OpenSearch/docs/reference/modules/cross-cluster-search.asciidoc

[[modules-cross-cluster-search]]
== Cross Cluster Search

The _cross cluster search_ feature allows any node to act as a federated client across
multiple clusters. A cross cluster search node won't join the remote cluster, instead
it connects to a remote cluster in a light fashion in order to execute
federated search requests.

[float]
=== Using cross cluster search

Cross-cluster search requires <<modules-remote-clusters,configuring remote clusters>>.

[source,js]
--------------------------------
PUT _cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "cluster": {
      "remote": {
        "cluster_one": {
          "seeds": [
            "127.0.0.1:9300"
          ]
        },
        "cluster_two": {
          "seeds": [
            "127.0.0.1:9301"
          ]
        },
        "cluster_three": {
          "seeds": [
            "127.0.0.1:9302"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[setup:host]
// TEST[s/127.0.0.1:9300/\${transport_host}/]

To search the `twitter` index on remote cluster `cluster_one` the index name
must be prefixed with the cluster alias separated by a `:` character:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
GET /cluster_one:twitter/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "user": "kimchy"
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]
// TEST[setup:twitter]

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
  "took": 150,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0,
    "skipped": 0
  },
  "_clusters": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "skipped": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total" : {
        "value": 1,
        "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "cluster_one:twitter",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "0",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "user": "kimchy",
          "date": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
          "message": "trying out Elasticsearch",
          "likes": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"took": 150/"took": "$body.took"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"max_score": 1/"max_score": "$body.hits.max_score"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"_score": 1/"_score": "$body.hits.hits.0._score"/]


Indices can also be searched with the same name on different clusters:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
GET /cluster_one:twitter,twitter/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "user": "kimchy"
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

Search results are disambiguated the same way as the indices are disambiguated in the request. Even if index names are
identical these indices will be treated as different indices when results are merged. All results retrieved from a
remote index
will be prefixed with their remote cluster name:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
  "took": 150,
  "timed_out": false,
  "num_reduce_phases": 3,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0,
    "skipped": 0
  },
  "_clusters": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "skipped": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total" : {
        "value": 2,
        "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "twitter",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "0",
        "_score": 2,
        "_source": {
          "user": "kimchy",
          "date": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
          "message": "trying out Elasticsearch",
          "likes": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "cluster_one:twitter",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "0",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "user": "kimchy",
          "date": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
          "message": "trying out Elasticsearch",
          "likes": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"took": 150/"took": "$body.took"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"max_score": 1/"max_score": "$body.hits.max_score"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"_score": 1/"_score": "$body.hits.hits.0._score"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"_score": 2/"_score": "$body.hits.hits.1._score"/]

[float]
=== Skipping disconnected clusters

By default all remote clusters that are searched via Cross Cluster Search need to be available when
the search request is executed, otherwise the whole request fails and no search results are returned
despite some of the clusters are available. Remote clusters can be made optional through the
boolean `skip_unavailable` setting, set to `false` by default.

[source,js]
--------------------------------
PUT _cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "cluster.remote.cluster_two.skip_unavailable": true <1>
  }
}
--------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]
<1> `cluster_two` is made optional

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
GET /cluster_one:twitter,cluster_two:twitter,twitter/_search <1>
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "user": "kimchy"
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]
<1> Search against the `twitter` index in `cluster_one`, `cluster_two` and also locally

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
  "took": 150,
  "timed_out": false,
  "num_reduce_phases": 3,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0,
    "skipped": 0
  },
  "_clusters": { <1>
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 2,
    "skipped": 1
  },
  "hits": {
    "total" : {
        "value": 2,
        "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "twitter",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "0",
        "_score": 2,
        "_source": {
          "user": "kimchy",
          "date": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
          "message": "trying out Elasticsearch",
          "likes": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "cluster_one:twitter",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "0",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "user": "kimchy",
          "date": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
          "message": "trying out Elasticsearch",
          "likes": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"took": 150/"took": "$body.took"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"max_score": 1/"max_score": "$body.hits.max_score"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"_score": 1/"_score": "$body.hits.hits.0._score"/]
// TESTRESPONSE[s/"_score": 2/"_score": "$body.hits.hits.1._score"/]
<1> The `clusters` section indicates that one cluster was unavailable and got skipped

[float]
[[ccs-reduction]]
=== CCS reduction phase

Cross-cluster search requests can be executed in two ways:

- the CCS coordinating node minimizes network round-trips by sending one search
request to each cluster. Each cluster performs the search independently,
reducing and fetching results. Once the CCS node has received all the
responses, it performs another reduction and returns the relevant results back
to the user. This strategy is beneficial when there is network latency between
the CCS coordinating node and the remote clusters involved, which is typically
the case. A single request is sent to each remote cluster, at the cost of
retrieving `from` + `size` already fetched results. This is the default
strategy, used whenever possible. In case a scroll is provided, or inner hits
are requested as part of field collapsing, this strategy is not supported hence
network round-trips cannot be minimized and the following strategy is used
instead.

- the CCS coordinating node sends a <<search-shards,search shards>> request to
each remote cluster, in order to collect information about their corresponding
remote indices involved in the search request and the shards where their data
is located. Once each cluster has responded to such request, the search
executes as if all shards were part of the same cluster. The coordinating node
sends one request to each shard involved, each shard executes the query and
returns its own results which are then reduced (and fetched, depending on the
<<search-request-search-type, search type>>) by the CCS coordinating node.
This strategy may be beneficial whenever there is very low network latency
between the CCS coordinating node and the remote clusters involved, as it
treats all shards the same, at the cost of sending many requests to each remote
cluster, which is problematic in presence of network latency.

The <<search-request-body, search API>> supports the `ccs_minimize_roundtrips`
parameter, which defaults to `true` and can be set to `false` in case
minimizing network round-trips is not desirable.

Note that all the communication between the nodes, regardless of which cluster
they belong to and the selected reduce mode, happens through the
<<modules-transport,transport layer>>.