFactory().newResource(getJettyEnvXml()));
             }
         }
 
@@ -383,9 +382,9 @@ public class MavenWebAppContext extends WebAppContext
                     // return the resource matching the web-inf classes
                     // rather than the test classes
                     if (_classes != null)
-                        return ResourceFactory.of(this).newResource(_classes.toPath());
+                        return this.getResourceFactory().newResource(_classes.toPath());
                     else if (_testClasses != null)
-                        return ResourceFactory.of(this).newResource(_testClasses.toPath());
+                        return this.getResourceFactory().newResource(_testClasses.toPath());
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -395,7 +394,7 @@ public class MavenWebAppContext extends WebAppContext
                     while (res == null && (i < _webInfClasses.size()))
                     {
                         String newPath = StringUtil.replace(uri, WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX, _webInfClasses.get(i).getPath());
-                        res = ResourceFactory.of(this).newResource(newPath);
+                        res = this.getResourceFactory().newResource(newPath);
                         if (!res.exists())
                         {
                             res = null;
@@ -416,7 +415,7 @@ public class MavenWebAppContext extends WebAppContext
                     return null;
                 File jarFile = _webInfJarMap.get(jarName);
                 if (jarFile != null)
-                    return ResourceFactory.of(this).newResource(jarFile.getPath());
+                    return this.getResourceFactory().newResource(jarFile.getPath());
 
                 return null;
             }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/OverlayManager.java

@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ public class OverlayManager
         this.warPlugin = warPlugin;
     }
 
-    public void applyOverlays(MavenWebAppContext webApp)
-        throws Exception
+    public void applyOverlays(MavenWebAppContext webApp) throws IOException
     {
         List<Resource> resourceBases = new ArrayList<Resource>();
 
@@ -71,8 +70,7 @@ public class OverlayManager
      * Generate an ordered list of overlays
      */
     protected List<Overlay> getOverlays()
-        throws Exception
-    {        
+    {
         Set<Artifact> matchedWarArtifacts = new HashSet<Artifact>();
         List<Overlay> overlays = new ArrayList<Overlay>();
         
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ public class OverlayManager
      */
     protected  Resource unpackOverlay(Overlay overlay)
         throws IOException
-    {        
+    {
         if (overlay.getResource() == null)
             return null; //nothing to unpack
 

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/QuickStartGenerator.java

@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@
 
 package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.maven.plugin;
 
-import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.quickstart.QuickStartConfiguration;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.quickstart.QuickStartConfiguration.Mode;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool;
 
 /**
@@ -31,9 +30,9 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool;
  */
 public class QuickStartGenerator
 {
-    private File quickstartXml;
-    private MavenWebAppContext webApp;
-    private File webAppPropsFile;
+    private final Path quickstartXml;
+    private final MavenWebAppContext webApp;
+    private Path webAppProps;
     private String contextXml;
     private boolean prepared = false;
     private Server server;
@@ -43,10 +42,10 @@ public class QuickStartGenerator
      * @param quickstartXml the file to generate quickstart into
      * @param webApp the webapp for which to generate quickstart
      */
-    public QuickStartGenerator(File quickstartXml, MavenWebAppContext webApp)
+    public QuickStartGenerator(Path quickstartXml, MavenWebAppContext webApp)
     {
         this.quickstartXml = quickstartXml;
-        this.webApp = webApp;
+        this.webApp = webApp == null ? new MavenWebAppContext() : webApp;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ public class QuickStartGenerator
     /**
      * @return the quickstartXml
      */
-    public File getQuickstartXml()
+    public Path getQuickstartXml()
     {
         return quickstartXml;
     }
@@ -81,17 +80,17 @@ public class QuickStartGenerator
         this.server = server;
     }
 
-    public File getWebAppPropsFile()
+    public Path getWebAppProps()
     {
-        return webAppPropsFile;
+        return webAppProps;
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param webAppPropsFile properties file describing the webapp
+     * @param webAppProps properties file describing the webapp
      */
-    public void setWebAppPropsFile(File webAppPropsFile)
+    public void setWebAppProps(Path webAppProps)
     {
-        this.webAppPropsFile = webAppPropsFile;
+        this.webAppProps = webAppProps;
     }
     
     public String getContextXml()
@@ -109,19 +108,13 @@ public class QuickStartGenerator
     
     /**
      * Configure the webapp in preparation for quickstart generation.
-     * 
-     * @throws Exception
      */
     private void prepareWebApp()
-        throws Exception
     {
-        if (webApp == null)
-            webApp = new MavenWebAppContext();
-
         //set the webapp up to do very little other than generate the quickstart-web.xml
         webApp.addConfiguration(new MavenQuickStartConfiguration());
         webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.MODE, Mode.GENERATE);
-        webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(quickstartXml.toPath()));
+        webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, quickstartXml);
         webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.ORIGIN_ATTRIBUTE, "o");
         webApp.setCopyWebDir(false);
         webApp.setCopyWebInf(false);
@@ -133,8 +126,7 @@ public class QuickStartGenerator
      * 
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public void generate()
-        throws Exception
+    public void generate() throws Exception
     {
         if (quickstartXml == null)
             throw new IllegalStateException("No quickstart xml output file");
@@ -174,8 +166,8 @@ public class QuickStartGenerator
             webApp.start(); //just enough to generate the quickstart
 
             //save config of the webapp BEFORE we stop
-            if (webAppPropsFile != null)
-                WebAppPropertyConverter.toProperties(webApp, webAppPropsFile, contextXml);
+            if (webAppProps != null)
+                WebAppPropertyConverter.toProperties(webApp, webAppProps.toFile(), contextXml);
         }
         finally
         {

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/ServerSupport.java

@@ -54,9 +54,8 @@ public class ServerSupport
      * @param server the server to use
      * @param contextHandlers the context handlers to include
      * @param requestLog a request log to use
-     * @throws Exception
      */
-    public static void configureHandlers(Server server, List<ContextHandler> contextHandlers, RequestLog requestLog) throws Exception 
+    public static void configureHandlers(Server server, List<ContextHandler> contextHandlers, RequestLog requestLog)
     {
         if (server == null)
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Server is null");
@@ -148,9 +147,8 @@ public class ServerSupport
      * Add a WebAppContext to a Server
      * @param server the server to use
      * @param webapp the webapp to add
-     * @throws Exception
      */
-    public static void addWebApplication(Server server, WebAppContext webapp) throws Exception
+    public static void addWebApplication(Server server, WebAppContext webapp)
     {
         if (server == null)
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Server is null");

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/WebAppPropertyConverter.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.maven.plugin;
 
 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.util.StringUtil;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.URIUtil;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceCollection;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.xml.XmlConfiguration;
 
 /**
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ public class WebAppPropertyConverter
      * @param webApp the webapp to convert
      * @param propsFile the file to put the properties into
      * @param contextXml the optional context xml file related to the webApp
-     * @throws Exception if any I/O exception occurs
+     * @throws IOException if any I/O exception occurs
      */
     public static void toProperties(MavenWebAppContext webApp, File propsFile, String contextXml)
-        throws Exception
+        throws IOException
     {
         if (webApp == null)
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("No webapp");
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ public class WebAppPropertyConverter
         if (resource == null)
             throw new IllegalStateException("No resource");
 
-        fromProperties(webApp, ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(resource).getPath(), server, jettyProperties);
+        fromProperties(webApp, webApp.getResourceFactory().newResource(resource).getPath(), server, jettyProperties);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ public class WebAppPropertyConverter
         str = webAppProperties.getProperty(QUICKSTART_WEB_XML);
         if (!StringUtil.isBlank(str))
         {
-            webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(str));
+            webApp.setAttribute(QuickStartConfiguration.QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, webApp.getResourceFactory().newResource(str));
         }
 
         // - the tmp directory
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ public class WebAppPropertyConverter
             // This is a use provided list of overlays, which could have mountable entries.
             List<URI> uris = URIUtil.split(str);
             webApp.setWar(null);
-            webApp.setBaseResource(ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(uris));
+            webApp.setBaseResource(webApp.getResourceFactory().newResource(uris));
         }
 
         str = webAppProperties.getProperty(WAR_FILE);
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ public class WebAppPropertyConverter
         str = (String)webAppProperties.getProperty(CONTEXT_XML);
         if (!StringUtil.isBlank(str))
         {
-            XmlConfiguration xmlConfiguration = new XmlConfiguration(ResourceFactory.of(webApp).newResource(str));
+            XmlConfiguration xmlConfiguration = new XmlConfiguration(webApp.getResourceFactory().newResource(str));
             xmlConfiguration.getIdMap().put("Server", server);
             //add in any properties
             if (jettyProperties != null)

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/maven/plugin/TestQuickStartGenerator.java

@@ -13,12 +13,17 @@
 
 package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.maven.plugin;
 
-import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.test.MavenTestingUtils;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.test.jupiter.WorkDir;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 /**
@@ -27,24 +32,32 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
  */
 public class TestQuickStartGenerator
 {
+    public WorkDir workDir;
+
     @Test
     public void testGenerator() throws Exception
     {
+        Path tmpDir = workDir.getEmptyPathDir();
+
         MavenWebAppContext webApp = new MavenWebAppContext();
         webApp.setContextPath("/shouldbeoverridden");
-        webApp.setBaseResource(MavenTestingUtils.getTestResourcePathDir("root"));
-        File quickstartFile = new File(MavenTestingUtils.getTargetTestingDir(), "quickstart-web.xml");
+        Path rootDir = MavenTestingUtils.getTargetPath("test-classes/root");
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(rootDir));
+        assertTrue(Files.isDirectory(rootDir));
+        webApp.setBaseResource(ResourceFactory.root().newResource(rootDir));
+
+        Path quickstartFile = tmpDir.resolve("quickstart-web.xml");
         QuickStartGenerator generator = new QuickStartGenerator(quickstartFile, webApp);
-        generator.setContextXml(MavenTestingUtils.getTestResourceFile("embedder-context.xml").getAbsolutePath());
+        generator.setContextXml(MavenTestingUtils.getTargetFile("test-classes/embedder-context.xml").getAbsolutePath());
         generator.setServer(new Server());
-        MavenTestingUtils.getTargetTestingDir().mkdirs();
-        File propsFile = new File(MavenTestingUtils.getTargetTestingDir(), "webapp.props");
-        propsFile.createNewFile();
-        generator.setWebAppPropsFile(propsFile);
+
+        Path propsFile = tmpDir.resolve("webapp.props");
+        Files.createFile(propsFile);
+        generator.setWebAppProps(propsFile);
         generator.generate();
-        assertTrue(propsFile.exists());
-        assertTrue(propsFile.length() > 0);
-        assertTrue(quickstartFile.exists());
-        assertTrue(quickstartFile.length() > 0);
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(propsFile));
+        assertThat(Files.size(propsFile), greaterThan(0L));
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(quickstartFile));
+        assertThat(Files.size(quickstartFile), greaterThan(0L));
     }
 }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-plus/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/plus/webapp/PlusDescriptorProcessorTest.java

@@ -154,20 +154,20 @@ public class PlusDescriptorProcessorTest
         doEnvConfiguration(envCtx, vacuumStringEnvEntry);
 
         URL webXml = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("web.xml");
-        webDescriptor = new WebDescriptor(org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory.of(context).newResource(webXml));
+        webDescriptor = new WebDescriptor(context.getResourceFactory().newResource(webXml));
         webDescriptor.parse(WebDescriptor.getParser(false));
 
         URL frag1Xml = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("web-fragment-1.xml");
-        fragDescriptor1 = new FragmentDescriptor(org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory.of(context).newResource(frag1Xml));
+        fragDescriptor1 = new FragmentDescriptor(context.getResourceFactory().newResource(frag1Xml));
         fragDescriptor1.parse(WebDescriptor.getParser(false));
         URL frag2Xml = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("web-fragment-2.xml");
-        fragDescriptor2 = new FragmentDescriptor(org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory.of(context).newResource(frag2Xml));
+        fragDescriptor2 = new FragmentDescriptor(context.getResourceFactory().newResource(frag2Xml));
         fragDescriptor2.parse(WebDescriptor.getParser(false));
         URL frag3Xml = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("web-fragment-3.xml");
-        fragDescriptor3 = new FragmentDescriptor(org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory.of(context).newResource(frag3Xml));
+        fragDescriptor3 = new FragmentDescriptor(context.getResourceFactory().newResource(frag3Xml));
         fragDescriptor3.parse(WebDescriptor.getParser(false));
         URL frag4Xml = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("web-fragment-4.xml");
-        fragDescriptor4 = new FragmentDescriptor(org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory.of(context).newResource(frag4Xml));
+        fragDescriptor4 = new FragmentDescriptor(context.getResourceFactory().newResource(frag4Xml));
         fragDescriptor4.parse(WebDescriptor.getParser(false));
         Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(oldLoader);
     }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-proxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/proxy/ConnectHandlerSSLTest.java

@@ -181,15 +181,14 @@ public class ConnectHandlerSSLTest extends AbstractConnectHandlerTest
                 else
                 {
                     builder.append("\r\n");
-                    Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                    Content.Sink.write(response, false, builder.toString(), completable);
-                    completable.whenComplete((r, x) ->
-                    {
-                        if (x != null)
-                            callback.failed(x);
-                        else
-                            response.write(true, ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), callback);
-                    });
+                    Callback.Completable.with(c -> Content.Sink.write(response, false, builder.toString(), c))
+                        .whenComplete((r, x) ->
+                        {
+                            if (x != null)
+                                callback.failed(x);
+                            else
+                                response.write(true, ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), callback);
+                        });
                 }
             }
             else

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-proxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/proxy/ConnectHandlerTest.java

@@ -872,15 +872,14 @@ public class ConnectHandlerTest extends AbstractConnectHandlerTest
                     else
                     {
                         builder.append("\r\n");
-                        Callback.Completable completable = new Callback.Completable();
-                        Content.Sink.write(response, false, builder.toString(), completable);
-                        completable.whenComplete((r, x) ->
-                        {
-                            if (x != null)
-                                callback.failed(x);
-                            else
-                                response.write(true, ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), callback);
-                        });
+                        Callback.Completable.with(c -> Content.Sink.write(response, false, builder.toString(), c))
+                            .whenComplete((r, x) ->
+                            {
+                                if (x != null)
+                                    callback.failed(x);
+                                else
+                                    response.write(true, ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), callback);
+                            });
                     }
                 }
                 case "/close" ->

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-quickstart/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/quickstart/QuickStartConfiguration.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.quickstart;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -99,8 +100,9 @@ public class QuickStartConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
             throw new IllegalStateException("Bad Quickstart location");
 
         //look for quickstart-web.xml in WEB-INF of webapp
-        Resource quickStartWebXml = getQuickStartWebXml(context);
-        LOG.debug("quickStartWebXml={} exists={}", quickStartWebXml, quickStartWebXml.exists());
+        Path quickStartWebXml = getQuickStartWebXml(context);
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+            LOG.debug("quickStartWebXml={} exists={}", quickStartWebXml, Files.exists(quickStartWebXml));
 
         //Get the mode
         Object o = context.getAttribute(MODE);
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ public class QuickStartConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
         {
             case GENERATE:
             {
-                if (quickStartWebXml.exists())
+                if (Files.exists(quickStartWebXml))
                     LOG.info("Regenerating {}", quickStartWebXml);
                 else
                     LOG.info("Generating {}", quickStartWebXml);
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ public class QuickStartConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
             }
             case AUTO:
             {
-                if (quickStartWebXml.exists())
+                if (Files.exists(quickStartWebXml))
                 {
                     quickStart(context);
                 }
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ public class QuickStartConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
                 break;
             }
             case QUICKSTART:
-                if (quickStartWebXml.exists())
+                if (Files.exists(quickStartWebXml))
                     quickStart(context);
                 else
                     throw new IllegalStateException("No " + quickStartWebXml);
@@ -159,7 +161,8 @@ public class QuickStartConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
         if (attr != null)
             generator.setOriginAttribute(attr.toString());
 
-        generator.setQuickStartWebXml((Resource)context.getAttribute(QUICKSTART_WEB_XML));
+        Path quickStartWebXml = getQuickStartWebXml(context);
+        generator.setQuickStartWebXml(quickStartWebXml);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -181,7 +184,8 @@ public class QuickStartConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
             //add a decorator that will find introspectable annotations
             context.getObjectFactory().addDecorator(new AnnotationDecorator(context)); //this must be the last Decorator because they are run in reverse order!
 
-            LOG.debug("configured {}", this);
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+                LOG.debug("configured {}", this);
         }
     }
 
@@ -207,57 +211,97 @@ public class QuickStartConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
     protected void quickStart(WebAppContext context)
         throws Exception
     {
-        LOG.info("Quickstarting {}", context);
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+            LOG.info("Quickstarting {}", context);
         _quickStart = true;
         context.setConfigurations(context.getConfigurations().stream()
-            .filter(c -> !__replacedConfigurations.contains(c.replaces()) && !__replacedConfigurations.contains(c.getClass())).toList().toArray(new Configuration[]{}));
-        context.getMetaData().setWebDescriptor(new WebDescriptor((Resource)context.getAttribute(QUICKSTART_WEB_XML)));
+            .filter(c -> !__replacedConfigurations.contains(c.replaces()))
+            .filter(c -> !__replacedConfigurations.contains(c.getClass()))
+            .toArray(Configuration[]::new));
+        Path quickStartWebXml = getQuickStartWebXml(context);
+        if (!Files.exists(quickStartWebXml))
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Quickstart doesn't exist: " + quickStartWebXml);
+        Resource quickStartWebResource = context.getResourceFactory().newResource(quickStartWebXml);
+        context.getMetaData().setWebDescriptor(new WebDescriptor(quickStartWebResource));
         context.getContext().getServletContext().setEffectiveMajorVersion(context.getMetaData().getWebDescriptor().getMajorVersion());
         context.getContext().getServletContext().setEffectiveMinorVersion(context.getMetaData().getWebDescriptor().getMinorVersion());
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the quickstart-web.xml file as a Resource.
+     * Get the quickstart-web.xml Path from the webapp (from attributes if present, or built from the context's {@link WebAppContext#getWebInf()}).
      *
      * @param context the web app context
-     * @return the Resource for the quickstart-web.xml
-     * @throws Exception if unable to find the quickstart xml
+     * @return the Path for the quickstart-web.xml
+     * @throws IOException if unable to build the quickstart xml
      */
-    public Resource getQuickStartWebXml(WebAppContext context) throws Exception
+    public static Path getQuickStartWebXml(WebAppContext context) throws IOException
     {
         Object attr = context.getAttribute(QUICKSTART_WEB_XML);
-        if (attr instanceof Resource)
-            return (Resource)attr;
+        if (attr instanceof Path)
+            return (Path)attr;
 
-        Resource webInf = context.getWebInf();
-        if (webInf == null || !webInf.exists())
-        {
-            Files.createDirectories(context.getBaseResource().getPath().resolve("WEB-INF"));
-            webInf = context.getWebInf();
-        }
+        Path webInfDir = getWebInfPath(context);
+        Path qstartPath = webInfDir.resolve("quickstart-web.xml");
 
-        Resource qstart;
-        if (attr == null || StringUtil.isBlank(attr.toString()))
-        {
-            // TODO: should never return from WEB-INF/lib/foo.jar!/WEB-INF/quickstart-web.xml
-            // TODO: should also never return from a META-INF/versions/#/WEB-INF/quickstart-web.xml location
-            qstart = webInf.resolve("quickstart-web.xml");
-        }
-        else
+        if (attr != null && StringUtil.isNotBlank(attr.toString()))
         {
+            Resource resource;
+            String attrValue = attr.toString();
             try
             {
                 // Try a relative resolution
-                qstart = _resourceFactory.newResource(webInf.getPath().resolve(attr.toString()));
+                resource = context.getResourceFactory().newResource(webInfDir.resolve(attrValue));
             }
             catch (Throwable th)
             {
                 // try as a resource
-                qstart = _resourceFactory.newResource(attr.toString());
+                resource = context.getResourceFactory().newResource(attrValue);
+            }
+            if (resource != null)
+            {
+                Path attrPath = resource.getPath();
+                if (attrPath != null)
+                {
+                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+                        LOG.debug("Using quickstart attribute {} value of {}", attr, attrValue);
+                    qstartPath = attrPath;
+                }
             }
-            context.setAttribute(QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, qstart);
         }
-        context.setAttribute(QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, qstart);
-        return  qstart;
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+            LOG.debug("Using quickstart location: {}", qstartPath);
+        context.setAttribute(QUICKSTART_WEB_XML, qstartPath);
+        return qstartPath;
+    }
+
+    private static Path getWebInfPath(WebAppContext context) throws IOException
+    {
+        Path webInfDir = null;
+        Resource webInf = context.getWebInf();
+        if (webInf != null)
+        {
+            webInfDir = webInf.getPath();
+        }
+
+        if (webInfDir == null)
+        {
+            Path baseResourcePath = findFirstWritablePath(context);
+            webInfDir = baseResourcePath.resolve("WEB-INF");
+            if (!Files.exists(webInfDir))
+                Files.createDirectories(webInfDir);
+        }
+        return webInfDir;
+    }
+
+    private static Path findFirstWritablePath(WebAppContext context) throws IOException
+    {
+        for (Resource resource: context.getBaseResource())
+        {
+            Path path = resource.getPath();
+            if (path == null || !Files.isDirectory(path) || !Files.isWritable(path))
+                continue; // skip
+            return path;
+        }
+        throw new IOException("Unable to find writable path in Base Resources");
     }
 }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-quickstart/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/quickstart/QuickStartGeneratorConfiguration.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -56,7 +57,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.webapp.WebInfConfiguration;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.MimeTypes;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.QuotedStringTokenizer;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.StringUtil;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.security.Constraint;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.xml.XmlAppendable;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public class QuickStartGeneratorConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
     protected final boolean _abort;
     protected String _originAttribute;
     protected int _count;
-    protected Resource _quickStartWebXml;
+    protected Path _quickStartWebXml;
    
     public QuickStartGeneratorConfiguration()
     {
@@ -114,12 +114,12 @@ public class QuickStartGeneratorConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
         return _originAttribute;
     }
 
-    public Resource getQuickStartWebXml()
+    public Path getQuickStartWebXml()
     {
         return _quickStartWebXml;
     }
 
-    public void setQuickStartWebXml(Resource quickStartWebXml)
+    public void setQuickStartWebXml(Path quickStartWebXml)
     {
         _quickStartWebXml = quickStartWebXml;
     }
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ public class QuickStartGeneratorConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
     {
         MetaData metadata = context.getMetaData();
         metadata.resolve(context);
-        try (OutputStream os = Files.newOutputStream(_quickStartWebXml.getPath()))
+        try (OutputStream os = Files.newOutputStream(_quickStartWebXml))
         {
             generateQuickStartWebXml(context, os);
             LOG.info("Generated {}", _quickStartWebXml);

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-servlet/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/servlet/DefaultServlet.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
@@ -921,6 +922,12 @@ public class DefaultServlet extends HttpServlet
         {
             _response.reset();
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public CompletableFuture<Void> writeInterim(int status, HttpFields headers)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
     }
 
     private class ServletResourceService extends ResourceService implements ResourceService.WelcomeFactory

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-servlet/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/servlet/ServletChannel.java

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.servlet.ServletRequestState.Action;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.BadMessageException;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.io.Connection;
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Blocker;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.HostPort;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.IO;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.URIUtil;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@@ -66,19 +69,12 @@ public class ServletChannel implements Runnable
     private ServletContextRequest _request;
     private long _oldIdleTimeout;
     private Callback _callback;
-
+    private boolean _expects100Continue;
     // TODO:
     private final Listener _combinedListener = NOOP_LISTENER;
-
-    /**
-     * Bytes written after interception (eg after compression)
-     */
+    // Bytes written after interception (e.g. after compression).
     private long _written;
 
-    public ServletChannel()
-    {
-    }
-
     public void setCallback(Callback callback)
     {
         if (_callback != null)
@@ -94,10 +90,9 @@ public class ServletChannel implements Runnable
         _state = new ServletRequestState(this); // TODO can this be recycled?
         _endPoint = request.getConnectionMetaData().getConnection().getEndPoint();
         _connector = request.getConnectionMetaData().getConnector();
-
         // TODO: can we do this?
         _configuration = request.getConnectionMetaData().getHttpConfiguration();
-
+        _expects100Continue = request.getHeaders().contains(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE.asString());
         request.getHttpInput().init();
 
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
@@ -326,7 +321,23 @@ public class ServletChannel implements Runnable
      */
     public void continue100(int available) throws IOException
     {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        if (isExpecting100Continue())
+        {
+            _expects100Continue = false;
+            if (available == 0)
+            {
+                if (isCommitted())
+                    throw new IOException("Committed before 100 Continue");
+                try
+                {
+                    getResponse().writeInterim(HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100, HttpFields.EMPTY).get();
+                }
+                catch (Throwable x)
+                {
+                    throw IO.rethrow(x);
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     public void recycle()
@@ -712,7 +723,7 @@ public class ServletChannel implements Runnable
 
     public boolean isExpecting100Continue()
     {
-        return false;
+        return _expects100Continue;
     }
 
     public boolean isExpecting102Processing()

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-servlet/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/servlet/ServletContextHandler.java

@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ public class ServletContextHandler extends ContextHandler implements Graceful
         Resource baseResource = getBaseResource();
         if (baseResource != null && baseResource.isAlias())
             LOG.warn("BaseResource {} is aliased to {} in {}. May not be supported in future releases.",
-                baseResource, baseResource.getAlias(), this);
+                baseResource, baseResource.getTargetURI(), this);
 
         if (_logger == null)
             _logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ContextHandler.class.getName() + getLogNameSuffix());

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-servlet/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/servlet/ServletContextResponse.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
@@ -646,47 +647,22 @@ public class ServletContextResponse extends ContextResponse
         @Override
         public void sendError(int sc, String msg) throws IOException
         {
-            // TODO
             switch (sc)
             {
-                case -1:
-                {
-                    _servletChannel.abort(new IOException(msg));
-                    break;
-                }
-                case HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102:
-                {
-                    // TODO: should we check whether an Expect: 102 header is present?
-                    if (!isCommitted())
-                    {
-                        try (Blocker.Callback blocker = Blocker.callback())
-                        {
-                            _response.setStatus(HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102);
-                            _response.write(true, null, blocker);
-                            blocker.block();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-                case HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103:
+                case -1 -> _servletChannel.abort(new IOException(msg));
+                case HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102, HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103 ->
                 {
                     if (!isCommitted())
                     {
                         try (Blocker.Callback blocker = Blocker.callback())
                         {
-                            _response.setStatus(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103);
-                            _response.write(true, null, blocker);
+                            CompletableFuture<Void> completable = _response.writeInterim(sc, _response.getHeaders().asImmutable());
+                            blocker.completeWith(completable);
                             blocker.block();
                         }
                     }
-                    break;
-                }
-                default:
-                {
-                    // This is just a state change
-                    getState().sendError(sc, msg);
-                    break;
                 }
+                default -> getState().sendError(sc, msg);
             }
         }
 

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-servlet/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/servlet/security/authentication/DeferredAuthentication.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.servlet.security.authentication;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.servlet.security.Authentication;
@@ -194,5 +195,11 @@ public class DeferredAuthentication implements Authentication.Deferred
         public void reset()
         {
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public CompletableFuture<Void> writeInterim(int status, HttpFields headers)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
     };
 }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-tests/jetty-ee10-test-client-transports/pom.xml

@@ -17,19 +17,6 @@
     <maven.deploy.skip>true</maven.deploy.skip>
   </properties>
 
-  <build>
-    <plugins>
-      <plugin>
-        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-        <configuration>
-          <systemPropertyVariables>
-            <org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport.H3.enable>${h3.test.enabled}</org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport.H3.enable>
-          </systemPropertyVariables>
-        </configuration>
-      </plugin>
-    </plugins>
-  </build>
-
   <profiles>
     <profile>
       <id>enable-incubator-foreign</id>

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-tests/jetty-ee10-test-client-transports/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/test/client/transport/AbstractTest.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.test.client.transport;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -69,25 +70,19 @@ public class AbstractTest
     protected HttpClient client;
     protected Path unixDomainPath;
 
-    private static EnumSet<Transport> allTransports()
+    public static Collection<Transport> transports()
     {
         EnumSet<Transport> transports = EnumSet.allOf(Transport.class);
-        // Disable H3 tests unless explicitly enabled with a system property.
-        if (!Boolean.getBoolean("org.eclipse.jetty.test.client.transport.H3.enable"))
+        if ("ci".equals(System.getProperty("env")))
             transports.remove(Transport.H3);
         return transports;
     }
 
-    public static List<Transport> transports()
+    public static Collection<Transport> transportsNoFCGI()
     {
-        return List.copyOf(allTransports());
-    }
-
-    public static List<Transport> transportsNoFCGI()
-    {
-        EnumSet<Transport> transports = allTransports();
+        Collection<Transport> transports = transports();
         transports.remove(Transport.FCGI);
-        return List.copyOf(transports);
+        return transports;
     }
 
     @AfterEach

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-tests/jetty-ee10-test-client-transports/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/test/client/transport/HttpClientContinueTest.java

@@ -36,19 +36,21 @@ import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.ContinueProtocolHandler;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentResponse;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Result;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.AsyncRequestContent;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.BufferingResponseListener;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.BytesRequestContent;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.servlet.ServletContextRequest;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.FutureResponseListener;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpMethod;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpTester;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.IO;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
@@ -59,21 +61,18 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions.assumeTrue;
 
-// TODO: re-enable this test when 100 continue is implemented.
-@Disabled
 public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
 {
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithOneContentRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         testExpect100ContinueRespond100Continue(transport, "data1".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithMultipleContentsRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         testExpect100ContinueRespond100Continue(transport, "data1".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "data2".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "data3".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithChunkedContentRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         start(transport, new HttpServlet()
@@ -159,14 +158,14 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithContentRespond417ExpectationFailed(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         testExpect100ContinueWithContentRespondError(transport, 417);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithContentRespond413RequestEntityTooLarge(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         testExpect100ContinueWithContentRespondError(transport, 413);
@@ -209,7 +208,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithContentWithRedirect(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         String data = "success";
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testRedirectWithExpect100ContinueWithContent(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         // A request with Expect: 100-Continue cannot receive non-final responses like 3xx
@@ -304,7 +303,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithContentWithResponseFailureBefore100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         AtomicReference<org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request> clientRequestRef = new AtomicReference<>();
@@ -353,7 +352,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithContentWithResponseFailureAfter100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         AtomicReference<org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request> clientRequestRef = new AtomicReference<>();
@@ -403,7 +402,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithContentWithResponseFailureDuring100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         start(transport, new HttpServlet()
@@ -461,7 +460,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithDeferredContentRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         byte[] chunk1 = new byte[]{0, 1, 2, 3};
@@ -531,7 +530,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithInitialAndDeferredContentRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         AtomicReference<Thread> handlerThread = new AtomicReference<>();
@@ -581,7 +580,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithConcurrentDeferredContentRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         start(transport, new HttpServlet()
@@ -620,7 +619,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
+    @MethodSource("transportsNoFCGI")
     public void testExpect100ContinueWithInitialAndConcurrentDeferredContentRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
     {
         start(transport, new HttpServlet()
@@ -676,17 +675,14 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
         assertTrue(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
     }
 
-    @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
-    public void testExpect100ContinueWithTwoResponsesInOneRead(Transport transport) throws Exception
+    @Test
+    public void testExpect100ContinueWithTwoResponsesInOneRead() throws Exception
     {
-        assumeTrue(transport == Transport.HTTP || transport == Transport.HTTPS);
-
         // There is a chance that the server replies with the 100 Continue response
         // and immediately after with the "normal" response, say a 200 OK.
         // These may be read by the client in a single read, and must be handled correctly.
 
-        startClient(transport);
+        startClient(Transport.HTTP);
 
         try (ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket())
         {
@@ -705,7 +701,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
 
             try (Socket socket = server.accept())
             {
-                // Read the request headers.
+                // Read only the request headers.
                 readRequestHeaders(socket.getInputStream());
 
                 OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
@@ -737,49 +733,62 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
         }
     }
 
-    @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
-    // TODO: figure out a way to force the 100 continue response.
-    @Disabled
-    public void testNoExpectRespond100Continue(Transport transport) throws Exception
+    @Test
+    public void testNoExpectRespond100Continue() throws Exception
     {
-        start(transport, new HttpServlet()
-        {
-            @Override
-            protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException
-            {
-                ServletContextRequest jettyRequest = (ServletContextRequest)request;
-                // Force a 100 Continue response.
-                // TODO: figure out a way to force the 100 continue response.
-//                jettyRequest.getHttpChannel().sendResponse(HttpGenerator.CONTINUE_100_INFO, null, false);
-                // Echo the content.
-                IO.copy(request.getInputStream(), response.getOutputStream());
-            }
-        });
-
-        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
-        new Random().nextBytes(bytes);
-        ContentResponse response = client.newRequest(newURI(transport))
-            .body(new BytesRequestContent(bytes))
-            .timeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
-            .send();
-
-        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK_200, response.getStatus());
-        assertArrayEquals(bytes, response.getContent());
-    }
-
-    @ParameterizedTest
-    @MethodSource("transports")
-    public void testNoExpect100ContinueThenRedirectThen100ContinueThenResponse(Transport transport) throws Exception
-    {
-        assumeTrue(transport == Transport.HTTP || transport == Transport.HTTPS);
-
-        startClient(transport);
+        startClient(Transport.HTTP);
         client.setMaxConnectionsPerDestination(1);
 
         try (ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket())
         {
             server.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 0));
+            System.err.println("server listening on localhost:" + server.getLocalPort());
+
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
+            new Random().nextBytes(bytes);
+            Request clientRequest = client.newRequest("localhost", server.getLocalPort())
+                .body(new BytesRequestContent(bytes))
+                .timeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            FutureResponseListener listener = new FutureResponseListener(clientRequest);
+            clientRequest.send(listener);
+
+            try (Socket socket = server.accept())
+            {
+                InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
+                OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
+
+                HttpTester.Request serverRequest = HttpTester.parseRequest(input);
+                assertNotNull(serverRequest);
+                byte[] content = serverRequest.getContentBytes();
+
+                String serverResponse = """
+                    HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r
+                    \r
+                    HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r
+                    Content-Length: $L\r
+                    \r
+                    """.replace("$L", String.valueOf(content.length));
+                output.write(serverResponse.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                output.write(content);
+                output.flush();
+            }
+
+            ContentResponse response = listener.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK_200, response.getStatus());
+            assertArrayEquals(bytes, response.getContent());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoExpect100ContinueThen100ContinueThenRedirectThen100ContinueThenResponse() throws Exception
+    {
+        startClient(Transport.HTTP);
+        client.setMaxConnectionsPerDestination(1);
+
+        try (ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket())
+        {
+            server.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 0));
+            System.err.println("server listening on localhost:" + server.getLocalPort());
 
             // No Expect header, no content.
             CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
@@ -795,7 +804,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
                 InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
                 OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
 
-                readRequestHeaders(input);
+                HttpTester.parseRequest(input);
                 String response1 = """
                     HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r
                     \r
@@ -807,7 +816,7 @@ public class HttpClientContinueTest extends AbstractTest
                 output.write(response1.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                 output.flush();
 
-                readRequestHeaders(input);
+                HttpTester.parseRequest(input);
                 String response2 = """
                     HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r
                     \r

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-tests/jetty-ee10-test-client-transports/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/test/client/transport/InformationalResponseTest.java

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 package org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.test.client.transport;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
@@ -23,17 +21,10 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpConversation;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpExchange;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpRequest;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.client.ProtocolHandler;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Result;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.util.BufferingResponseListener;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
@@ -42,9 +33,6 @@ import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
-// TODO: these tests fail with "last already written" since in core Jetty
-//  we don't handle well writing 2 HTTP responses one after the other.
-@Disabled
 public class InformationalResponseTest extends AbstractTest
 {
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -65,50 +53,6 @@ public class InformationalResponseTest extends AbstractTest
         long idleTimeout = 10000;
         setStreamIdleTimeout(idleTimeout);
 
-        CountDownLatch processingLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        client.getProtocolHandlers().put(new ProtocolHandler()
-        {
-            @Override
-            public String getName()
-            {
-                return "Processing";
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public boolean accept(org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request request, Response response)
-            {
-                return response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102;
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public Response.Listener getResponseListener()
-            {
-                return new Response.Listener()
-                {
-                    @Override
-                    public void onSuccess(Response response)
-                    {
-                        processingLatch.countDown();
-                        var request = response.getRequest();
-                        HttpConversation conversation = ((HttpRequest)request).getConversation();
-                        // Reset the conversation listeners, since we are going to receive another response code
-                        conversation.updateResponseListeners(null);
-
-                        HttpExchange exchange = conversation.getExchanges().peekLast();
-                        if (exchange != null && response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.PROCESSING_102)
-                        {
-                            // All good, continue.
-                            exchange.resetResponse();
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            response.abort(new IllegalStateException("should not have accepted"));
-                        }
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-        });
-
         CountDownLatch completeLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         AtomicReference<Response> response = new AtomicReference<>();
         BufferingResponseListener listener = new BufferingResponseListener()
@@ -122,11 +66,9 @@ public class InformationalResponseTest extends AbstractTest
         };
         client.newRequest(newURI(transport))
             .method("GET")
-            .headers(headers -> headers.put(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.PROCESSING))
             .timeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
             .send(listener);
 
-        assertTrue(processingLatch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         assertTrue(completeLatch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         assertThat(response.get().getStatus(), is(200));
         assertThat(listener.getContentAsString(), is("OK"));
@@ -141,11 +83,11 @@ public class InformationalResponseTest extends AbstractTest
             @Override
             protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException
             {
-                response.setHeader("Hint", "one");
+                response.addHeader("Hint", "one");
                 response.sendError(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103);
-                response.setHeader("Hint", "two");
+                response.addHeader("Hint", "two");
                 response.sendError(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103);
-                response.setHeader("Hint", "three");
+                response.addHeader("Hint", "three");
                 response.setStatus(200);
                 response.getOutputStream().print("OK");
             }
@@ -153,50 +95,6 @@ public class InformationalResponseTest extends AbstractTest
         long idleTimeout = 10000;
         setStreamIdleTimeout(idleTimeout);
 
-        List<String> hints = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
-        client.getProtocolHandlers().put(new ProtocolHandler()
-        {
-            @Override
-            public String getName()
-            {
-                return "EarlyHint";
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public boolean accept(org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request request, Response response)
-            {
-                return response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103;
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public Response.Listener getResponseListener()
-            {
-                return new Response.Listener()
-                {
-                    @Override
-                    public void onSuccess(Response response)
-                    {
-                        var request = response.getRequest();
-                        HttpConversation conversation = ((HttpRequest)request).getConversation();
-                        // Reset the conversation listeners, since we are going to receive another response code
-                        conversation.updateResponseListeners(null);
-
-                        HttpExchange exchange = conversation.getExchanges().peekLast();
-                        if (exchange != null && response.getStatus() == HttpStatus.EARLY_HINT_103)
-                        {
-                            // All good, continue.
-                            hints.add(response.getHeaders().get("Hint"));
-                            exchange.resetResponse();
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            response.abort(new IllegalStateException("should not have accepted"));
-                        }
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-        });
-
         CountDownLatch complete = new CountDownLatch(1);
         AtomicReference<Response> response = new AtomicReference<>();
         BufferingResponseListener listener = new BufferingResponseListener()
@@ -204,7 +102,6 @@ public class InformationalResponseTest extends AbstractTest
             @Override
             public void onComplete(Result result)
             {
-                hints.add(result.getResponse().getHeaders().get("Hint"));
                 response.set(result.getResponse());
                 complete.countDown();
             }
@@ -217,6 +114,6 @@ public class InformationalResponseTest extends AbstractTest
         assertTrue(complete.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         assertThat(response.get().getStatus(), is(200));
         assertThat(listener.getContentAsString(), is("OK"));
-        assertThat(hints, contains("one", "two", "three"));
+        assertThat(response.get().getHeaders().getValuesList("Hint"), contains("one", "two", "three"));
     }
 }

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-tests/jetty-ee10-test-quickstart/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/quickstart/Quickstart.java

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.ee10.webapp.WebAppContext;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.xml.XmlConfiguration;
 
 public class Quickstart
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ public class Quickstart
         WebAppContext webapp = new WebAppContext();
         Resource contextXml = null;
         if (args.length > 1)
-            contextXml = ResourceFactory.of(webapp).newResource(args[1]);
+            contextXml = webapp.getResourceFactory().newResource(args[1]);
 
         Server server = new Server(8080);
 

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-webapp/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/webapp/WebAppContext.java

@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ public class WebAppContext extends ServletContextHandler implements WebAppClassL
     public void setExtraClasspath(String extraClasspath)
     {
         List<URI> uris = URIUtil.split(extraClasspath);
-        setExtraClasspath(ResourceFactory.of(this).newResource(uris));
+        setExtraClasspath(this.getResourceFactory().newResource(uris));
     }
 
     public void setExtraClasspath(ResourceCollection extraClasspath)

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-webapp/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/webapp/WebInfConfiguration.java

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
     public static final String TEMPORARY_RESOURCE_BASE = "org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.tmpResourceBase";
 
     protected Resource _preUnpackBaseResource;
-    private ResourceFactory.Closeable _resourceFactory;
 
     public WebInfConfiguration()
     {
@@ -93,9 +92,6 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
         if (tmpdirConfigured != null && !tmpdirConfigured)
             context.setTempDirectory(null);
 
-        IO.close(_resourceFactory);
-        _resourceFactory = null;
-
         //reset the base resource back to what it was before we did any unpacking of resources
         //TODO there is something wrong with the config of the resource base as this should never be null
         context.setBaseResource(_preUnpackBaseResource == null ? null : _preUnpackBaseResource);
@@ -282,7 +278,6 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
     public void unpack(WebAppContext context) throws IOException
     {
         Resource webApp = context.getBaseResource();
-        _resourceFactory = ResourceFactory.closeable();
         _preUnpackBaseResource = context.getBaseResource();
 
         if (webApp == null)
@@ -296,12 +291,13 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
             if (webApp == null)
                 throw new IllegalStateException("No resourceBase or war set for context");
 
-            // Accept aliases for WAR files
-            if (webApp.isAlias())
+            // Use real location (if different) for WAR file, so that change/modification monitoring can work.
+            URI targetURI = webApp.getTargetURI();
+            if (targetURI != null)
             {
                 if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
-                    LOG.debug("{} anti-aliased to {}", webApp, webApp.getAlias());
-                webApp = context.newResource(webApp.getAlias());
+                    LOG.debug("{} anti-aliased to {}", webApp, targetURI);
+                webApp = context.newResource(targetURI);
             }
 
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
@@ -317,7 +313,7 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
             if (webApp.exists() && !webApp.isDirectory() && !webApp.toString().startsWith("jar:"))
             {
                 // No - then lets see if it can be turned into a jar URL.
-                webApp = _resourceFactory.newJarFileResource(webApp.getURI());
+                webApp = context.getResourceFactory().newJarFileResource(webApp.getURI());
             }
 
             // If we should extract or the URL is still not usable
@@ -334,7 +330,7 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
                 if (war != null)
                 {
                     // look for a sibling like "foo/" to a "foo.war"
-                    Path warfile = _resourceFactory.newResource(war).getPath();
+                    Path warfile = context.getResourceFactory().newResource(war).getPath();
                     if (warfile != null && warfile.getFileName().toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH).endsWith(".war"))
                     {
                         Path sibling = warfile.getParent().resolve(warfile.getFileName().toString().substring(0, warfile.getFileName().toString().length() - 4));
@@ -397,7 +393,7 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                webApp = _resourceFactory.newResource(extractedWebAppDir.normalize());
+                webApp = context.getResourceFactory().newResource(extractedWebAppDir.normalize());
             }
 
             // Now do we have something usable?
@@ -450,7 +446,7 @@ public class WebInfConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
                 webInfClasses.copyTo(webInfClassesDir.toPath());
             }
 
-            webInf = _resourceFactory.newResource(extractedWebInfDir.getCanonicalPath());
+            webInf = context.getResourceFactory().newResource(extractedWebInfDir.getCanonicalPath());
 
             Resource rc = Resource.combine(webInf, webApp);
 

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-webapp/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/webapp/WebXmlConfiguration.java

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class WebXmlConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
         String defaultsDescriptor = context.getDefaultsDescriptor();
         if (defaultsDescriptor != null && defaultsDescriptor.length() > 0)
         {
-            Resource dftResource = ResourceFactory.of(context).newSystemResource(defaultsDescriptor);
+            Resource dftResource = context.getResourceFactory().newSystemResource(defaultsDescriptor);
             if (dftResource == null)
             {
                 String pkg = WebXmlConfiguration.class.getPackageName().replace(".", "/") + "/";
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public class WebXmlConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration
         {
             if (overrideDescriptor != null && overrideDescriptor.length() > 0)
             {
-                Resource orideResource = ResourceFactory.of(context).newSystemResource(overrideDescriptor);
+                Resource orideResource = context.getResourceFactory().newSystemResource(overrideDescriptor);
                 if (orideResource == null)
                     orideResource = context.newResource(overrideDescriptor);
                 context.getMetaData().addOverrideDescriptor(new OverrideDescriptor(orideResource));

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-webapp/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/webapp/WebAppClassLoaderTest.java

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.util.IO;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.LifeCycle;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.FileSystemPool;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.Resource;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ public class WebAppClassLoaderTest
 
         _testWebappDir = MavenTestingUtils.getProjectDirPath("src/test/webapp");
         _context = new WebAppContext();
-        Resource webapp = ResourceFactory.of(_context).newResource(_testWebappDir);
+        Resource webapp = _context.getResourceFactory().newResource(_testWebappDir);
         _context.setBaseResource(webapp);
         _context.setContextPath("/test");
         _context.setExtraClasspath("src/test/resources/ext/*");

jetty-ee10/jetty-ee10-websocket/jetty-ee10-websocket-jetty-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/ee10/websocket/tests/WebAppTester.java

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.test.JAR;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.test.MavenTestingUtils;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.TypeUtil;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.util.resource.ResourceFactory;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ public class WebAppTester extends ContainerLifeCycle
             // Configure the WebAppContext.
             _context = new WebAppContext();
             _context.setContextPath(contextPath);
-            _context.setBaseResource(ResourceFactory.of(_context).newResource(_contextDir).getPath());
+            _context.setBaseResource(_context.getResourceFactory().newResource(_contextDir).getPath());
 
             _context.setConfigurations(new Configuration[]
             {

jetty-ee8/test-ee8-sessions/test-ee8-infinispan-sessions/pom.xml

@@ -128,13 +128,6 @@
       <groupId>org.infinispan</groupId>
       <artifactId>infinispan-client-hotrod</artifactId>
       <scope>test</scope>
-      <exclusions>
-        <!-- this is depending on an old log4j version which have this issue https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LOG4J2-3241 -->
-        <exclusion>
-          <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
-          <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
-        </exclusion>
-      </exclusions>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.infinispan</groupId>