diff --git a/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/Callback.java b/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/Callback.java
index ca81bd4791f..75d9d7d42c5 100644
--- a/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/Callback.java
+++ b/jetty-util/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/util/Callback.java
@@ -210,6 +210,31 @@ public interface Callback extends Invocable
         };
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create a nested callback which always fails the nested callback on completion.
+     * @param callback The nested callback
+     * @param cause The cause to fail the nested callback, if the new callback is failed the reason
+     *             will be added to this cause as a suppressed exception.
+     * @return a new callback.
+     */
+    static Callback from(Callback callback, Throwable cause)
+    {
+        return new Callback()
+        {
+            @Override
+            public void succeeded()
+            {
+                callback.failed(cause);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void failed(Throwable x)
+            {
+                cause.addSuppressed(x);
+                callback.failed(cause);
+            }
+        };
+    }
 
     class Completing implements Callback
     {
diff --git a/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/FrameHandler.java b/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/FrameHandler.java
index ccb1136ee52..4859449f6be 100644
--- a/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/FrameHandler.java
+++ b/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/FrameHandler.java
@@ -66,8 +66,13 @@ public interface FrameHandler extends IncomingFrames
     /**
      * Async notification that Connection is being opened.
      * <p>
-     * FrameHandler can write during this call, but will not receive frames until
-     * the onOpen() completes.
+     * FrameHandler can write during this call, but can not receive frames until the callback is succeeded.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * If the FrameHandler succeeds the callback we transition to OPEN state and can now receive frames if
+     * not demanding, or can now call {@link CoreSession#demand(long)} to receive frames if demanding.
+     * If the FrameHandler fails the callback a close frame will be sent with {@link CloseStatus#SERVER_ERROR} and
+     *the connection will be closed. <br>
      * </p>
      *
      * @param coreSession the channel associated with this connection.
@@ -81,9 +86,8 @@ public interface FrameHandler extends IncomingFrames
      * sequentially to satisfy all outstanding demand signaled by calls to
      * {@link CoreSession#demand(long)}.
      * Control and Data frames are passed to this method.
-     * Control frames that require a response (eg PING and CLOSE) may be responded to by the
-     * the handler, but if an appropriate response is not sent once the callback is succeeded,
-     * then a response will be generated and sent.
+     * Close frames may be responded to by the handler, but if an appropriate close response is not
+     * sent once the callback is succeeded, then a response close will be generated and sent.
      *
      * @param frame    the raw frame
      * @param callback the callback to indicate success in processing frame (or failure)
@@ -93,7 +97,8 @@ public interface FrameHandler extends IncomingFrames
     /**
      * An error has occurred or been detected in websocket-core and being reported to FrameHandler.
      * A call to onError will be followed by a call to {@link #onClosed(CloseStatus, Callback)} giving the close status
-     * derived from the error.
+     * derived from the error. This will not be called more than once, {@link #onClosed(CloseStatus, Callback)}
+     * will be called on the callback completion.
      *
      * @param cause the reason for the error
      * @param callback the callback to indicate success in processing (or failure)
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ public interface FrameHandler extends IncomingFrames
      * <p>
      * The connection is now closed, no reading or writing is possible anymore.
      * Implementations of FrameHandler can cleanup their resources for this connection now.
+     * This method will be called only once.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param closeStatus the close status received from remote, or in the case of abnormal closure from local.
diff --git a/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/internal/WebSocketChannel.java b/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/internal/WebSocketChannel.java
index 1fb3412c725..066fc6ce36f 100644
--- a/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/internal/WebSocketChannel.java
+++ b/jetty-websocket/websocket-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/websocket/core/internal/WebSocketChannel.java
@@ -395,9 +395,11 @@ public class WebSocketChannel implements IncomingFrames, FrameHandler.CoreSessio
         CloseStatus closeStatus = abnormalCloseStatusFor(cause);
 
         if (closeStatus.getCode() == CloseStatus.PROTOCOL)
-            close(closeStatus, NOOP);
+            close(closeStatus, callback);
         else if (channelState.onClosed(closeStatus))
             closeConnection(cause, closeStatus, callback);
+        else
+            callback.failed(cause);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -428,7 +430,7 @@ public class WebSocketChannel implements IncomingFrames, FrameHandler.CoreSessio
         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
             LOG.debug("ConnectionState: Transition to CONNECTED");
 
-        Callback openCallback =  Callback.from(()->
+        Callback openCallback = Callback.from(()->
                 {
                     channelState.onOpen();
                     if (!demanding)
@@ -450,6 +452,11 @@ public class WebSocketChannel implements IncomingFrames, FrameHandler.CoreSessio
         catch (Throwable t)
         {
             openCallback.failed(t);
+
+            /* This is double handling of the exception but we need to do this because we have two separate
+            mechanisms for returning the CoreSession, onOpen and the CompletableFuture and both the onOpen callback
+            and the CompletableFuture require the exception. */
+            throw new RuntimeException(t);
         }
 
     }
@@ -481,9 +488,9 @@ public class WebSocketChannel implements IncomingFrames, FrameHandler.CoreSessio
         {
             assertValidIncoming(frame);
         }
-        catch (Throwable ex)
+        catch (Throwable t)
         {
-            callback.failed(ex);
+            callback.failed(t);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -497,9 +504,9 @@ public class WebSocketChannel implements IncomingFrames, FrameHandler.CoreSessio
         {
             assertValidOutgoing(frame);
         }
-        catch (Throwable ex)
+        catch (Throwable t)
         {
-            callback.failed(ex);
+            callback.failed(t);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -517,13 +524,7 @@ public class WebSocketChannel implements IncomingFrames, FrameHandler.CoreSessio
 
                     Callback closeConnectionCallback = Callback.from(
                             ()->closeConnection(cause, channelState.getCloseStatus(), callback),
-                            x->closeConnection(cause, channelState.getCloseStatus(), Callback.from(
-                                    ()-> callback.failed(x),
-                                    x2->
-                                    {
-                                        x.addSuppressed(x2);
-                                        callback.failed(x);
-                                    })));
+                            t->closeConnection(cause, channelState.getCloseStatus(), Callback.from(callback, t)));
 
                     flusher.queue.offer(new FrameEntry(frame, closeConnectionCallback, false));
                 }
@@ -534,24 +535,18 @@ public class WebSocketChannel implements IncomingFrames, FrameHandler.CoreSessio
             }
             flusher.iterate();
         }
-        catch (Throwable ex)
+        catch (Throwable t)
         {
             if (frame.getOpCode() == OpCode.CLOSE)
             {
                 CloseStatus closeStatus = CloseStatus.getCloseStatus(frame);
                 if (closeStatus instanceof AbnormalCloseStatus && channelState.onClosed(closeStatus))
-                    closeConnection(null, closeStatus, Callback.from(
-                            ()->callback.failed(ex),
-                            x2->
-                            {
-                                ex.addSuppressed(x2);
-                                callback.failed(ex);
-                            }));
+                    closeConnection(AbnormalCloseStatus.getCause(closeStatus), closeStatus, Callback.from(callback, t));
                 else
-                    callback.failed(ex);
+                    callback.failed(t);
             }
             else
-                callback.failed(ex);
+                callback.failed(t);
         }
     }