[[repository-s3]]
=== S3 Repository Plugin

The S3 repository plugin adds support for using S3 as a repository for
{ref}/modules-snapshots.html[Snapshot/Restore].

*If you are looking for a hosted solution of Elasticsearch on AWS, please visit http://www.elastic.co/cloud.*

:plugin_name: repository-s3
include::install_remove.asciidoc[]

[[repository-s3-usage]]
==== Getting started with AWS

The plugin will default to using
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/iam-roles-for-amazon-ec2.html[IAM Role]
credentials for authentication. These can be overridden by, in increasing
order of precedence, system properties `aws.accessKeyId` and `aws.secretKey`,
environment variables `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` and `AWS_SECRET_KEY`, or the
elasticsearch config using `cloud.aws.access_key` and `cloud.aws.secret_key` or
if you wish to set credentials specifically for s3 `cloud.aws.s3.access_key` and `cloud.aws.s3.secret_key`:

[source,yaml]
----
cloud:
    aws:
        access_key: AKVAIQBF2RECL7FJWGJQ
        secret_key: vExyMThREXeRMm/b/LRzEB8jWwvzQeXgjqMX+6br
----

[[repository-s3-usage-security]]
===== Transport security

By default this plugin uses HTTPS for all API calls to AWS endpoints. If you wish to configure HTTP you can set
`cloud.aws.protocol` in the elasticsearch config. You can optionally override this setting per individual service
via: `cloud.aws.ec2.protocol` or `cloud.aws.s3.protocol`.

[source,yaml]
----
cloud:
    aws:
        protocol: https
        s3:
            protocol: http
        ec2:
            protocol: https
----

In addition, a proxy can be configured with the `proxy.host`, `proxy.port`, `proxy.username` and `proxy.password` settings
(note that protocol can be `http` or `https`):

[source,yaml]
----
cloud:
    aws:
        protocol: https
        proxy:
            host: proxy1.company.com
            port: 8083
            username: myself
            password: theBestPasswordEver!
----

You can also set different proxies for `ec2` and `s3`:

[source,yaml]
----
cloud:
    aws:
        s3:
            proxy:
                host: proxy1.company.com
                port: 8083
                username: myself1
                password: theBestPasswordEver1!
        ec2:
            proxy:
                host: proxy2.company.com
                port: 8083
                username: myself2
                password: theBestPasswordEver2!
----

[[repository-s3-usage-region]]
===== Region

The `cloud.aws.region` can be set to a region and will automatically use the relevant settings for both `ec2` and `s3`.
You can specifically set it for s3 only using `cloud.aws.s3.region`.
The available values are:

* `us-east` (`us-east-1`) for US East (N. Virginia)
* `us-east-2` for US East (Ohio)
* `us-west` (`us-west-1`) for US West (N. California)
* `us-west-2` for US West (Oregon)
* `ap-south` (`ap-south-1`) for Asia Pacific (Mumbai)
* `ap-southeast` (`ap-southeast-1`) for Asia Pacific (Singapore)
* `ap-southeast-2` for Asia Pacific (Sydney)
* `ap-northeast` (`ap-northeast-1`) for Asia Pacific (Tokyo)
* `ap-northeast-2` (`ap-northeast-2`) for Asia Pacific (Seoul)
* `eu-west` (`eu-west-1`) for EU (Ireland)
* `eu-west-2` (`eu-west-2`) for EU (London)
* `eu-central` (`eu-central-1`) for EU (Frankfurt)
* `sa-east` (`sa-east-1`) for South America (São Paulo)
* `cn-north` (`cn-north-1`) for China (Beijing)
* `ca-central` (`ca-central-1`) for Canada (Central)

[[repository-s3-usage-signer]]
===== S3 Signer API

If you are using a S3 compatible service, they might be using an older API to sign the requests.
You can set your compatible signer API using `cloud.aws.signer` (or `cloud.aws.s3.signer`) with the right
signer to use.

If you are using a compatible S3 service which do not support Version 4 signing process, you may need to
use `S3SignerType`, which is Signature Version 2.

===== Read timeout

Read timeout determines the amount of time to wait for data to be transferred over an established,
open connection before the connection is timed out. Defaults to AWS SDK default value (`50s`).
It can be configured with `cloud.aws.read_timeout` (or `cloud.aws.s3.read_timeout`) setting:

[source, yaml]
----
cloud.aws.read_timeout: 30s
----

[[repository-s3-repository]]
==== S3 Repository

The S3 repository is using S3 to store snapshots. The S3 repository can be created using the following command:

[source,js]
----
PUT _snapshot/my_s3_repository
{
  "type": "s3",
  "settings": {
    "bucket": "my_bucket_name",
    "region": "us-west"
  }
}
----
// CONSOLE
// TEST[skip:we don't have s3 set up while testing this]

The following settings are supported:

`bucket`::

    The name of the bucket to be used for snapshots. (Mandatory)

`region`::

    The region where bucket is located. Defaults to US Standard

`endpoint`::

    The endpoint to the S3 API. Defaults to AWS's default S3 endpoint. Note
    that setting a region overrides the endpoint setting.

`protocol`::

    The protocol to use (`http` or `https`). Defaults to value of
    `cloud.aws.protocol` or `cloud.aws.s3.protocol`.

`base_path`::

    Specifies the path within bucket to repository data. Defaults to
    value of `repositories.s3.base_path` or to root directory if not set.

`access_key`::

    The access key to use for authentication. Defaults to value of
    `cloud.aws.access_key`.

`secret_key`::

    The secret key to use for authentication. Defaults to value of
    `cloud.aws.secret_key`.

`chunk_size`::

    Big files can be broken down into chunks during snapshotting if needed.
    The chunk size can be specified in bytes or by using size value notation,
    i.e. `1gb`, `10mb`, `5kb`. Defaults to `1gb`.

`compress`::

    When set to `true` metadata files are stored in compressed format. This
    setting doesn't affect index files that are already compressed by default.
    Defaults to `false`.

`server_side_encryption`::

    When set to `true` files are encrypted on server side using AES256
    algorithm. Defaults to `false`.

`buffer_size`::

    Minimum threshold below which the chunk is uploaded using a single
    request. Beyond this threshold, the S3 repository will use the
    http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/uploadobjusingmpu.html[AWS Multipart Upload API]
    to split the chunk into several parts, each of `buffer_size` length, and
    to upload each part in its own request. Note that setting a buffer
    size lower than `5mb` is not allowed since it will prevents the use of the
    Multipart API and may result in upload errors. Defaults to the minimum
    between `100mb` and `5%` of the heap size.

`max_retries`::

    Number of retries in case of S3 errors. Defaults to `3`.

`use_throttle_retries`::

    Set to `true` if you want to throttle retries. Defaults to AWS SDK default value (`false`).

`readonly`::

    Makes repository read-only. Defaults to `false`.

`canned_acl`::

    The S3 repository supports all http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl[S3 canned ACLs]
    : `private`, `public-read`, `public-read-write`, `authenticated-read`, `log-delivery-write`,
    `bucket-owner-read`, `bucket-owner-full-control`. Defaults to `private`.
    You could specify a canned ACL using the `canned_acl` setting. When the S3 repository
    creates buckets and objects, it adds the canned ACL into the buckets and objects.

`storage_class`::

    Sets the S3 storage class type for the backup files. Values may be
    `standard`, `reduced_redundancy`, `standard_ia`. Defaults to `standard`.
    Due to the extra complexity with the Glacier class lifecycle, it is not
    currently supported by the plugin. For more information about the
    different classes, see http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/storage-class-intro.html[AWS Storage Classes Guide]

`path_style_access`::

    Activate path style access for http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/VirtualHosting.html[virtual hosting of buckets].
    The default behaviour is to detect which access style to use based on the configured endpoint (an IP will result
    in path-style access) and the bucket being accessed (some buckets are not valid DNS names).

Note that you can define S3 repository settings for all S3 repositories in `elasticsearch.yml` configuration file.
They are all prefixed with `repositories.s3.`. For example, you can define compression for all S3 repositories
by setting `repositories.s3.compress: true` in `elasticsearch.yml`.

The S3 repositories use the same credentials as the rest of the AWS services
provided by this plugin (`discovery`). See <<repository-s3-usage>> for details.

Multiple S3 repositories can be created. If the buckets require different
credentials, then define them as part of the repository settings.

[[repository-s3-permissions]]
===== Recommended S3 Permissions

In order to restrict the Elasticsearch snapshot process to the minimum required resources, we recommend using Amazon
IAM in conjunction with pre-existing S3 buckets. Here is an example policy which will allow the snapshot access to an
 S3 bucket named "snaps.example.com". This may be configured through the AWS IAM console, by creating a Custom Policy,
 and using a Policy Document similar to this (changing snaps.example.com to your bucket name).

[source,js]
----
{
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Action": [
        "s3:ListBucket",
        "s3:GetBucketLocation",
        "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads",
        "s3:ListBucketVersions"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::snaps.example.com"
      ]
    },
    {
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject",
        "s3:DeleteObject",
        "s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
        "s3:ListMultipartUploadParts"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::snaps.example.com/*"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Version": "2012-10-17"
}
----
// NOTCONSOLE

You may further restrict the permissions by specifying a prefix within the bucket, in this example, named "foo".

[source,js]
----
{
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Action": [
        "s3:ListBucket",
        "s3:GetBucketLocation",
        "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads",
        "s3:ListBucketVersions"
      ],
      "Condition": {
        "StringLike": {
          "s3:prefix": [
            "foo/*"
          ]
        }
      },
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::snaps.example.com"
      ]
    },
    {
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject",
        "s3:DeleteObject",
        "s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
        "s3:ListMultipartUploadParts"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::snaps.example.com/foo/*"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Version": "2012-10-17"
}
----
// NOTCONSOLE

The bucket needs to exist to register a repository for snapshots. If you did not create the bucket then the repository
registration will fail. If you want elasticsearch to create the bucket instead, you can add the permission to create a
specific bucket like this:

[source,js]
----
{
   "Action": [
      "s3:CreateBucket"
   ],
   "Effect": "Allow",
   "Resource": [
      "arn:aws:s3:::snaps.example.com"
   ]
}
----
// NOTCONSOLE

[[repository-s3-endpoint]]
===== Using other S3 endpoint

If you are using any S3 api compatible service, you can set a global endpoint by setting `cloud.aws.s3.endpoint`
to your URL provider. Note that this setting will be used for all S3 repositories.

Different `endpoint`, `region` and `protocol` settings can be set on a per-repository basis
See <<repository-s3-repository>> for details.

[[repository-s3-aws-vpc]]
[float]
==== AWS VPC Bandwidth Settings

AWS instances resolve S3 endpoints to a public IP. If the elasticsearch instances reside in a private subnet in an AWS VPC then all traffic to S3 will go through that VPC's NAT instance. If your VPC's NAT instance is a smaller instance size (e.g. a t1.micro) or is handling a high volume of network traffic your bandwidth to S3 may be limited by that NAT instance's networking bandwidth limitations.

Instances residing in a public subnet in an AWS VPC will connect to S3 via the VPC's internet gateway and not be bandwidth limited by the VPC's NAT instance.

[[repository-s3-testing]]
==== Testing AWS

Integrations tests in this plugin require working AWS configuration and therefore disabled by default. Three buckets
and two iam users have to be created. The first iam user needs access to two buckets in different regions and the final
bucket is exclusive for the other iam user. To enable tests prepare a config file elasticsearch.yml with the following
content:

[source,yaml]
----
cloud:
    aws:
        access_key: AKVAIQBF2RECL7FJWGJQ
        secret_key: vExyMThREXeRMm/b/LRzEB8jWwvzQeXgjqMX+6br

repositories:
    s3:
        bucket: "bucket_name"
        region: "us-west-2"
        private-bucket:
            bucket: <bucket not accessible by default key>
            access_key: <access key>
            secret_key: <secret key>
        remote-bucket:
            bucket: <bucket in other region>
            region: <region>
	external-bucket:
	    bucket: <bucket>
	    access_key: <access key>
	    secret_key: <secret key>
	    endpoint: <endpoint>
	    protocol: <protocol>

----

Replace all occurrences of `access_key`, `secret_key`, `endpoint`, `protocol`, `bucket` and `region` with your settings.
Please, note that the test will delete all snapshot/restore related files in the specified buckets.

To run test:

[source,sh]
----
mvn -Dtests.aws=true -Dtests.config=/path/to/config/file/elasticsearch.yml clean test
----
