2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
[[ldap]]
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
=== Using LDAP to Authenticate Users
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
You can configure Shield to communicate with a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
|
|
|
|
(LDAP) directory to authenticate users. To integrate with LDAP, you configure an LDAP realm and
|
|
|
|
assign LDAP groups to Shield roles in the <<mapping-roles, role mapping file>>.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
To protect passwords, communications between Shield and the LDAP server should be encrypted
|
|
|
|
using SSL/TLS. Clients and nodes that connect via SSL/TLS to the LDAP server need to have the
|
|
|
|
LDAP server's certificate or the server's root CA certificate installed in their keystore or
|
|
|
|
truststore. For more information about installing certificates, see <<ssl-tls, Setting Up SSL>>.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
==== Configuring an LDAP Realm
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
LDAP stores users and groups hierarchically, similar to the way folders are grouped in a file
|
|
|
|
system. An LDAP directory's hierarchy is built from containers such as the
|
|
|
|
_organizational unit_ (`ou`), _organization_ (`o`), and _domain controller_ (`dc`).
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
The path to a entry is a _Distinguished Name_ (DN) that uniquely identifies a user or group.
|
|
|
|
User and group names typically have attributes such as a _common name_ (`cn`) or _unique ID_ (`uid`).
|
|
|
|
A DN is specified as a string, for example `"cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com"`. White space is ignored.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
The LDAP realm supports two modes of operation, a user search mode
|
|
|
|
and a mode with specific templates for user DNs. See <<ldap-settings, LDAP Realm Settings>>
|
|
|
|
for all of the options you can set for an LDAP realm.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[ldap-user-search]]
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
===== Configuring an LDAP Realm with User Search added[1.1.0]
|
|
|
|
LDAP user search is the most common mode of operation. In this mode, a specific user with
|
|
|
|
permission to search the LDAP directory is used to search for the user DN based on the username
|
|
|
|
and an LDAP attribute.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To configure an LDAP Realm with User Search:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. Add a realm configuration of type `ldap` to `elasticsearch.yml` in the
|
|
|
|
`shield.authc.realms` namespace. At a minimum, you must set the realm
|
|
|
|
`type` to `ldap`, specify the `url` of the LDAP server, and specify the container DN to search for
|
|
|
|
users with the `user_search.base_dn` option. If you are configuring multiple realms, you
|
|
|
|
should also explicitly set the `order` attribute to control the order in which the realms are
|
|
|
|
consulted during authentication. See <<ldap-settings, LDAP Realm Settings>>
|
|
|
|
for all of the options you can set for an LDAP realm.
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
For example, the following snippet shows an LDAP realm configured with a user search:
|
|
|
|
+
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
[source, yaml]
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
shield:
|
|
|
|
authc:
|
|
|
|
realms:
|
|
|
|
ldap1:
|
|
|
|
type: ldap
|
|
|
|
order: 0
|
|
|
|
url: "ldaps://ldap.example.com:636"
|
|
|
|
bind_dn: "cn=ldapuser, ou=users, o=services, dc=example, dc=com"
|
|
|
|
bind_password: changeme
|
|
|
|
user_search:
|
|
|
|
base_dn: "dc=example,dc=com"
|
|
|
|
attribute: cn
|
|
|
|
group_search:
|
|
|
|
base_dn: "dc=example,dc=com"
|
|
|
|
files:
|
|
|
|
role_mapping: "/mnt/elasticsearch/group_to_role_mapping.yml"
|
|
|
|
unmapped_groups_as_roles: false
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
. Restart Elasticsearch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
===== Configuring an LDAP Realm with User DN Templates
|
|
|
|
If your LDAP environment uses a few specific standard naming conditions for users, you can use
|
|
|
|
User DN templates to configure the realm. The advantage of this method is that a search does not
|
|
|
|
have to be performed to find the user DN. However, multiple bind operations might be needed to find
|
|
|
|
the correct user DN.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To configure an LDAP Realm with User Search:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. Add a realm configuration of type `ldap` to `elasticsearch.yml` in the
|
|
|
|
`shield.authc.realms` namespace. At a minimum, you must set the realm
|
|
|
|
`type` to `ldap`, specify the `url` of the LDAP server, and specify at least one template with
|
|
|
|
the `user_dn_templates` option. If you are configuring multiple realms, you
|
|
|
|
should also explicitly set the `order` attribute to control the order in which the realms are
|
|
|
|
consulted during authentication. See <<ldap-settings, LDAP Realm Settings>>
|
|
|
|
for all of the options you can set for an LDAP realm.
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
For example, the following snippet shows an LDAP realm configured with User DN templates:
|
|
|
|
+
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
[source, yaml]
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
shield:
|
|
|
|
authc:
|
|
|
|
realms:
|
|
|
|
ldap1:
|
|
|
|
type: ldap
|
|
|
|
order: 0
|
|
|
|
url: "ldaps://ldap.example.com:636"
|
|
|
|
user_dn_templates:
|
|
|
|
- "cn={0}, ou=users, o=marketing, dc=example, dc=com"
|
|
|
|
- "cn={0}, ou=users, o=engineering, dc=example, dc=com"
|
|
|
|
group_search:
|
|
|
|
base_dn: "dc=example,dc=com"
|
|
|
|
files:
|
|
|
|
role_mapping: "/mnt/elasticsearch/group_to_role_mapping.yml"
|
|
|
|
unmapped_groups_as_roles: false
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[ldap-settings]]
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
===== LDAP Realm Settings
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Common LDAP Realm Settings
|
|
|
|
|=======================
|
|
|
|
| Setting | Required | Description
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
| `type` | yes | Indicates the realm type. Must be set to `ldap`.
|
|
|
|
| `order` | no | Indicates the priority of this realm within the realm
|
|
|
|
chain. Realms with a lower order are consulted first.
|
|
|
|
Although not required, we recommend explicitly
|
|
|
|
setting this value when you configure multiple realms.
|
|
|
|
Defaults to `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.
|
|
|
|
| `enabled` | no | Indicates whether this realm is enabled or disabled.
|
|
|
|
Enables you to disable a realm without removing its
|
|
|
|
configuration. Defaults to `true`.
|
|
|
|
| `url` | yes | Specifies an LDAP URL of the form of
|
|
|
|
`ldap[s]://<server>:<port>`. Shield attempts to
|
|
|
|
authenticate against this URL.
|
2015-09-18 08:13:29 -04:00
|
|
|
| `user_group_attribute` | no | Specifies the attribute to examine on the user for group
|
|
|
|
membership. The default is `memberOf`. This setting will
|
|
|
|
be ignored if any `group_search` settings are specified.
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
| `group_search.base_dn` | no | Specifies a container DN to search for groups in which
|
|
|
|
the user has membership. When this element is absent,
|
2015-09-18 08:13:29 -04:00
|
|
|
Shield searches for the attribute specified by
|
|
|
|
`user_group_attribute` set on the user to determine
|
|
|
|
group membership.
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
| `group_search.scope` | no | Specifies whether the group search should be
|
|
|
|
`sub_tree`, `one_level` or `base`. `one_level` only
|
|
|
|
searches objects directly contained within the
|
|
|
|
`base_dn`. The default `sub_tree` searches all objects
|
|
|
|
contained under `base_dn`. `base` specifies that the
|
|
|
|
`base_dn` is a group object, and that it is the only
|
|
|
|
group considered.
|
|
|
|
| `group_search.filter` | no | Specifies a filter to use to lookup a group. If not
|
|
|
|
set, the realm searches for `group`,
|
|
|
|
`groupOfNames`, or `groupOfUniqueNames`, with the
|
|
|
|
attributes `member` or `memberOf`. Any instance of
|
|
|
|
`{0}` in the filter is replaced by the user
|
|
|
|
attribute defined in `group_search.user_attribute`
|
|
|
|
| `group_search.user_attribute` | no | Specifies the user attribute that is fetched and
|
|
|
|
provided as a parameter to the filter. If not set,
|
|
|
|
the user DN is passed to the filter.
|
|
|
|
| `unmapped_groups_as_roles` | no | Specifies whether the names of any unmapped LDAP groups
|
|
|
|
should be used as role names and assigned to the user.
|
|
|
|
Defaults to `false`.
|
|
|
|
| `connect_timeout` | no | Specifies the timeout period for establishing an
|
|
|
|
LDAP connection. An `s` at the end indicates seconds,
|
|
|
|
`ms` indicates milliseconds. Defaults to `5s` (5 seconds).
|
|
|
|
| `read_timeout` | no | The timeout period for an LDAP operation. An `s` at
|
|
|
|
the end indicates seconds, `ms` indicates
|
|
|
|
milliseconds. Defaults to `5s` (5 seconds).
|
|
|
|
| `files.role_mapping` | no | Specifies the path and file name for the
|
|
|
|
<<ldap-role-mapping, YAML role mapping configuration
|
|
|
|
file>>. Defaults to
|
|
|
|
`ES_HOME/config/shield/role_mapping.yml`.
|
|
|
|
| `follow_referrals` | no | Specifies whether Shield should
|
|
|
|
follow referrals returned by the LDAP server. Referrals
|
|
|
|
are URLs returned by the server that are to be used to
|
|
|
|
continue the LDAP operation (e.g. search). Defaults to
|
|
|
|
`true`.
|
|
|
|
| `hostname_verification` | no | Specifies whether hostname verification is performed when
|
|
|
|
connecting to an LDAP server. When `true`, the hostname
|
|
|
|
or IP address used in the `url` must match one of the
|
|
|
|
names in the certificate or the connection will not be
|
|
|
|
allowed. Due to its potential security impact,
|
|
|
|
`hostname_verification` is not exposed via the
|
|
|
|
{ref}/cluster-nodes-info.html#cluster-nodes-info[nodes
|
|
|
|
info API]. Defaults to `true`.
|
|
|
|
| `cache.ttl` | no | Specifies the time-to-live for cached user entries. A
|
|
|
|
user's credentials are cached for this period of time.
|
|
|
|
Specify the time period using the standard Elasticsearch
|
|
|
|
{ref}/common-options.html#time-units[time units].
|
|
|
|
Defaults to `20m`.
|
|
|
|
| `cache.max_users` | no | Specifies the maximum number of user entries that can be
|
|
|
|
stored in the cache at one time. Defaults to 100,000.
|
|
|
|
| `cache.hash_algo` | no | Specifies the hashing algorithm that is used for the
|
|
|
|
cached user credentials. See <<cache-hash-algo,
|
|
|
|
Cache hash algorithms>> for the possible values.
|
|
|
|
(Expert Setting)
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|=======================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.User Template LDAP Realm Settings
|
|
|
|
|=======================
|
|
|
|
| Setting | Required | Description
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
| `user_dn_templates` | yes | Specifies the DN template that replaces the user name
|
|
|
|
with the string `{0}`. This element is multivalued,
|
|
|
|
allowing for multiple user contexts.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|=======================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.User Search LDAP Realm Settings added[1.1.0]
|
|
|
|
|=======================
|
|
|
|
| Setting | Required | Description
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
| `bind_dn` | no | The DN of the user that is used to
|
|
|
|
bind to the LDAP and perform searches. If
|
|
|
|
not specified, an anonymous bind
|
|
|
|
is attempted. Due to its potential security
|
|
|
|
impact, `hostname_verification` is not
|
|
|
|
exposed via the
|
|
|
|
{ref}/cluster-nodes-info.html#cluster-nodes-info[
|
|
|
|
nodes info API].
|
|
|
|
| `bind_password` | no | The password for the user that is used
|
|
|
|
to bind to the LDAP. Due to its potential
|
|
|
|
security impact, `hostname_verification` is
|
|
|
|
not exposed via the
|
|
|
|
{ref}/cluster-nodes-info.html#cluster-nodes-info[
|
|
|
|
nodes info API].
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
| `user_search.base_dn` | yes | Specifies a container DN to search for users.
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
| `user_search.scope` | no | The scope of the user search. Valid values
|
|
|
|
are `sub_tree`, `one_level` or `base`.
|
|
|
|
`one_level` only searches objects directly
|
|
|
|
contained within the `base_dn`.
|
|
|
|
`sub_tree` searches all objects contained
|
|
|
|
under `base_dn`. `base` specifies that the
|
|
|
|
`base_dn` is the user object, and that it is
|
|
|
|
the only user considered. Defaults to
|
|
|
|
`sub_tree`.
|
|
|
|
| `user_search.attribute` | no | Specifies the attribute to match with the
|
|
|
|
username presented to Shield. Defaults to
|
|
|
|
`uid`.
|
|
|
|
| `user_search.pool.size` | no | Specifies the maximum number of connections
|
|
|
|
to the LDAP server to allow in the connection
|
|
|
|
pool. Defaults to `20`.
|
|
|
|
| `user_search.pool.initial_size` | no | The initial number of connections to create
|
|
|
|
to the LDAP server on startup. Defaults to `5`.
|
|
|
|
| `user_search.pool.health_check.enabled` | no | Enables or disables a health check on
|
|
|
|
LDAP connections in the connection pool.
|
|
|
|
Connections are checked in the background at
|
|
|
|
the specified interval. Defaults to `true`.
|
|
|
|
| `user_search.pool.health_check.dn` | no | Specifies the distinguished name to retrieve
|
|
|
|
as part of the health check. Defaults to the
|
|
|
|
value of `bind_dn`. If `bind_dn` is not
|
|
|
|
configured, you must specify a value.
|
|
|
|
| `user_search.pool.health_check.interval` | no | How often to perform background checks
|
|
|
|
of connections in the pool. Defaults to
|
|
|
|
`60s`.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|=======================
|
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
NOTE: If any settings starting with `user_search` are specified, the `user_dn_templates`
|
|
|
|
the settings are ignored.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
[[assigning-roles-ldap]]
|
|
|
|
==== Assigning LDAP Groups to Roles
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
To configure privileges for LDAP users, you assign LDAP groups to roles in
|
|
|
|
the role mapping file stored on each node. When a user authenticates with LDAP,
|
|
|
|
the privileges for that user are the union of all privileges defined by
|
|
|
|
the roles assigned to the set of groups that the user belongs to.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
You specify groups using their distinguished names. For example, the following mapping
|
|
|
|
configuration assigns the LDAP `admins` group both the `monitoring` and `user` roles, and
|
|
|
|
assigns the `user` role to the `users` group.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
[source, yaml]
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
monitoring: <1>
|
|
|
|
- "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com" <2>
|
|
|
|
user:
|
|
|
|
- "cn=users,dc=example,dc=com" <3>
|
|
|
|
- "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com"
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
<1> The name of a role defined in <<defining-roles, `roles.yml`>>.
|
|
|
|
<2> The distinguished name of the `admins` group.
|
|
|
|
<3> The distinguished name of the `users` group.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
For more information, see <<mapping-roles, Mapping Users and Groups to Roles>>.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
==== Encrypting Communications Between Shield and LDAP with SSL/TLS
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
You should encrypt communications between Shield and your LDAP server to protect the user
|
|
|
|
credentials that are sent to for authentication. Connecting via SSL/TLS
|
|
|
|
ensures that the identity of the LDAP server is authenticated before Shield
|
|
|
|
transmits the user credentials, and the user names and passwords are encrypted in transit.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
To encrypt communications between Shield and your LDAP server:
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
. Configure each node to trust certificates signed by the CA that signed your LDAP server
|
|
|
|
certificates. For example, the following command imports `cacert.pem`
|
|
|
|
into node01's keystore. (For information about using truststores, see <<create-truststore,
|
|
|
|
Configuring a Separate Truststore>>.)
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
[source,shell]
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
cd CONFIG_DIR/shield
|
|
|
|
keytool -importcert -keystore node01.jks -file cacert.pem -alias ldap_ca
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
The CA cert must be a PEM encoded certificate.
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
|
|
===============================
|
|
|
|
You can also import the individual server certificates rather than the CA certificate, but
|
|
|
|
this is only recommended if you have a single LDAP server.
|
|
|
|
You can fetch the LDAP server certificate with `openssl`.
|
|
|
|
For example, the following command gets the certificate for `ldap.example.com` and stores it locally
|
|
|
|
in `ldap.crt`.
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
[source, shell]
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
echo | openssl s_client -connect ldap.example.com:636 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 > ldap.crt
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
If you are using an older version of openssl you might need to use use the `-host` and
|
|
|
|
`-port` options rather than the `-connect` option.
|
|
|
|
===============================
|
2015-07-13 06:31:34 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-14 17:51:21 -04:00
|
|
|
. If you haven't already configured the path to the node's keystore or truststore in
|
|
|
|
`elasticsearch.yml`, set the `shield.ssl.keystore.path` or `shield.ssl.truststore.path`
|
|
|
|
attributes. For example:
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
[source, yaml]
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
shield.ssl.keystore.path: /home/es/config/shield/node01.jks <1>
|
|
|
|
shield.ssl.keystore.password: myPass <2>
|
|
|
|
shield.ssl.keystore.key_password: myKeyPass <3>
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
<1> The full path to the node keystore file. This must be a location within the Elasticsearch
|
|
|
|
configuration directory.
|
|
|
|
<2> The password used to access the keystore.
|
|
|
|
<3> The password used to access the certificate. This is only required if you specified a separate
|
|
|
|
certificate password when generating the certificate.
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
For more information, see <<ssl-tls, Enabling SSL/TLS in the Node Configuration>>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. Set the `url` attribute in the realm configuration to specify the LDAPS protocol and
|
|
|
|
the secure port number. For example, `url: ldaps://ldap.example.com:636`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. Restart Elasticsearch to pick up the changes to `elasticsearch.yml`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE: By default, when you configure Shield to connect to an LDAP server using SSL/TLS,
|
|
|
|
Shield attempts to verify the hostname or IP address specified with the `url` attribute in
|
|
|
|
the realm configuration with the values in the certificate. If the values in the certificate
|
|
|
|
and realm configuration do not match, Shield does not allow a connection to the LDAP server.
|
|
|
|
This is done to protect against man in the middle attacks. If necessary,
|
|
|
|
you can disable this behavior by setting the <<ref-ssl-tls-settings, `hostname_verification`>>
|
|
|
|
property to `false`. `hostname_verification` is considered to be a sensitive setting and
|
|
|
|
is not exposed via {ref}/cluster-nodes-info.html#cluster-nodes-info[nodes info API].
|