/**
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Google Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.elasticsearch.common.inject;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import org.elasticsearch.common.Classes;
import org.elasticsearch.common.inject.internal.*;
import org.elasticsearch.common.inject.spi.*;
import org.elasticsearch.common.inject.util.Providers;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import static org.elasticsearch.common.inject.internal.Annotations.findScopeAnnotation;

/**
 * Default {@link Injector} implementation.
 *
 * @author crazybob@google.com (Bob Lee)
 * @see InjectorBuilder
 */
class InjectorImpl implements Injector, Lookups {
    final State state;
    final InjectorImpl parent;
    boolean readOnly;
    BindingsMultimap bindingsMultimap = new BindingsMultimap();
    final Initializer initializer;

    /**
     * Just-in-time binding cache. Guarded by state.lock()
     */
    Map<Key<?>, BindingImpl<?>> jitBindings = Maps.newHashMap();

    Lookups lookups = new DeferredLookups(this);

    InjectorImpl(@Nullable InjectorImpl parent, State state, Initializer initializer) {
        this.parent = parent;
        this.state = state;
        this.initializer = initializer;

        if (parent != null) {
            localContext = parent.localContext;
        } else {
            localContext = new ThreadLocal<Object[]>() {
                protected Object[] initialValue() {
                    return new Object[1];
                }
            };
        }
    }

    /**
     * Indexes bindings by type.
     */
    void index() {
        for (Binding<?> binding : state.getExplicitBindingsThisLevel().values()) {
            index(binding);
        }
    }

    <T> void index(Binding<T> binding) {
        bindingsMultimap.put(binding.getKey().getTypeLiteral(), binding);
    }

    public <T> List<Binding<T>> findBindingsByType(TypeLiteral<T> type) {
        return bindingsMultimap.getAll(type);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the binding for {@code key}
     */
    public <T> BindingImpl<T> getBinding(Key<T> key) {
        Errors errors = new Errors(key);
        try {
            BindingImpl<T> result = getBindingOrThrow(key, errors);
            errors.throwConfigurationExceptionIfErrorsExist();
            return result;
        } catch (ErrorsException e) {
            throw new ConfigurationException(errors.merge(e.getErrors()).getMessages());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets a binding implementation.  First, it check to see if the parent has a binding.  If the
     * parent has a binding and the binding is scoped, it will use that binding.  Otherwise, this
     * checks for an explicit binding. If no explicit binding is found, it looks for a just-in-time
     * binding.
     */
    public <T> BindingImpl<T> getBindingOrThrow(Key<T> key, Errors errors)
            throws ErrorsException {
        // Check explicit bindings, i.e. bindings created by modules.
        BindingImpl<T> binding = state.getExplicitBinding(key);
        if (binding != null) {
            return binding;
        }

        // Look for an on-demand binding.
        return getJustInTimeBinding(key, errors);
    }

    public <T> Binding<T> getBinding(Class<T> type) {
        return getBinding(Key.get(type));
    }

    public Injector getParent() {
        return parent;
    }

    public Injector createChildInjector(Iterable<? extends Module> modules) {
        return new InjectorBuilder()
                .parentInjector(this)
                .addModules(modules)
                .build();
    }

    public Injector createChildInjector(Module... modules) {
        return createChildInjector(ImmutableList.copyOf(modules));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a just-in-time binding for {@code key}, creating it if necessary.
     *
     * @throws ErrorsException if the binding could not be created.
     */
    private <T> BindingImpl<T> getJustInTimeBinding(Key<T> key, Errors errors)
            throws ErrorsException {
        synchronized (state.lock()) {
            // first try to find a JIT binding that we've already created
            for (InjectorImpl injector = this; injector != null; injector = injector.parent) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // we only store bindings that match their key
                        BindingImpl<T> binding = (BindingImpl<T>) injector.jitBindings.get(key);

                if (binding != null) {
                    return binding;
                }
            }

            return createJustInTimeBindingRecursive(key, errors);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the key type is Provider (but not a subclass of Provider).
     */
    static boolean isProvider(Key<?> key) {
        return key.getTypeLiteral().getRawType().equals(Provider.class);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the key type is MembersInjector (but not a subclass of MembersInjector).
     */
    static boolean isMembersInjector(Key<?> key) {
        return key.getTypeLiteral().getRawType().equals(MembersInjector.class)
                && !key.hasAnnotationType();
    }

    private <T> BindingImpl<MembersInjector<T>> createMembersInjectorBinding(
            Key<MembersInjector<T>> key, Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        Type membersInjectorType = key.getTypeLiteral().getType();
        if (!(membersInjectorType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw errors.cannotInjectRawMembersInjector().toException();
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe because T came from Key<MembersInjector<T>>
                TypeLiteral<T> instanceType = (TypeLiteral<T>) TypeLiteral.get(
                ((ParameterizedType) membersInjectorType).getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
        MembersInjector<T> membersInjector = membersInjectorStore.get(instanceType, errors);

        InternalFactory<MembersInjector<T>> factory = new ConstantFactory<MembersInjector<T>>(
                Initializables.of(membersInjector));


        return new InstanceBindingImpl<MembersInjector<T>>(this, key, SourceProvider.UNKNOWN_SOURCE,
                factory, ImmutableSet.<InjectionPoint>of(), membersInjector);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a synthetic binding to {@code Provider<T>}, i.e. a binding to the provider from
     * {@code Binding<T>}.
     */
    private <T> BindingImpl<Provider<T>> createProviderBinding(Key<Provider<T>> key, Errors errors)
            throws ErrorsException {
        Type providerType = key.getTypeLiteral().getType();

        // If the Provider has no type parameter (raw Provider)...
        if (!(providerType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw errors.cannotInjectRawProvider().toException();
        }

        Type entryType = ((ParameterizedType) providerType).getActualTypeArguments()[0];

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe because T came from Key<Provider<T>>
                Key<T> providedKey = (Key<T>) key.ofType(entryType);

        BindingImpl<T> delegate = getBindingOrThrow(providedKey, errors);
        return new ProviderBindingImpl<T>(this, key, delegate);
    }

    static class ProviderBindingImpl<T> extends BindingImpl<Provider<T>>
            implements ProviderBinding<Provider<T>> {
        final BindingImpl<T> providedBinding;

        ProviderBindingImpl(InjectorImpl injector, Key<Provider<T>> key, Binding<T> providedBinding) {
            super(injector, key, providedBinding.getSource(), createInternalFactory(providedBinding),
                    Scoping.UNSCOPED);
            this.providedBinding = (BindingImpl<T>) providedBinding;
        }

        static <T> InternalFactory<Provider<T>> createInternalFactory(Binding<T> providedBinding) {
            final Provider<T> provider = providedBinding.getProvider();
            return new InternalFactory<Provider<T>>() {
                public Provider<T> get(Errors errors, InternalContext context, Dependency dependency) {
                    return provider;
                }
            };
        }

        public Key<? extends T> getProvidedKey() {
            return providedBinding.getKey();
        }

        public <V> V acceptTargetVisitor(BindingTargetVisitor<? super Provider<T>, V> visitor) {
            return visitor.visit(this);
        }

        public void applyTo(Binder binder) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This element represents a synthetic binding.");
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return new ToStringBuilder(ProviderKeyBinding.class)
                    .add("key", getKey())
                    .add("providedKey", getProvidedKey())
                    .toString();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts a constant string binding to the required type.
     *
     * @return the binding if it could be resolved, or null if the binding doesn't exist
     * @throws org.elasticsearch.common.inject.internal.ErrorsException
     *          if there was an error resolving the binding
     */
    private <T> BindingImpl<T> convertConstantStringBinding(Key<T> key, Errors errors)
            throws ErrorsException {
        // Find a constant string binding.
        Key<String> stringKey = key.ofType(String.class);
        BindingImpl<String> stringBinding = state.getExplicitBinding(stringKey);
        if (stringBinding == null || !stringBinding.isConstant()) {
            return null;
        }

        String stringValue = stringBinding.getProvider().get();
        Object source = stringBinding.getSource();

        // Find a matching type converter.
        TypeLiteral<T> type = key.getTypeLiteral();
        MatcherAndConverter matchingConverter = state.getConverter(stringValue, type, errors, source);

        if (matchingConverter == null) {
            // No converter can handle the given type.
            return null;
        }

        // Try to convert the string. A failed conversion results in an error.
        try {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // This cast is safe because we double check below.
                    T converted = (T) matchingConverter.getTypeConverter().convert(stringValue, type);

            if (converted == null) {
                throw errors.converterReturnedNull(stringValue, source, type, matchingConverter)
                        .toException();
            }

            if (!type.getRawType().isInstance(converted)) {
                throw errors.conversionTypeError(stringValue, source, type, matchingConverter, converted)
                        .toException();
            }

            return new ConvertedConstantBindingImpl<T>(this, key, converted, stringBinding);
        } catch (ErrorsException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            throw errors.conversionError(stringValue, source, type, matchingConverter, e)
                    .toException();
        }
    }

    private static class ConvertedConstantBindingImpl<T>
            extends BindingImpl<T> implements ConvertedConstantBinding<T> {
        final T value;
        final Provider<T> provider;
        final Binding<String> originalBinding;

        ConvertedConstantBindingImpl(
                Injector injector, Key<T> key, T value, Binding<String> originalBinding) {
            super(injector, key, originalBinding.getSource(),
                    new ConstantFactory<T>(Initializables.of(value)), Scoping.UNSCOPED);
            this.value = value;
            provider = Providers.of(value);
            this.originalBinding = originalBinding;
        }

        @Override
        public Provider<T> getProvider() {
            return provider;
        }

        public <V> V acceptTargetVisitor(BindingTargetVisitor<? super T, V> visitor) {
            return visitor.visit(this);
        }

        public T getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        public Key<String> getSourceKey() {
            return originalBinding.getKey();
        }

        public Set<Dependency<?>> getDependencies() {
            return ImmutableSet.<Dependency<?>>of(Dependency.get(getSourceKey()));
        }

        public void applyTo(Binder binder) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This element represents a synthetic binding.");
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return new ToStringBuilder(ConvertedConstantBinding.class)
                    .add("key", getKey())
                    .add("sourceKey", getSourceKey())
                    .add("value", value)
                    .toString();
        }
    }

    <T> void initializeBinding(BindingImpl<T> binding, Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        // Put the partially constructed binding in the map a little early. This enables us to handle
        // circular dependencies. Example: FooImpl -> BarImpl -> FooImpl.
        // Note: We don't need to synchronize on state.lock() during injector creation.
        // TODO: for the above example, remove the binding for BarImpl if the binding for FooImpl fails
        if (binding instanceof ConstructorBindingImpl<?>) {
            Key<T> key = binding.getKey();
            jitBindings.put(key, binding);
            boolean successful = false;
            try {
                ((ConstructorBindingImpl) binding).initialize(this, errors);
                successful = true;
            } finally {
                if (!successful) {
                    jitBindings.remove(key);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a binding for an injectable type with the given scope. Looks for a scope on the type if
     * none is specified.
     */
    <T> BindingImpl<T> createUnitializedBinding(Key<T> key, Scoping scoping, Object source,
                                                Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        Class<?> rawType = key.getTypeLiteral().getRawType();

        // Don't try to inject arrays, or enums.
        if (rawType.isArray() || rawType.isEnum()) {
            throw errors.missingImplementation(key).toException();
        }

        // Handle TypeLiteral<T> by binding the inner type
        if (rawType == TypeLiteral.class) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // we have to fudge the inner type as Object
                    BindingImpl<T> binding = (BindingImpl<T>) createTypeLiteralBinding(
                    (Key<TypeLiteral<Object>>) key, errors);
            return binding;
        }

        // Handle @ImplementedBy
        ImplementedBy implementedBy = rawType.getAnnotation(ImplementedBy.class);
        if (implementedBy != null) {
            Annotations.checkForMisplacedScopeAnnotations(rawType, source, errors);
            return createImplementedByBinding(key, scoping, implementedBy, errors);
        }

        // Handle @ProvidedBy.
        ProvidedBy providedBy = rawType.getAnnotation(ProvidedBy.class);
        if (providedBy != null) {
            Annotations.checkForMisplacedScopeAnnotations(rawType, source, errors);
            return createProvidedByBinding(key, scoping, providedBy, errors);
        }

        // We can't inject abstract classes.
        // TODO: Method interceptors could actually enable us to implement
        // abstract types. Should we remove this restriction?
        if (Modifier.isAbstract(rawType.getModifiers())) {
            throw errors.missingImplementation(key).toException();
        }

        // Error: Inner class.
        if (Classes.isInnerClass(rawType)) {
            throw errors.cannotInjectInnerClass(rawType).toException();
        }

        if (!scoping.isExplicitlyScoped()) {
            Class<? extends Annotation> scopeAnnotation = findScopeAnnotation(errors, rawType);
            if (scopeAnnotation != null) {
                scoping = Scopes.makeInjectable(Scoping.forAnnotation(scopeAnnotation),
                        this, errors.withSource(rawType));
            }
        }

        return ConstructorBindingImpl.create(this, key, source, scoping);
    }

    /**
     * Converts a binding for a {@code Key<TypeLiteral<T>>} to the value {@code TypeLiteral<T>}. It's
     * a bit awkward because we have to pull out the inner type in the type literal.
     */
    private <T> BindingImpl<TypeLiteral<T>> createTypeLiteralBinding(
            Key<TypeLiteral<T>> key, Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        Type typeLiteralType = key.getTypeLiteral().getType();
        if (!(typeLiteralType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw errors.cannotInjectRawTypeLiteral().toException();
        }

        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) typeLiteralType;
        Type innerType = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];

        // this is unforunate. We don't support building TypeLiterals for type variable like 'T'. If
        // this proves problematic, we can probably fix TypeLiteral to support type variables
        if (!(innerType instanceof Class)
                && !(innerType instanceof GenericArrayType)
                && !(innerType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw errors.cannotInjectTypeLiteralOf(innerType).toException();
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // by definition, innerType == T, so this is safe
                TypeLiteral<T> value = (TypeLiteral<T>) TypeLiteral.get(innerType);
        InternalFactory<TypeLiteral<T>> factory = new ConstantFactory<TypeLiteral<T>>(
                Initializables.of(value));
        return new InstanceBindingImpl<TypeLiteral<T>>(this, key, SourceProvider.UNKNOWN_SOURCE,
                factory, ImmutableSet.<InjectionPoint>of(), value);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a binding for a type annotated with @ProvidedBy.
     */
    <T> BindingImpl<T> createProvidedByBinding(Key<T> key, Scoping scoping,
                                               ProvidedBy providedBy, Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        final Class<?> rawType = key.getTypeLiteral().getRawType();
        final Class<? extends Provider<?>> providerType = providedBy.value();

        // Make sure it's not the same type. TODO: Can we check for deeper loops?
        if (providerType == rawType) {
            throw errors.recursiveProviderType().toException();
        }

        // Assume the provider provides an appropriate type. We double check at runtime.
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        final Key<? extends Provider<T>> providerKey
                = (Key<? extends Provider<T>>) Key.get(providerType);
        final BindingImpl<? extends Provider<?>> providerBinding
                = getBindingOrThrow(providerKey, errors);

        InternalFactory<T> internalFactory = new InternalFactory<T>() {
            public T get(Errors errors, InternalContext context, Dependency dependency)
                    throws ErrorsException {
                errors = errors.withSource(providerKey);
                Provider<?> provider = providerBinding.getInternalFactory().get(
                        errors, context, dependency);
                try {
                    Object o = provider.get();
                    if (o != null && !rawType.isInstance(o)) {
                        throw errors.subtypeNotProvided(providerType, rawType).toException();
                    }
                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // protected by isInstance() check above
                            T t = (T) o;
                    return t;
                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                    throw errors.errorInProvider(e).toException();
                }
            }
        };

        return new LinkedProviderBindingImpl<T>(
                this,
                key,
                rawType /* source */,
                Scopes.<T>scope(key, this, internalFactory, scoping),
                scoping,
                providerKey);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a binding for a type annotated with @ImplementedBy.
     */
    <T> BindingImpl<T> createImplementedByBinding(Key<T> key, Scoping scoping,
                                                  ImplementedBy implementedBy, Errors errors)
            throws ErrorsException {
        Class<?> rawType = key.getTypeLiteral().getRawType();
        Class<?> implementationType = implementedBy.value();

        // Make sure it's not the same type. TODO: Can we check for deeper cycles?
        if (implementationType == rawType) {
            throw errors.recursiveImplementationType().toException();
        }

        // Make sure implementationType extends type.
        if (!rawType.isAssignableFrom(implementationType)) {
            throw errors.notASubtype(implementationType, rawType).toException();
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // After the preceding check, this cast is safe.
                Class<? extends T> subclass = (Class<? extends T>) implementationType;

        // Look up the target binding.
        final Key<? extends T> targetKey = Key.get(subclass);
        final BindingImpl<? extends T> targetBinding = getBindingOrThrow(targetKey, errors);

        InternalFactory<T> internalFactory = new InternalFactory<T>() {
            public T get(Errors errors, InternalContext context, Dependency<?> dependency)
                    throws ErrorsException {
                return targetBinding.getInternalFactory().get(
                        errors.withSource(targetKey), context, dependency);
            }
        };

        return new LinkedBindingImpl<T>(
                this,
                key,
                rawType /* source */,
                Scopes.<T>scope(key, this, internalFactory, scoping),
                scoping,
                targetKey);
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to create a just-in-time binding for {@code key} in the root injector, falling back to
     * other ancestor injectors until this injector is tried.
     */
    private <T> BindingImpl<T> createJustInTimeBindingRecursive(Key<T> key, Errors errors)
            throws ErrorsException {
        // ask the parent to create the JIT binding
        if (parent != null && !parent.readOnly /* ES: don't check on parent if its read only, its already created all the bindings it can*/) {
            try {
                return parent.createJustInTimeBindingRecursive(key, new Errors());
            } catch (ErrorsException ignored) {
            }
        }

        if (state.isBlacklisted(key)) {
            throw errors.childBindingAlreadySet(key).toException();
        }

        BindingImpl<T> binding = createJustInTimeBinding(key, errors);
        state.parent().blacklist(key);
        jitBindings.put(key, binding);
        return binding;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new just-in-time binding created by resolving {@code key}. The strategies used to
     * create just-in-time bindings are:
     * <ol>
     * <li>Internalizing Providers. If the requested binding is for {@code Provider<T>}, we delegate
     * to the binding for {@code T}.
     * <li>Converting constants.
     * <li>ImplementedBy and ProvidedBy annotations. Only for unannotated keys.
     * <li>The constructor of the raw type. Only for unannotated keys.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @throws org.elasticsearch.common.inject.internal.ErrorsException
     *          if the binding cannot be created.
     */
    <T> BindingImpl<T> createJustInTimeBinding(Key<T> key, Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        if (state.isBlacklisted(key)) {
            throw errors.childBindingAlreadySet(key).toException();
        }

        // Handle cases where T is a Provider<?>.
        if (isProvider(key)) {
            // These casts are safe. We know T extends Provider<X> and that given Key<Provider<X>>,
            // createProviderBinding() will return BindingImpl<Provider<X>>.
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            BindingImpl binding = createProviderBinding((Key) key, errors);
            return binding;
        }

        // Handle cases where T is a MembersInjector<?>
        if (isMembersInjector(key)) {
            // These casts are safe. T extends MembersInjector<X> and that given Key<MembersInjector<X>>,
            // createMembersInjectorBinding() will return BindingImpl<MembersInjector<X>>.
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            BindingImpl binding = createMembersInjectorBinding((Key) key, errors);
            return binding;
        }

        // Try to convert a constant string binding to the requested type.
        BindingImpl<T> convertedBinding = convertConstantStringBinding(key, errors);
        if (convertedBinding != null) {
            return convertedBinding;
        }

        // If the key has an annotation...
        if (key.hasAnnotationType()) {
            // Look for a binding without annotation attributes or return null.
            if (key.hasAttributes()) {
                try {
                    Errors ignored = new Errors();
                    return getBindingOrThrow(key.withoutAttributes(), ignored);
                } catch (ErrorsException ignored) {
                    // throw with a more appropriate message below
                }
            }
            throw errors.missingImplementation(key).toException();
        }

        Object source = key.getTypeLiteral().getRawType();
        BindingImpl<T> binding = createUnitializedBinding(key, Scoping.UNSCOPED, source, errors);
        initializeBinding(binding, errors);
        return binding;
    }

    <T> InternalFactory<? extends T> getInternalFactory(Key<T> key, Errors errors)
            throws ErrorsException {
        return getBindingOrThrow(key, errors).getInternalFactory();
    }

    // not test-covered
    public Map<Key<?>, Binding<?>> getBindings() {
        return state.getExplicitBindingsThisLevel();
    }

    private static class BindingsMultimap {
        final Map<TypeLiteral<?>, List<Binding<?>>> multimap = Maps.newHashMap();

        <T> void put(TypeLiteral<T> type, Binding<T> binding) {
            List<Binding<?>> bindingsForType = multimap.get(type);
            if (bindingsForType == null) {
                bindingsForType = Lists.newArrayList();
                multimap.put(type, bindingsForType);
            }
            bindingsForType.add(binding);
        }


        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            // safe because we only put matching entries into the map
        <T> List<Binding<T>> getAll(TypeLiteral<T> type) {
            List<Binding<?>> bindings = multimap.get(type);
            return bindings != null
                    ? Collections.<Binding<T>>unmodifiableList((List) multimap.get(type))
                    : ImmutableList.<Binding<T>>of();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns parameter injectors, or {@code null} if there are no parameters.
     */
    SingleParameterInjector<?>[] getParametersInjectors(
            List<Dependency<?>> parameters, Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        if (parameters.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        int numErrorsBefore = errors.size();
        SingleParameterInjector<?>[] result = new SingleParameterInjector<?>[parameters.size()];
        int i = 0;
        for (Dependency<?> parameter : parameters) {
            try {
                result[i++] = createParameterInjector(parameter, errors.withSource(parameter));
            } catch (ErrorsException rethrownBelow) {
                // rethrown below
            }
        }

        errors.throwIfNewErrors(numErrorsBefore);
        return result;
    }

    <T> SingleParameterInjector<T> createParameterInjector(final Dependency<T> dependency,
                                                           final Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        InternalFactory<? extends T> factory = getInternalFactory(dependency.getKey(), errors);
        return new SingleParameterInjector<T>(dependency, factory);
    }

    /**
     * Invokes a method.
     */
    interface MethodInvoker {
        Object invoke(Object target, Object... parameters)
                throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException;
    }

    /**
     * Cached constructor injectors for each type
     */
    ConstructorInjectorStore constructors = new ConstructorInjectorStore(this);

    /**
     * Cached field and method injectors for each type.
     */
    MembersInjectorStore membersInjectorStore;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // the members injector type is consistent with instance's type
    public void injectMembers(Object instance) {
        MembersInjector membersInjector = getMembersInjector(instance.getClass());
        membersInjector.injectMembers(instance);
    }

    public <T> MembersInjector<T> getMembersInjector(TypeLiteral<T> typeLiteral) {
        Errors errors = new Errors(typeLiteral);
        try {
            return membersInjectorStore.get(typeLiteral, errors);
        } catch (ErrorsException e) {
            throw new ConfigurationException(errors.merge(e.getErrors()).getMessages());
        }
    }

    public <T> MembersInjector<T> getMembersInjector(Class<T> type) {
        return getMembersInjector(TypeLiteral.get(type));
    }

    public <T> Provider<T> getProvider(Class<T> type) {
        return getProvider(Key.get(type));
    }

    <T> Provider<T> getProviderOrThrow(final Key<T> key, Errors errors) throws ErrorsException {
        final InternalFactory<? extends T> factory = getInternalFactory(key, errors);
        // ES: optimize for a common case of read only instance getting from the parent...
        if (factory instanceof InternalFactory.Instance) {
            return new Provider<T>() {
                @Override
                public T get() {
                    try {
                        return (T) ((InternalFactory.Instance) factory).get(null, null, null);
                    } catch (ErrorsException e) {
                        // ignore
                    }
                    // should never happen...
                    assert false;
                    return null;
                }
            };
        }

        final Dependency<T> dependency = Dependency.get(key);
        return new Provider<T>() {
            public T get() {
                final Errors errors = new Errors(dependency);
                try {
                    T t = callInContext(new ContextualCallable<T>() {
                        public T call(InternalContext context) throws ErrorsException {
                            context.setDependency(dependency);
                            try {
                                return factory.get(errors, context, dependency);
                            } finally {
                                context.setDependency(null);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                    errors.throwIfNewErrors(0);
                    return t;
                } catch (ErrorsException e) {
                    throw new ProvisionException(errors.merge(e.getErrors()).getMessages());
                }
            }

            @Override
            public String toString() {
                return factory.toString();
            }
        };
    }

    public <T> Provider<T> getProvider(final Key<T> key) {
        Errors errors = new Errors(key);
        try {
            Provider<T> result = getProviderOrThrow(key, errors);
            errors.throwIfNewErrors(0);
            return result;
        } catch (ErrorsException e) {
            throw new ConfigurationException(errors.merge(e.getErrors()).getMessages());
        }
    }

    public <T> T getInstance(Key<T> key) {
        return getProvider(key).get();
    }

    public <T> T getInstance(Class<T> type) {
        return getProvider(type).get();
    }

    final ThreadLocal<Object[]> localContext;

    /**
     * Looks up thread local context. Creates (and removes) a new context if necessary.
     */
    <T> T callInContext(ContextualCallable<T> callable) throws ErrorsException {
        Object[] reference = localContext.get();
        if (reference[0] == null) {
            reference[0] = new InternalContext();
            try {
                return callable.call((InternalContext) reference[0]);
            } finally {
                // Only clear the context if this call created it.
                reference[0] = null;
            }
        } else {
            // Someone else will clean up this context.
            return callable.call((InternalContext) reference[0]);
        }
    }

    public String toString() {
        return new ToStringBuilder(Injector.class)
                .add("bindings", state.getExplicitBindingsThisLevel().values())
                .toString();
    }

    // ES_GUICE: clear caches
    public void clearCache() {
        state.clearBlacklisted();
        constructors = new ConstructorInjectorStore(this);
        membersInjectorStore = new MembersInjectorStore(this, state.getTypeListenerBindings());
        jitBindings = Maps.newHashMap();
    }

    // ES_GUICE: make all registered bindings act as eager singletons
    public void readOnlyAllSingletons() {
        readOnly = true;
        state.makeAllBindingsToEagerSingletons(this);
        bindingsMultimap = new BindingsMultimap();
        // reindex the bindings
        index();
    }
}
