HHH-15766 Add query spec parenthesis also when order by is used within query group

hibernate-community-dialects/src/main/java/org/hibernate/community/dialect/OracleLegacySqlAstTranslator.java

@@ -335,8 +335,17 @@ public class OracleLegacySqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends Abstr
 	public void visitOffsetFetchClause(QueryPart queryPart) {
 		if ( !isRowNumberingCurrentQueryPart() ) {
 			if ( supportsOffsetFetchClause() ) {
+				if ( getQueryPartStack().depth() > 1 && queryPart.hasSortSpecifications()
+						&& getQueryPartStack().peek( 1 ) instanceof QueryGroup
+						&& ( queryPart.isRoot() && !hasLimit() || !queryPart.hasOffsetOrFetchClause() ) ) {
+					// If the current query part has a query group parent, no offset/fetch clause, but an order by clause,
+					// then we must render "offset 0 rows" as that is needed for the SQL to be valid
+					appendSql( " offset 0 rows" );
+				}
+				else {
 					renderOffsetFetchClause( queryPart, true );
 				}
+			}
 			else {
 				assertRowsOnlyFetchClauseType( queryPart );
 			}

hibernate-community-dialects/src/main/java/org/hibernate/community/dialect/SQLServerLegacySqlAstTranslator.java

@@ -323,6 +323,12 @@ public class SQLServerLegacySqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends Ab
 		else if ( offsetFetchClauseMode == OffsetFetchClauseMode.EMULATED ) {
 			renderTopClause( querySpec, isRowsOnlyFetchClauseType( querySpec ), true );
 		}
+		else if ( getQueryPartStack().depth() > 1 && querySpec.hasSortSpecifications()
+				&& getQueryPartStack().peek( 1 ) instanceof QueryGroup ) {
+			// If the current query spec has a query group parent, no offset/fetch clause, but an order by clause,
+			// then we must render "top 100 percent" as that is needed for the SQL to be valid
+			appendSql( "top 100 percent " );
+		}
 		super.visitSqlSelections( selectClause );
 	}
 

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/dialect/OracleSqlAstTranslator.java

@@ -339,8 +339,17 @@ public class OracleSqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends SqlAstTrans
 	public void visitOffsetFetchClause(QueryPart queryPart) {
 		if ( !isRowNumberingCurrentQueryPart() ) {
 			if ( supportsOffsetFetchClause() ) {
+				if ( getQueryPartStack().depth() > 1 && queryPart.hasSortSpecifications()
+						&& getQueryPartStack().peek( 1 ) instanceof QueryGroup
+						&& ( queryPart.isRoot() && !hasLimit() || !queryPart.hasOffsetOrFetchClause() ) ) {
+					// If the current query part has a query group parent, no offset/fetch clause, but an order by clause,
+					// then we must render "offset 0 rows" as that is needed for the SQL to be valid
+					appendSql( " offset 0 rows" );
+				}
+				else {
 					renderOffsetFetchClause( queryPart, true );
 				}
+			}
 			else {
 				assertRowsOnlyFetchClauseType( queryPart );
 			}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/dialect/SQLServerSqlAstTranslator.java

@@ -302,6 +302,12 @@ public class SQLServerSqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends SqlAstTr
 		else if ( offsetFetchClauseMode == OffsetFetchClauseMode.EMULATED ) {
 			renderTopClause( querySpec, isRowsOnlyFetchClauseType( querySpec ), true );
 		}
+		else if ( getQueryPartStack().depth() > 1 && querySpec.hasSortSpecifications()
+				&& getQueryPartStack().peek( 1 ) instanceof QueryGroup ) {
+			// If the current query spec has a query group parent, no offset/fetch clause, but an order by clause,
+			// then we must render "top 100 percent" as that is needed for the SQL to be valid
+			appendSql( "top 100 percent " );
+		}
 		super.visitSqlSelections( selectClause );
 	}
 

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/dialect/SybaseASESqlAstTranslator.java

@@ -146,9 +146,7 @@ public class SybaseASESqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends Abstract
 
 	@Override
 	protected void visitSqlSelections(SelectClause selectClause) {
-		if ( supportsTopClause() ) {
 		renderTopClause( (QuerySpec) getQueryPartStack().getCurrent(), true, false );
-		}
 		super.visitSqlSelections( selectClause );
 	}
 
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ public class SybaseASESqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends Abstract
 	public void visitOffsetFetchClause(QueryPart queryPart) {
 		assertRowsOnlyFetchClauseType( queryPart );
 		if ( !queryPart.isRoot() && queryPart.hasOffsetOrFetchClause() ) {
-			if ( queryPart.getFetchClauseExpression() != null && !supportsTopClause() || queryPart.getOffsetClauseExpression() != null ) {
+			if ( queryPart.getFetchClauseExpression() != null && queryPart.getOffsetClauseExpression() != null ) {
 				throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Can't emulate offset fetch clause in subquery" );
 			}
 		}
@@ -387,11 +385,6 @@ public class SybaseASESqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends Abstract
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	protected boolean needsMaxRows() {
-		return !supportsTopClause();
-	}
-
 	@Override
 	protected boolean supportsRowValueConstructorSyntax() {
 		return false;
@@ -412,10 +405,6 @@ public class SybaseASESqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> extends Abstract
 		return " from (select 1) dual(c1)";
 	}
 
-	private boolean supportsTopClause() {
-		return true;
-	}
-
 	private boolean supportsParameterOffsetFetchExpression() {
 		return false;
 	}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/internal/util/collections/Stack.java

@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ public interface Stack<T> {
 	 */
 	T getCurrent();
 
+	/**
+	 * The element at the given offset, relative to the top of the stack
+	 */
+	T peek(int offsetFromTop);
+
 	/**
 	 * The element currently at the bottom of the stack
 	 */

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/internal/util/collections/StandardStack.java

@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ public final class StandardStack<T> implements Stack<T> {
 		return elements[top - 1];
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public T peek(int offsetFromTop) {
+		if ( isEmpty() ) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return elements[top - offsetFromTop - 1];
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public T getRoot() {
 		if ( isEmpty() ) {

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/ast/spi/AbstractSqlAstTranslator.java

@@ -2992,9 +2992,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractSqlAstTranslator<T extends JdbcOperation> implemen
 			}
 			String queryGroupAlias = null;
 			if ( currentQueryPart instanceof QueryGroup ) {
-				// We always need query wrapping if we are in a query group and this query spec has a fetch clause
+				// We always need query wrapping if we are in a query group and this query spec has a fetch or order by
-				// because of order by precedence in SQL
+				// clause, because of order by precedence in SQL
-				if ( querySpec.hasOffsetOrFetchClause() ) {
+				if ( querySpec.hasOffsetOrFetchClause() || querySpec.hasSortSpecifications() ) {
 					queryGroupAlias = "";
 					// If the parent is a query group with a fetch clause we must use a select wrapper,
 					// or if the database does not support simple query grouping, we must use a select wrapper

hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/query/hql/HqlUnionTest.java

@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ package org.hibernate.orm.test.query.hql;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
+import org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseASEDialect;
+
 import org.hibernate.testing.TestForIssue;
 import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.DomainModel;
 import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.SessionFactory;
 import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.SessionFactoryScope;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.SkipForDialect;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
@@ -22,6 +25,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForClassTypes.assertThat;
 )
 @SessionFactory
 @TestForIssue(jiraKey = "HHH-15766")
+@SkipForDialect(dialectClass = SybaseASEDialect.class, reason = "Sybase ASE does not support order by in subqueries")
 public class HqlUnionTest {
 
 	@BeforeAll