hibernate-orm/migration-guide.adoc

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= 6.0 Migration Guide
:toc:
This guide discusses migration from Hibernate ORM version 6.0. For migration from
earlier versions, see any other pertinent migration guides as well.
== Background
== Known changes
=== Jakarta Persistence
6.0 moves from Java Persistence as defined by the Java EE specs to
Jakarta Persistence as defined by the Jakarta EE spec. The most immediate
impact of this change is that applications would need to be updated to use
the Jakarata Persistence classes (`jakarta.persistence.*`) instead of the Java
Persistence ones (`javax.persistence.*`).
The Jakarta spec also renames the JPA settings (again, from `javax.persistence.*` to
'jakarta.persistence.*') and defines a new set of XSD namespaces for `orm.xml` and
`persistence.xml` files.
Jakarta provides a https://github.com/eclipse/transformer[transformer]
tool which, along with appropriate "rules", will transform a project from Java Persistence to
Jakarta Persistence. This can update package names in source, settings, xsd references and more.
// todo (6.0) : reference to `${root}/rules ?
NOTE: As far as the XSD and setting changes, Hibernate does support both sets as a temporary aid
in migration. It logs a deprecation warning when the Java EE variants are used.
=== Reading from JDBC
Read-by-position rather than read-by-name
=== Type system / custom types
==== Type changes
* The default type for `Duration` was changed to `NUMERIC` which could lead to schema validation errors
==== Influencing JdbcTypeDescriptor to use
Discuss `JdbcTypeCode`, `JdbcType`, `JdbcTypeRegistration`
==== Influencing JavaTypeDescriptor to use
Discuss `@JavaType`, `@JavaTypeRegistration`
==== Component Mapping
Multiple component mappings for the same java class with different property mappings is not supported anymore. Every property mapping combination should have its own java class"
=== Procedure Parameters, enable passing nulls
Passing null or not is now triggered by whether setting the parameter was called at all. In other ords a distinction is made between calling `setParameter` passing null versus not calling `setParameter` at all. In the first case, we pass along the null value; in the second we do not.
=== Query
=== HQL results
HQL queries that use joins without specifying a select clause e.g. `from Person p join p.address` do not return a `List<Object[]>` with an entry per join anymore, but a list of `Person`.
The HQL query `select p,a from Person p join p.address a` returns instead a `List<Object[]>`.
e.g.
```
@Entity
class Person {
...
@ManyToOne
Address address
...
}
@Entity
class Address {
...
}
List<Person> result = session.createQuery("from Person p join p.address").list();
List<Object[]> results = session.createQuery("select p, a from Person p join p.address a").list();
```
==== Stream
`jakarta.persistence.Query#getResultStream()` and `org.hibernate.query.Query#stream()` do not return a `Stream` decorator anymore, so in order to close the underlying IO resources is now necessary to explicitly call the `Stream#close()` method. The JDK `Stream` documentation is quite explicit about the need for an explicit call to `close` by the user to avoid resource leakages, so we build upon this requirement.
==== Iterate
The `Query#iterate()` method has been removed. The alternative is to use `Query#stream()` or `Query#getResultStream()`.
=== Native Query
==== Native query as a function call is no longer supported.
Given the `NamedNativeQuery`
```
@NamedNativeQuery(
name = "fn_person_and_phones",
query = "{ ? = call fn_person_and_phones( ? ) }",
callable = true,
resultSetMapping = "person_with_phones"
)
```
the code
```
scope.inTransaction(
entityManager -> {
try {
List<Object[]> postAndComments = entityManager.createNamedQuery("fn_person_and_phones" ).setParameter( 1, 1L ).getResultList();
```
is going to throw an `IllegalArgumentException`.
The migration code is
```
List<Object[]> postAndComments = entityManager.createStoredProcedureQuery( "fn_person_and_phones", "person_with_phones" ).setParameter( 1, 1L ).getResultList();
```
=== SQM
* Functions
* Multi-table bulk manipulation HQL/Criteria query handling
=== Remove support for special plural attribute properties
Prior to 6.0, it was possible to de-reference special properties on plural attributes like `size` which was dropped.
The special properties lead to confusion and were sometimes ambiguous. The replacement is the function syntax.
size::
The collection size can be determined by using the `size( pluralAttribute )` function instead
elements::
The collection elements can be referred to by using the `value( pluralAttribute )` function instead
indices::
The collection indices can be referred to by using the `index( pluralAttribute )` or `key( pluralAttribute )` function instead
index::
The collection index can be referred to by using the `index( pluralAttribute )` or `key( pluralAttribute )` function instead
maxindex::
The collection maximum index can be determined by using the `maxindex( pluralAttribute )` function instead
minindex::
The collection minimum index can be determined by using the `minindex( pluralAttribute )` function instead
maxelement::
The collection maximum element can be determined by using the `maxelement( pluralAttribute )` function instead
minelement::
The collection minimum element can be determined by using the `minelement( pluralAttribute )` function instead
=== Remove support for comparing association against FK value
Previously Hibernate did allow comparing an association with an FK value like `... where alias.association = 1`
or `... where alias.association = alias.association.id` or even `... where alias.association = :param` where `param`
is bound to an integer `1`. This was supported prior to Hibernate 6.0 if the foreign key for the association is an integer.
The right way to do this is de-referencing the association by the FK attribute `... where alias.association.id = 1`
which is guaranteed to not produce a join, or use an entity reference for `... where alias.association = :param`
where `param` is bound to `entityManager.getReference(EntityClass.class, 1)`.
=== Removals
* JMX integration
* JACC integration
* @Deprecated features:
** 'hibernate.classLoader.application', 'hibernate.classLoader.resources', 'hibernate.classLoader.hibernate' and 'hibernate.classLoader.environment': use 'hibernate.classLoaders' instead.
** 'hibernate.hbm2dll.create_namespaces': use 'jakarta.persistence.create-database-schemas' or 'hibernate.hbm2ddl.create_namespaces'
=== org.hibernate.Interceptors
The method
```
boolean onSave(Object entity, Serializable id, Object[] state, String[] propertyNames, Type[] types)
```
has been removed in favour of
```
boolean onSave(Object entity, Object id, Object[] state, String[] propertyNames, Type[] types)
```
=== Fetch behaviour change
We changed the way we detect circularity, we do not follow anymore a deep first detection, so what happens is that in a model like
```
@Entity
class Node {
@ManyToOne
Node node1;
@ManyToOne
Node node2;
}
```
being all eager we are executing a query with 4 joins
```
FROM Node
JOIN Node.node1
JOIN Node.node1.node2
JOIN Node.node2
JOIN Node.node2.node1
```
whereas before we
```
FROM Node
JOIN Node.node1
JOIN Node.node1.node2
```
and issue a select for `Node.node2` if the FK of `Node.node2` is not null
```
FROM Node.node2
JOIN Node.node2.node1
JOIN Node.node2.node1.node2
```
In this simple example this is not such a big deal, but if we increase the number of eager fetched self-associations
to e.g. 3 like here:
```
@Entity
class Node {
@ManyToOne
Node node1;
@ManyToOne
Node node2;
@ManyToOne
Node node3;
}
```
this results in mind-blowing 15 joins
```
FROM Node
JOIN Node.node1
JOIN Node.node1.node2
JOIN Node.node1.node2.node3
JOIN Node.node1.node3
JOIN Node.node1.node3.node2
JOIN Node.node2
JOIN Node.node2.node1
JOIN Node.node2.node1.node3
JOIN Node.node2.node3
JOIN Node.node2.node3.node1
JOIN Node.node3
JOIN Node.node3.node1
JOIN Node.node3.node1.node2
JOIN Node.node3.node2
JOIN Node.node3.node2.node1
```
as you can see, this leads to a lot of joins very quickly, but the behavior of 5.x simply was not intuitive.
To avoid creating so many joins, and also in general, we recommend that you use lazy fetching i.e. `@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)`
or `@OneToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)` for most associations, but this is especially important if you have multiple self-referencing associations as you can see in the example.