* Added JpaCompliance for @OrderBy handling

* Added `NonTransientException` checked during MappingModelCreationProcess "post init callback" handling to indicate non-recoverable errors
* Redesigned `MappingModelCreationProcess#executePostInitCallbacks` to account for `NonTransientException`

design/logger_id_ranges.adoc

@@ -102,4 +102,8 @@
 |90005700
 |org.hibernate.envers.boot.EnversBootLogger
 
+|90005701
+|90005800
+|org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.MappingModelCreationLogger
+
 |===

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/SessionFactoryBuilder.java

@@ -728,6 +728,11 @@ public interface SessionFactoryBuilder {
 	 */
 	SessionFactoryBuilder enableJpaQueryCompliance(boolean enabled);
 
+	/**
+	 * @see JpaCompliance#isJpaQueryComplianceEnabled()
+	 */
+	SessionFactoryBuilder enableJpaOrderByMappingCompliance(boolean enabled);
+
 	/**
 	 * @see JpaCompliance#isJpaTransactionComplianceEnabled()
 	 */

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/internal/SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java

@@ -416,6 +416,12 @@ public class SessionFactoryBuilderImpl implements SessionFactoryBuilderImplement
 		return this;
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public SessionFactoryBuilder enableJpaOrderByMappingCompliance(boolean enabled) {
+		this.optionsBuilder.enableJpaOrderByMappingCompliance( enabled );
+		return this;
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public SessionFactoryBuilder enableJpaTransactionCompliance(boolean enabled) {
 		this.optionsBuilder.enableJpaTransactionCompliance( enabled );

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/internal/SessionFactoryOptionsBuilder.java

@@ -1478,6 +1478,14 @@ public class SessionFactoryOptionsBuilder implements SessionFactoryOptions {
 		mutableJpaCompliance().setCachingCompliance( enabled );
 	}
 
+	public void enableJpaOrderByMappingCompliance(boolean enabled) {
+		mutableJpaCompliance().setOrderByMappingCompliance( enabled );
+	}
+
+	public void enableGeneratorNameScopeCompliance(boolean enabled) {
+		mutableJpaCompliance().setGeneratorNameScopeCompliance( enabled );
+	}
+
 	public void disableRefreshDetachedEntity() {
 		this.allowRefreshDetachedEntity = false;
 	}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/spi/AbstractDelegatingSessionFactoryBuilder.java

@@ -394,6 +394,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractDelegatingSessionFactoryBuilder<T extends SessionF
 		return getThis();
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public SessionFactoryBuilder enableJpaOrderByMappingCompliance(boolean enabled) {
+		delegate.enableJpaOrderByMappingCompliance( enabled );
+		return getThis();
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public SessionFactoryBuilder enableJpaTransactionCompliance(boolean enabled) {
 		delegate.enableJpaTransactionCompliance( enabled );

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/AvailableSettings.java

@@ -2006,6 +2006,19 @@ public interface AvailableSettings extends org.hibernate.jpa.AvailableSettings {
 	 */
 	String JPA_LIST_COMPLIANCE	= "hibernate.jpa.compliance.list";
 
+	/**
+	 * Controls whether Hibernate should recognize what it considers a "bag"
+	 * ({@link org.hibernate.collection.internal.PersistentBag}) as a List
+	 * ({@link org.hibernate.collection.internal.PersistentList}) or as a bag.
+	 *
+	 * If enabled, we will recognize it as a List where {@link javax.persistence.OrderColumn}
+	 * is just missing (and its defaults will apply).
+	 *
+	 * @see JpaCompliance#isJpaOrderByMappingComplianceEnabled() ()
+	 * @since 6.0
+	 */
+	String JPA_ORDER_BY_MAPPING_COMPLIANCE	= "hibernate.jpa.compliance.orderby";
+
 	/**
 	 * JPA defines specific exceptions on specific methods when called on
 	 * {@link javax.persistence.EntityManager} and {@link javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/jpa/JpaComplianceViolation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
+ *
+ * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later
+ * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
+ */
+package org.hibernate.jpa;
+
+/**
+ * Contract for exceptions describing JPA compliance violations
+ *
+ * @author Steve Ebersole
+ */
+public interface JpaComplianceViolation {
+}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/jpa/internal/JpaComplianceImpl.java

@@ -12,22 +12,24 @@ import org.hibernate.jpa.spi.JpaCompliance;
  * @author Andrea Boriero
  */
 public class JpaComplianceImpl implements JpaCompliance {
-	private boolean queryCompliance;
+	private final boolean listCompliance;
-	private boolean transactionCompliance;
+	private final boolean orderByMappingCompliance;
-	private boolean listCompliance;
+	private final boolean proxyCompliance;
-	private boolean closedCompliance;
+	private final boolean globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
-	private boolean proxyCompliance;
+	private final boolean queryCompliance;
-	private boolean cachingCompliance;
+	private final boolean transactionCompliance;
-	private boolean globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
+	private final boolean closedCompliance;
+	private final boolean cachingCompliance;
 
 	private JpaComplianceImpl(
+			boolean listCompliance,
+			boolean orderByMappingCompliance,
+			boolean proxyCompliance,
+			boolean globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance,
 			boolean queryCompliance,
 			boolean transactionCompliance,
-			boolean listCompliance,
 			boolean closedCompliance,
-			boolean proxyCompliance,
+			boolean cachingCompliance) {
-			boolean cachingCompliance,
-			boolean globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance) {
 		this.queryCompliance = queryCompliance;
 		this.transactionCompliance = transactionCompliance;
 		this.listCompliance = listCompliance;
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ public class JpaComplianceImpl implements JpaCompliance {
 		this.proxyCompliance = proxyCompliance;
 		this.cachingCompliance = cachingCompliance;
 		this.globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance = globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
+		this.orderByMappingCompliance = orderByMappingCompliance;
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -72,18 +75,39 @@ public class JpaComplianceImpl implements JpaCompliance {
 		return globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaOrderByMappingComplianceEnabled() {
+		return orderByMappingCompliance;
+	}
+
 	public static class JpaComplianceBuilder {
 		private boolean queryCompliance;
-		private boolean transactionCompliance;
 		private boolean listCompliance;
-		private boolean closedCompliance;
+		private boolean orderByMappingCompliance;
 		private boolean proxyCompliance;
-		private boolean cachingCompliance;
 		private boolean globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
+		private boolean cachingCompliance;
+		private boolean transactionCompliance;
+		private boolean closedCompliance;
 
 		public JpaComplianceBuilder() {
 		}
 
+		public JpaComplianceBuilder setListCompliance(boolean listCompliance) {
+			this.listCompliance = listCompliance;
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		public JpaComplianceBuilder setOrderByMappingCompliance(boolean orderByMappingCompliance) {
+			this.orderByMappingCompliance = orderByMappingCompliance;
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		public JpaComplianceBuilder setProxyCompliance(boolean proxyCompliance) {
+			this.proxyCompliance = proxyCompliance;
+			return this;
+		}
+
 		public JpaComplianceBuilder setQueryCompliance(boolean queryCompliance) {
 			this.queryCompliance = queryCompliance;
 			return this;
@@ -94,21 +118,11 @@ public class JpaComplianceImpl implements JpaCompliance {
 			return this;
 		}
 
-		public JpaComplianceBuilder setListCompliance(boolean listCompliance) {
-			this.listCompliance = listCompliance;
-			return this;
-		}
-
 		public JpaComplianceBuilder setClosedCompliance(boolean closedCompliance) {
 			this.closedCompliance = closedCompliance;
 			return this;
 		}
 
-		public JpaComplianceBuilder setProxyCompliance(boolean proxyCompliance) {
-			this.proxyCompliance = proxyCompliance;
-			return this;
-		}
-
 		public JpaComplianceBuilder setCachingCompliance(boolean cachingCompliance) {
 			this.cachingCompliance = cachingCompliance;
 			return this;
@@ -121,13 +135,14 @@ public class JpaComplianceImpl implements JpaCompliance {
 
 		JpaCompliance createJpaCompliance() {
 			return new JpaComplianceImpl(
+					listCompliance,
+					orderByMappingCompliance,
+					proxyCompliance,
+					globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance,
 					queryCompliance,
 					transactionCompliance,
-					listCompliance,
 					closedCompliance,
-					proxyCompliance,
+					cachingCompliance
-					cachingCompliance,
-					globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance
 			);
 		}
 	}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/jpa/internal/MutableJpaComplianceImpl.java

@@ -17,50 +17,60 @@ import org.hibernate.jpa.spi.MutableJpaCompliance;
  * @author Steve Ebersole
  */
 public class MutableJpaComplianceImpl implements MutableJpaCompliance {
+	private boolean listCompliance;
+	private boolean orderByMappingCompliance;
+	private boolean proxyCompliance;
+	private boolean generatorNameScopeCompliance;
 	private boolean queryCompliance;
 	private boolean transactionCompliance;
-	private boolean listCompliance;
 	private boolean closedCompliance;
-	private boolean proxyCompliance;
 	private boolean cachingCompliance;
-	private final boolean globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")
 	public MutableJpaComplianceImpl(Map configurationSettings, boolean jpaByDefault) {
 		final Object legacyQueryCompliance = configurationSettings.get( AvailableSettings.JPAQL_STRICT_COMPLIANCE );
 
-		queryCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
-				AvailableSettings.JPA_QUERY_COMPLIANCE,
-				configurationSettings,
-				ConfigurationHelper.toBoolean( legacyQueryCompliance, jpaByDefault )
-		);
-		transactionCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
-				AvailableSettings.JPA_TRANSACTION_COMPLIANCE,
-				configurationSettings,
-				jpaByDefault
-		);
 		listCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
 				AvailableSettings.JPA_LIST_COMPLIANCE,
 				configurationSettings,
 				jpaByDefault
 		);
-		closedCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
-				AvailableSettings.JPA_CLOSED_COMPLIANCE,
-				configurationSettings,
-				jpaByDefault
-		);
 		proxyCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
 				AvailableSettings.JPA_PROXY_COMPLIANCE,
 				configurationSettings,
 				jpaByDefault
 		);
-		cachingCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
+		generatorNameScopeCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
-				AvailableSettings.JPA_CACHING_COMPLIANCE,
+				AvailableSettings.JPA_ID_GENERATOR_GLOBAL_SCOPE_COMPLIANCE,
 				configurationSettings,
 				jpaByDefault
 		);
-		globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
+		orderByMappingCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
-				AvailableSettings.JPA_ID_GENERATOR_GLOBAL_SCOPE_COMPLIANCE,
+				AvailableSettings.JPA_ORDER_BY_MAPPING_COMPLIANCE,
+				configurationSettings,
+				jpaByDefault
+		);
+
+		queryCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
+				AvailableSettings.JPA_QUERY_COMPLIANCE,
+				configurationSettings,
+				ConfigurationHelper.toBoolean( legacyQueryCompliance, jpaByDefault )
+		);
+
+		transactionCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
+				AvailableSettings.JPA_TRANSACTION_COMPLIANCE,
+				configurationSettings,
+				jpaByDefault
+		);
+
+		closedCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
+				AvailableSettings.JPA_CLOSED_COMPLIANCE,
+				configurationSettings,
+				jpaByDefault
+		);
+
+		cachingCompliance = ConfigurationHelper.getBoolean(
+				AvailableSettings.JPA_CACHING_COMPLIANCE,
 				configurationSettings,
 				jpaByDefault
 		);
@@ -98,46 +108,69 @@ public class MutableJpaComplianceImpl implements MutableJpaCompliance {
 
 	@Override
 	public boolean isGlobalGeneratorScopeEnabled() {
-		return globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
+		return generatorNameScopeCompliance;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaOrderByMappingComplianceEnabled() {
+		return orderByMappingCompliance;
 	}
 
 	// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 	// Mutators
 
-	public void setQueryCompliance(boolean queryCompliance) {
+	@Override
-		this.queryCompliance = queryCompliance;
-	}
-
-	public void setTransactionCompliance(boolean transactionCompliance) {
-		this.transactionCompliance = transactionCompliance;
-	}
-
 	public void setListCompliance(boolean listCompliance) {
 		this.listCompliance = listCompliance;
 	}
 
-	public void setClosedCompliance(boolean closedCompliance) {
+	@Override
-		this.closedCompliance = closedCompliance;
+	public void setOrderByMappingCompliance(boolean orderByMappingCompliance) {
+		this.orderByMappingCompliance = orderByMappingCompliance;
 	}
 
+	@Override
 	public void setProxyCompliance(boolean proxyCompliance) {
 		this.proxyCompliance = proxyCompliance;
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public void setGeneratorNameScopeCompliance(boolean enabled) {
+		this.generatorNameScopeCompliance = enabled;
+	}
+
+	public void setQueryCompliance(boolean queryCompliance) {
+		this.queryCompliance = queryCompliance;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setTransactionCompliance(boolean transactionCompliance) {
+		this.transactionCompliance = transactionCompliance;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setClosedCompliance(boolean closedCompliance) {
+		this.closedCompliance = closedCompliance;
+	}
+
+	@Override
 	public void setCachingCompliance(boolean cachingCompliance) {
 		this.cachingCompliance = cachingCompliance;
 	}
 
+
+
 	@Override
 	public JpaCompliance immutableCopy() {
 		JpaComplianceImpl.JpaComplianceBuilder builder = new JpaComplianceImpl.JpaComplianceBuilder();
-		builder.setQueryCompliance( queryCompliance )
+		builder = builder.setListCompliance( listCompliance )
-				.setTransactionCompliance( transactionCompliance )
-				.setListCompliance( listCompliance )
-				.setClosedCompliance( closedCompliance )
 				.setProxyCompliance( proxyCompliance )
-				.setCachingCompliance( cachingCompliance )
+				.setOrderByMappingCompliance( orderByMappingCompliance )
-				.setGlobalGeneratorNameCompliance( globalGeneratorNameScopeCompliance );
+				.setGlobalGeneratorNameCompliance( generatorNameScopeCompliance )
+				.setQueryCompliance( queryCompliance )
+				.setTransactionCompliance( transactionCompliance )
+				.setClosedCompliance( closedCompliance )
+				.setCachingCompliance( cachingCompliance );
 		return builder.createJpaCompliance();
 	}
 }

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/jpa/spi/JpaCompliance.java

@@ -97,4 +97,12 @@ public interface JpaCompliance {
 	 * @return {@code true} indicates the generator name scope is considered global.
 	 */
 	boolean isGlobalGeneratorScopeEnabled();
+
+	/**
+	 * Should we strictly handle {@link javax.persistence.OrderBy} expressions?
+	 *
+	 * JPA says the order-items can only be attribute references whereas Hibernate supports a wide range of items.  With
+	 * this enabled, Hibernate will throw a compliance error when a non-attribute-reference is used.
+	 */
+	boolean isJpaOrderByMappingComplianceEnabled();
 }

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/jpa/spi/MutableJpaCompliance.java

@@ -10,17 +10,21 @@ package org.hibernate.jpa.spi;
  * @author Steve Ebersole
  */
 public interface MutableJpaCompliance extends JpaCompliance {
+	void setListCompliance(boolean listCompliance);
+
+	void setOrderByMappingCompliance(boolean orderByCompliance);
+
+	void setProxyCompliance(boolean proxyCompliance);
+
 	void setQueryCompliance(boolean queryCompliance);
 
 	void setTransactionCompliance(boolean transactionCompliance);
 
-	void setListCompliance(boolean listCompliance);
-
 	void setClosedCompliance(boolean closedCompliance);
 
-	void setProxyCompliance(boolean proxyCompliance);
-
 	void setCachingCompliance(boolean cachingCompliance);
 
+	void setGeneratorNameScopeCompliance(boolean generatorScopeCompliance);
+
 	JpaCompliance immutableCopy();
 }

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/MappingModelCreationLogger.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
+ *
+ * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later
+ * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
+ */
+package org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping;
+
+import org.hibernate.query.QueryLogger;
+
+import org.jboss.logging.BasicLogger;
+import org.jboss.logging.Logger;
+import org.jboss.logging.annotations.MessageLogger;
+import org.jboss.logging.annotations.ValidIdRange;
+
+/**
+ * Logger used during mapping-model creation
+ *
+ * @author Steve Ebersole
+ */
+@MessageLogger( projectCode = "HHH" )
+@ValidIdRange( min = 90005701, max = 90005800 )
+public interface MappingModelCreationLogger extends BasicLogger {
+	String LOGGER_NAME = "org.hibernate.orm.model.mapping.creation";
+
+	MappingModelCreationLogger LOGGER = Logger.getMessageLogger( MappingModelCreationLogger.class, LOGGER_NAME );
+
+	boolean TRACE_ENABLED = LOGGER.isTraceEnabled();
+	boolean DEBUG_ENABLED = LOGGER.isDebugEnabled();
+}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/NonTransientException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
+ *
+ * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later
+ * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
+ */
+package org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping;
+
+/**
+ * Marker interface for exceptions thrown during mapping-model creation which
+ * are not transient errors - they will never succeed
+ *
+ * @author Steve Ebersole
+ */
+public interface NonTransientException {
+}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/internal/MappingModelCreationHelper.java

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ForeignKeyDescriptor;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.JdbcMapping;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ManagedMappingType;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ModelPart;
+import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.NonTransientException;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.PluralAttributeMapping;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.SingularAttributeMapping;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.StateArrayContributorMetadata;
@@ -793,7 +794,11 @@ public class MappingModelCreationHelper {
 					catch (NotYetImplementedFor6Exception nye) {
 						throw nye;
 					}
-					catch (Exception wait) {
+					catch (Exception e) {
+						if ( e instanceof NonTransientException ) {
+							throw e;
+						}
+
 						return false;
 					}
 				}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/internal/MappingModelCreationProcess.java

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.MappingModelCreationLogger;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ModelPart;
+import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.NonTransientException;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.spi.RuntimeModelCreationContext;
 import org.hibernate.persister.entity.EntityPersister;
 
@@ -69,25 +71,40 @@ public class MappingModelCreationProcess {
 			entityPersister.prepareMappingModel( this );
 		}
 
-		executePostInitCallbakcs( postInitCallbacks );
+		MappingModelCreationLogger.LOGGER.debugf( "Starting generic post-init callbacks" );
+		executePostInitCallbacks( postInitCallbacks );
 
-		executePostInitCallbakcs( foreignKeyPostInitCallbacks );
+		MappingModelCreationLogger.LOGGER.debugf( "Starting foreign-key post-init callbacks" );
+		executePostInitCallbacks( foreignKeyPostInitCallbacks );
 	}
 
-	private void executePostInitCallbakcs(List<PostInitCallback> postInitCallbacks) {
+	private void executePostInitCallbacks(List<PostInitCallback> postInitCallbacks) {
 		while ( postInitCallbacks != null && !postInitCallbacks.isEmpty() ) {
-			// copy to avoid CCME
-			final ArrayList<PostInitCallback> copy = new ArrayList<>( new ArrayList<>( postInitCallbacks ) );
 
-			for ( PostInitCallback callback : copy ) {
+			// copy to avoid CCME
+			final ArrayList<PostInitCallback> copy = new ArrayList<>( postInitCallbacks );
+
+			for ( int i = 0; i < copy.size(); i++ ) {
+				final PostInitCallback callback = copy.get( i );
+
+				try {
 					final boolean completed = callback.process();
 					if ( completed ) {
 						postInitCallbacks.remove( callback );
 					}
 				}
+				catch (Exception e) {
+					if ( e instanceof NonTransientException ) {
+						MappingModelCreationLogger.LOGGER.debugf( "Mapping-model creation encountered non-transient error : %s", e );
+						throw e;
+					}
+
+					MappingModelCreationLogger.LOGGER.debugf( "Mapping-model creation encountered (possibly) transient error : %s", e );
+				}
+			}
 
 			if ( copy.size() == postInitCallbacks.size() ) {
-				// none of the processes could complete fully, this is an error
+				// none of the remaining callbacks could complete fully, this is an error
 				throw new IllegalStateException( "No post-init callbacks could complete" );
 			}
 		}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/internal/PluralAttributeMappingImpl.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import org.hibernate.engine.FetchStrategy;
 import org.hibernate.engine.FetchTiming;
 import org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadeStyle;
 import org.hibernate.engine.spi.LoadQueryInfluencers;
+import org.hibernate.jpa.spi.JpaCompliance;
 import org.hibernate.mapping.Collection;
 import org.hibernate.mapping.IndexedCollection;
 import org.hibernate.mapping.List;
@@ -246,6 +247,10 @@ public class PluralAttributeMappingImpl extends AbstractAttributeMapping impleme
 
 		if ( hasOrder || hasManyToManyOrder ) {
 			final TranslationContext context = new TranslationContext() {
+				@Override
+				public JpaCompliance getJpaCompliance() {
+					return collectionDescriptor.getFactory().getSessionFactoryOptions().getJpaCompliance();
+				}
 			};
 
 			if ( hasOrder ) {

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/ordering/TranslationContext.java

@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@
  */
 package org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ordering;
 
+import org.hibernate.jpa.spi.JpaCompliance;
+
 /**
  * Access to information needed while translating a collection's order-by fragment
  *
  * @author Steve Ebersole
  */
 public interface TranslationContext {
+	JpaCompliance getJpaCompliance();
 }

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/ordering/ast/OrderByComplianceViolation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
+ *
+ * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later
+ * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
+ */
+package org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ordering.ast;
+
+import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
+import org.hibernate.jpa.JpaComplianceViolation;
+import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.NonTransientException;
+
+/**
+ * @author Steve Ebersole
+ */
+public class OrderByComplianceViolation extends HibernateException implements JpaComplianceViolation, NonTransientException {
+	public OrderByComplianceViolation(String message) {
+		super( message );
+	}
+
+	public OrderByComplianceViolation(String message, Throwable cause) {
+		super( message, cause );
+	}
+}

hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/metamodel/mapping/ordering/ast/ParseTreeVisitor.java

@@ -17,16 +17,12 @@ import org.hibernate.grammars.ordering.OrderingParserBaseVisitor;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.PluralAttributeMapping;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ordering.TranslationContext;
 
-import org.jboss.logging.Logger;
-
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
 
 /**
  * @author Steve Ebersole
  */
-public class ParseTreeVisitor extends OrderingParserBaseVisitor {
+public class ParseTreeVisitor extends OrderingParserBaseVisitor<Object> {
-	private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger( ParseTreeVisitor.class );
-
 	private final PathConsumer pathConsumer;
 	private final TranslationContext translationContext;
 
@@ -60,7 +56,21 @@ public class ParseTreeVisitor extends OrderingParserBaseVisitor {
 		assert parsedSpec != null;
 		assert parsedSpec.expression() != null;
 
-		final OrderingSpecification result = new OrderingSpecification( visitExpression( parsedSpec.expression() ) );
+		final OrderingExpression orderingExpression = visitExpression( parsedSpec.expression() );
+		if ( translationContext.getJpaCompliance().isJpaOrderByMappingComplianceEnabled() ) {
+			if ( orderingExpression instanceof DomainPath ) {
+				// nothing to do
+			}
+			else {
+				throw new OrderByComplianceViolation(
+						"`@OrderBy` expression (" + parsedSpec.expression().getText()
+								+ ") resolved to `" + orderingExpression
+								+ "` which is not a domain-model reference which violates the JPA specification"
+				);
+			}
+		}
+
+		final OrderingSpecification result = new OrderingSpecification( orderingExpression );
 
 		if ( parsedSpec.collationSpecification() != null ) {
 			result.setCollation( parsedSpec.collationSpecification().identifier().getText() );

hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/jpa/JpaComplianceStub.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
+ *
+ * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later
+ * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
+ */
+package org.hibernate.jpa;
+
+import org.hibernate.jpa.spi.JpaCompliance;
+
+/**
+ * Stubbed impl of JpaCompliance
+ *
+ * @author Steve Ebersole
+ */
+public class JpaComplianceStub implements JpaCompliance {
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaQueryComplianceEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaTransactionComplianceEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaListComplianceEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaClosedComplianceEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaProxyComplianceEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaCacheComplianceEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isGlobalGeneratorScopeEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaOrderByMappingComplianceEnabled() {
+		return false;
+	}
+}

hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/jpa/JpaComplianceTestingImpl.java

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ public class JpaComplianceTestingImpl implements JpaCompliance {
 	private boolean proxyCompliance;
 	private boolean cacheCompliance;
 	private boolean idGeneratorNameScopeCompliance;
+	private boolean orderByCompliance;
 
 	@Override
 	public boolean isJpaQueryComplianceEnabled() {
@@ -63,6 +64,11 @@ public class JpaComplianceTestingImpl implements JpaCompliance {
 		return listCompliance;
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public boolean isJpaOrderByMappingComplianceEnabled() {
+		return orderByCompliance;
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public boolean isJpaClosedComplianceEnabled() {
 		return closedCompliance;

hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/bootstrap/binding/annotations/plural/orderby/compliance/OrderByMappingComplianceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
+ *
+ * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later
+ * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
+ */
+package org.hibernate.orm.test.bootstrap.binding.annotations.plural.orderby.compliance;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import javax.persistence.Column;
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
+import javax.persistence.OrderBy;
+import javax.persistence.Table;
+
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
+import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
+import org.hibernate.boot.SessionFactoryBuilder;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
+import org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings;
+import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SessionFactoryImplementor;
+import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.ordering.ast.OrderByComplianceViolation;
+
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.DomainModel;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.DomainModelScope;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.ServiceRegistry;
+import org.hibernate.testing.transaction.TransactionUtil2;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+
+/**
+ * @author Steve Ebersole
+ */
+public class OrderByMappingComplianceTest {
+
+	@Test
+	public void testComplianceChecking() {
+		check( false );
+
+		try {
+			check( true );
+			fail( "Expecting an exception" );
+		}
+		catch (OrderByComplianceViolation expected) {
+			// nothing to do
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void check(boolean complianceEnabled) {
+		final StandardServiceRegistry ssr = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
+				.applySetting( AvailableSettings.HBM2DDL_AUTO, "create-drop" )
+				.build();
+
+		try {
+			final Metadata bootModel = new MetadataSources( ssr )
+					.addAnnotatedClass( Order.class )
+					.addAnnotatedClass( LineItem.class )
+					.buildMetadata();
+
+			final SessionFactory sf = bootModel.getSessionFactoryBuilder()
+					.enableJpaOrderByMappingCompliance( complianceEnabled )
+					.build();
+
+			try {
+				TransactionUtil2.inTransaction(
+						(SessionFactoryImplementor) sf,
+						session -> session.createQuery( "from Order" ).list()
+				);
+			}
+			finally {
+				try {
+					sf.close();
+				}
+				catch (Exception ignore) {
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		finally {
+			StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.destroy( ssr );
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Entity( name = "Order" )
+	@Table( name = "orders" )
+	public static class Order {
+		@Id
+		private Integer id;
+		private String invoice;
+		@OneToMany
+		@OrderBy( "qty" )
+		private Set<LineItem> lineItems;
+	}
+
+	@Entity( name = "LineItem" )
+	@Table( name = "line_items" )
+	public static class LineItem {
+		@Id
+		private Integer id;
+		private String sku;
+		@Column( name = "qty" )
+		private int quantity;
+	}
+}