diff --git a/hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/bytecode/enhancement/refresh/RefreshTest.java b/hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/bytecode/enhancement/refresh/RefreshTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34e7524380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/bytecode/enhancement/refresh/RefreshTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+package org.hibernate.orm.test.bytecode.enhancement.refresh;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.hibernate.testing.TestForIssue;
+import org.hibernate.testing.bytecode.enhancement.BytecodeEnhancerRunner;
+import org.hibernate.testing.junit4.BaseCoreFunctionalTestCase;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.CascadeType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.FetchType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.persistence.IdClass;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.persistence.OneToMany;
+import jakarta.persistence.Table;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+@RunWith(BytecodeEnhancerRunner.class)
+@TestForIssue(jiraKey = "HHH-16423")
+public class RefreshTest extends BaseCoreFunctionalTestCase {
+
+	private static final String REALM_ID = "id";
+
+	@Override
+	protected Class[] getAnnotatedClasses() {
+		return new Class[] {
+				RealmEntity.class,
+				RealmAttributeEntity.class,
+				ComponentEntity.class,
+		};
+	}
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+		inTransaction(
+				session -> {
+					RealmEntity realm = new RealmEntity();
+					realm.setId( REALM_ID );
+					realm.setName( "realm" );
+					session.persist( realm );
+				}
+		);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRefresh() {
+		inTransaction(
+				session -> {
+					RealmEntity realm = session.find( RealmEntity.class, REALM_ID );
+
+					session.refresh( realm );
+
+					assertThat( realm.getComponents().size() ).isEqualTo( 0 );
+
+					session.remove( realm );
+				}
+		);
+	}
+
+	@Table(name = "REALM")
+	@Entity(name = "RealmEntity")
+	public static class RealmEntity {
+		@Id
+		@Column(name = "ID", length = 36)
+		protected String id;
+
+		@Column(name = "NAME", unique = true)
+		protected String name;
+
+		@OneToMany(cascade = { CascadeType.REMOVE }, orphanRemoval = true, mappedBy = "realm", fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
+		Collection<RealmAttributeEntity> attributes = new LinkedList<>();
+
+		@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, cascade = { CascadeType.ALL }, orphanRemoval = true, mappedBy = "realm")
+		Set<ComponentEntity> components = new HashSet<>();
+
+		public String getId() {
+			return id;
+		}
+
+		public void setId(String id) {
+			this.id = id;
+		}
+
+		public String getName() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+		public void setName(String name) {
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		public Collection<RealmAttributeEntity> getAttributes() {
+			if ( attributes == null ) {
+				attributes = new LinkedList<>();
+			}
+			return attributes;
+		}
+
+		public void setAttributes(Collection<RealmAttributeEntity> attributes) {
+			this.attributes = attributes;
+		}
+
+		public Set<ComponentEntity> getComponents() {
+			if ( components == null ) {
+				components = new HashSet<>();
+			}
+			return components;
+		}
+
+		public void setComponents(Set<ComponentEntity> components) {
+			this.components = components;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Entity(name = "ComponentEntity")
+	public static class ComponentEntity {
+
+		@Id
+		@Column(name = "ID", length = 36)
+		protected String id;
+
+		@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+		@JoinColumn(name = "REALM_ID")
+		protected RealmEntity realm;
+
+		@Column(name = "NAME")
+		protected String name;
+
+		public String getId() {
+			return id;
+		}
+
+		public void setId(String id) {
+			this.id = id;
+		}
+
+		public String getName() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+		public void setName(String name) {
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		public RealmEntity getRealm() {
+			return realm;
+		}
+
+		public void setRealm(RealmEntity realm) {
+			this.realm = realm;
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	@Table(name = "REALM_ATTRIBUTE")
+	@Entity(name = "RealmAttributeEntity")
+	@IdClass(Key.class)
+	public static class RealmAttributeEntity {
+
+		@Id
+		@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+		@JoinColumn(name = "REALM_ID")
+		protected RealmEntity realm;
+
+		@Id
+		@Column(name = "NAME")
+		protected String name;
+
+		@Column(name = "VALUE_COLUMN")
+		protected String value;
+
+		public String getName() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+		public void setName(String name) {
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		public String getValue() {
+			return value;
+		}
+
+		public void setValue(String value) {
+			this.value = value;
+		}
+
+		public RealmEntity getRealm() {
+			return realm;
+		}
+
+		public void setRealm(RealmEntity realm) {
+			this.realm = realm;
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public static class Key implements Serializable {
+
+		protected RealmEntity realm;
+
+		protected String name;
+
+		public Key() {
+		}
+
+		public Key(RealmEntity user, String name) {
+			this.realm = user;
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		public RealmEntity getRealm() {
+			return realm;
+		}
+
+		public String getName() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object o) {
+			if ( this == o ) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			if ( o == null || getClass() != o.getClass() ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			Key key = (Key) o;
+
+			if ( name != null ? !name.equals( key.name ) : key.name != null ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if ( realm != null ?
+					!realm.getId().equals( key.realm != null ? key.realm.getId() : null ) :
+					key.realm != null ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int hashCode() {
+			int result = realm != null ? realm.getId().hashCode() : 0;
+			result = 31 * result + ( name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0 );
+			return result;
+		}
+	}
+}