hibernate-orm/reference/en/modules/events.xml

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<chapter id="events">
<title>Interceptors and events</title>
<para>
It is often useful for the application to react to certain events that occur
inside Hibernate. This allows implementation of certain kinds of generic
functionality, and extension of Hibernate functionality.
</para>
<sect1 id="objectstate-interceptors" revision="1">
<title>Interceptors</title>
<para>
The <literal>Interceptor</literal> interface provides callbacks from the session to the
application allowing the application to inspect and/or manipulate properties of a
persistent object before it is saved, updated, deleted or loaded. One
possible use for this is to track auditing information. For example, the following
<literal>Interceptor</literal> automatically sets the <literal>createTimestamp</literal>
when an <literal>Auditable</literal> is created and updates the
<literal>lastUpdateTimestamp</literal> property when an <literal>Auditable</literal> is
updated.
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[package org.hibernate.test;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.hibernate.Interceptor;
import org.hibernate.type.Type;
public class AuditInterceptor implements Interceptor, Serializable {
private int updates;
private int creates;
public void onDelete(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] state,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
// do nothing
}
public boolean onFlushDirty(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] currentState,
Object[] previousState,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
if ( entity instanceof Auditable ) {
updates++;
for ( int i=0; i < propertyNames.length; i++ ) {
if ( "lastUpdateTimestamp".equals( propertyNames[i] ) ) {
currentState[i] = new Date();
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
public boolean onLoad(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] state,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
return false;
}
public boolean onSave(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] state,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
if ( entity instanceof Auditable ) {
creates++;
for ( int i=0; i<propertyNames.length; i++ ) {
if ( "createTimestamp".equals( propertyNames[i] ) ) {
state[i] = new Date();
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
public void postFlush(Iterator entities) {
System.out.println("Creations: " + creates + ", Updates: " + updates);
}
public void preFlush(Iterator entities) {
updates=0;
creates=0;
}
...
}]]></programlisting>
<para>
The interceptor would be specified when a session is created.
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[Session session = sf.openSession( new AuditInterceptor() );]]></programlisting>
<para>
You may also set an interceptor on a global level, using the <literal>Configuration</literal>:
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[new Configuration().setInterceptor( new AuditInterceptor() );]]></programlisting>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="objectstate-events" revision="2">
<title>Event system</title>
<para>
If you have to react to particular events in your persistence layer, you may
also use the Hibernate3 <emphasis>event</emphasis> architecture. The event
system can be used in addition or as a replacement for interceptors.
</para>
<para>
Essentially all of the methods of the <literal>Session</literal> interface correlate
to an event. You have a <literal>LoadEvent</literal>, a <literal>FlushEvent</literal>, etc
(consult the XML configuration-file DTD or the <literal>org.hibernate.event</literal>
package for the full list of defined event types). When a request is made of one of
these methods, the Hibernate <literal>Session</literal> generates an appropriate
event and passes it to the configured event listener for that type. Out-of-the-box,
these listeners implement the same processing in which those methods always resulted.
However, you are free to implement a customization of one of the listener interfaces
(i.e., the <literal>LoadEvent</literal> is processed by the registered implemenation
of the <literal>LoadEventListener</literal> interface), in which case their
implementation would be responsible for processing any <literal>load()</literal> requests
made of the <literal>Session</literal>.
</para>
<para>
The listeners should be considered effectively singletons; meaning, they are shared between
requests, and thus should not save any state as instance variables.
</para>
<para>
A custom listener should implement the appropriate interface for the event it wants to
process and/or extend one of the convenience base classes (or even the default event
listeners used by Hibernate out-of-the-box as these are declared non-final for this
purpose). Custom listeners can either be registered programmatically through the
<literal>Configuration</literal> object, or specified in the Hibernate configuration
XML (declarative configuration through the properties file is not supported). Here's an
example of a custom load event listener:
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[public class MyLoadListener extends DefaultLoadEventListener {
// this is the single method defined by the LoadEventListener interface
public Object onLoad(LoadEvent event, LoadEventListener.LoadType loadType)
throws HibernateException {
if ( !MySecurity.isAuthorized( event.getEntityClassName(), event.getEntityId() ) ) {
throw MySecurityException("Unauthorized access");
}
return super.onLoad(event, loadType);
}
}]]></programlisting>
<para>
You also need a configuration entry telling Hibernate to use the listener instead
of the default listener:
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
...
<listener type="load" class="MyLoadListener"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>]]></programlisting>
<para>
Instead, you may register it programmatically:
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
cfg.getSessionEventListenerConfig().setLoadEventListener( new MyLoadListener() );]]></programlisting>
<para>
Listeners registered declaratively cannot share instances. If the same class name is
used in multiple <literal>&lt;listener/&gt;</literal> elements, each reference will
result in a separate instance of that class. If you need the capability to share
listener instances between listener types you must use the programmatic registration
approach.
</para>
<para>
Why implement an interface and define the specific type during configuration? Well, a
listener implementation could implement multiple event listener interfaces. Having the
type additionally defined during registration makes it easier to turn custom listeners on
or off during configuration.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="objectstate-decl-security">
<title>Hibernate declarative security</title>
<para>
Usually, declarative security in Hibernate applications is managed in a session facade
layer. Now, Hibernate3 allows certain actions to be permissioned via JACC, and authorized
via JAAS. This is optional functionality built on top of the event architecture.
</para>
<para>
First, you must configure the appropriate event listeners, to enable the use of JAAS
authorization.
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[<listener type="pre-delete" class="org.hibernate.secure.JACCPreDeleteEventListener"/>
<listener type="pre-update" class="org.hibernate.secure.JACCPreUpdateEventListener"/>
<listener type="pre-insert" class="org.hibernate.secure.JACCPreInsertEventListener"/>
<listener type="pre-load" class="org.hibernate.secure.JACCPreLoadEventListener"/>]]></programlisting>
<para>
Next, still in <literal>hibernate.cfg.xml</literal>, bind the permissions to roles:
</para>
<programlisting><![CDATA[<grant role="admin" entity-name="User" actions="insert,update,read"/>
<grant role="su" entity-name="User" actions="*"/>]]></programlisting>
<para>
The role names are the roles understood by your JACC provider.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>