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documentation/manual/src/main/docbook/en-US/content/tutorial.xml
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@ -27,86 +27,120 @@
<!ENTITY mdash "-">
]>
<!-- todo : need searate sections, one for each tutorial -->
<chapter id="tutorial">
<title>Introduction to Hibernate</title>
<sect1 id="tutorial-intro" revision="1">
<sect1 id="tutorial-intro">
<title>Preface</title>
<para>
This chapter is an introductory tutorial for new users of Hibernate. We start
with a simple command line application using an in-memory database and develop
it in easy to understand steps.
</para>
<para>
This tutorial is intended for new users of Hibernate but requires Java and
SQL knowledge. It is based on a tutorial by Michael Gloegl, the third-party
libraries we name are for JDK 1.4 and 5.0. You might need others for JDK 1.3.
</para>
<para>
The source code for the tutorial is included in the distribution in the
<literal>doc/reference/tutorial/</literal> directory.
This chapter is an introduction to Hibernate by way of a tutorial,
intended for new users of Hibernate. We start with a simple
application using an in-memory database. We build the
application in small, easy to understand steps. The tutorial is
based on another, earlier one developed by Michael Gloegl. All
code is contained in the <filename>tutorials/web</filename> directory
of the project source.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="tutorial-firstapp" revision="2">
<important>
<para>
This tutorial expects the user have knowledge of both Java and
SQL. If you are new or uncomfortable with either, it is advised
that you start with a good introduction to that technology prior
to attempting to learn Hibernate. It will save time and effort
in the long run.
</para>
</important>
<note>
<para>
There is another tutorial/example application in the
<filename>/tutorials/eg</filename> directory of the project source.
That example is console based and as such would not have the
dependency on a servlet container to execute. The basic setup is
the same as the instructions below.
</para>
</note>
<sect1 id="tutorial-firstapp">
<title>Part 1 - The first Hibernate Application</title>
<para>
First, we'll create a simple console-based Hibernate application. We use an
Java database (HSQL DB), so we do not have to install any database server.
Let's assume we need a small database application that can store
events we want to attend, and information about the host(s) of
these events. We will use an in-memory, Java database named HSQLDB
to avoid describing installation/setup of any particular database
servers. Feel free to tweak this tutorial to use whatever database
you feel comfortable using.
</para>
<para>
The first thing we need to do is set up our development environment,
and specifically to setup all the required dependencies to Hibernate
as well as other libraries. Hibernate is built using Maven which
amongst other features provides <literal>dependecy management</literal>;
moreover it provides <emphasis>transitive</emphasis>
<literal>dependecy management</literal> which simply means that to use
Hibernate we can simply define our dependency on Hibernate, Hibernate
itself defines the dependencies it needs which then become transitive
dependencies of our project.
</para>
<para>
Let's assume we need a small database application that can store events we want to
attend, and information about the hosts of these events.
</para>
<para>
The first thing we do, is set up our development directory and put all the
Java libraries we need into it. Download the Hibernate distribution from the
Hibernate website. Extract the package and place all required libraries
found in <literal>/lib</literal> into into the <literal>/lib</literal> directory
of your new development working directory. It should look like this:
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[.
+lib
antlr.jar
cglib.jar
asm.jar
asm-attrs.jars
commons-collections.jar
commons-logging.jar
hibernate3.jar
jta.jar
dom4j.jar
log4j.jar ]]></programlisting>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<para>
This is the minimum set of required libraries (note that we also copied
hibernate3.jar, the main archive) for Hibernate <emphasis>at the time of writing</emphasis>.
The Hibernate release you are using might require more or less libraries. See the
<literal>README.txt</literal> file in the <literal>lib/</literal> directory of the
Hibernate distribution for more information about required and optional third-party
libraries. (Actually, Log4j is not required but preferred by many developers.)
</para>
...
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>${groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Because this is a web app, we also have a dependency on the servlet api. -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>]]></programlisting>
<note>
<para>
Essentially we are describing here the
<filename>/tutorials/web/pom.xml</filename> file. See the
<ulink url="http://maven.org">Maven</ulink> site for more information.
</para>
</note>
<tip>
<para>
While not strictly necessary, most IDEs have integration with Maven
to read these POM files and automatically set up a project for you
which can save lots of time and effort.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
Next we create a class that represents the event we want to store in database.
</para>
<sect2 id="tutorial-firstapp-firstclass" revision="1">
<sect2 id="tutorial-firstapp-firstclass">
<title>The first class</title>
<para>
Our first persistent class is a simple JavaBean class with some properties:
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[package events;
<programlisting><![CDATA[package org.hibernate.tutorial.domain;
import java.util.Date;
@ -188,7 +222,7 @@ public class Event {
</sect2>
<sect2 id="tutorial-firstapp-mapping" revision="1">
<sect2 id="tutorial-firstapp-mapping">
<title>The mapping file</title>
<para>