OpenSearch/docs/reference/data-frames/apis/put-transform.asciidoc

[role="xpack"]
[testenv="basic"]
[[put-data-frame-transform]]
=== Create {dataframe-transforms} API

[subs="attributes"]
++++
<titleabbrev>Create {dataframe-transforms}</titleabbrev>
++++

Instantiates a {dataframe-transform}.

beta[]

[[put-data-frame-transform-request]]
==== {api-request-title}

`PUT _data_frame/transforms/<data_frame_transform_id>`

[[put-data-frame-transform-prereqs]]
==== {api-prereq-title}

* If the {es} {security-features} are enabled, you must have
`manage_data_frame_transforms` cluster privileges to use this API. The built-in
`data_frame_transforms_admin` role has these privileges. You must also
have `read` and `view_index_metadata` privileges on the source index and `read`,
`create_index`, and `index` privileges on the destination index. For more
information, see {stack-ov}/security-privileges.html[Security privileges] and
{stack-ov}/built-in-roles.html[Built-in roles].

[[put-data-frame-transform-desc]]
==== {api-description-title}

This API defines a {dataframe-transform}, which copies data from source indices,
transforms it, and persists it into an entity-centric destination index. The
entities are defined by the set of `group_by` fields in the `pivot` object. You
can also think of the destination index as a two-dimensional tabular data
structure (known as a {dataframe}). The ID for each document in the
{dataframe} is generated from a hash of the entity, so there is a unique row
per entity. For more information, see
{stack-ov}/ml-dataframes.html[{dataframe-transforms-cap}].

When the {dataframe-transform} is created, a series of validations occur to
ensure its success. For example, there is a check for the existence of the
source indices and a check that the destination index is not part of the source
index pattern. You can use the `defer_validation` parameter to skip these
checks.

Deferred validations are always run when the {dataframe-transform} is started,
with the exception of privilege checks. When {es} {security-features} are
enabled, the {dataframe-transform} remembers which roles the user that created
it had at the time of creation and uses those same roles. If those roles do not
have the required privileges on the source and destination indices, the
{dataframe-transform} fails when it attempts unauthorized operations.

IMPORTANT:  You must use {kib} or this API to create a {dataframe-transform}.
            Do not put a {dataframe-transform} directly into any
            `.data-frame-internal*` indices using the Elasticsearch index API.
            If {es} {security-features} are enabled, do not give users any
            privileges on `.data-frame-internal*` indices.

[[put-data-frame-transform-path-parms]]
==== {api-path-parms-title}

`<data_frame_transform_id>`::
  (Required, string) Identifier for the {dataframe-transform}. This identifier
  can contain lowercase alphanumeric characters (a-z and 0-9), hyphens, and
  underscores. It must start and end with alphanumeric characters.

[[put-data-frame-transform-query-parms]]
==== {api-query-parms-title}

`defer_validation`::
  (Optional, boolean) When `true`, deferrable validations are not run. This
  behavior may be desired if the source index does not exist until after the
  {dataframe-transform} is created.

[[put-data-frame-transform-request-body]]
==== {api-request-body-title}

`description`::
  (Optional, string) Free text description of the {dataframe-transform}.

`dest`::
  (Required, object) Required. The destination configuration, which has the
  following properties:
  
  `index`:::
    (Required, string) The _destination index_ for the {dataframe-transform}.

  `pipeline`:::
    (Optional, string) The unique identifier for a <<pipeline,pipeline>>.

`frequency`::
  (Optional, <<time-units, time units>>) The interval between checks for changes in the source
  indices when the {dataframe-transform} is running continuously. Also determines
  the retry interval in the event of transient failures while the {dataframe-transform} is
  searching or indexing. The minimum value is `1s` and the maximum is `1h`. The
  default value is `1m`.

`pivot`::
  (Required, object) Defines the pivot function `group by` fields and the aggregation to
  reduce the data. See <<data-frame-transform-pivot>>.

`source`::
  (Required, object) The source configuration, which has the following
  properties:
  
  `index`:::
    (Required, string or array) The _source indices_ for the
    {dataframe-transform}. It can be a single index, an index pattern (for
    example, `"myindex*"`), or an array of indices (for example,
    `["index1", "index2"]`).
    
    `query`:::
      (Optional, object) A query clause that retrieves a subset of data from the
      source index. See <<query-dsl>>.
  
`sync`::
  (Optional, object) Defines the properties required to run continuously.
  `time`:::
    (Required, object) Specifies that the {dataframe-transform} uses a time
    field to synchronize the source and destination indices.
    `field`::::
      (Required, string) The date field that is used to identify new documents
      in the source.
+
--
TIP: In general, it’s a good idea to use a field that contains the
<<accessing-ingest-metadata,ingest timestamp>>. If you use a different field,
you might need to set the `delay` such that it accounts for data transmission
delays.

--
    `delay`::::
      (Optional, <<time-units, time units>>) The time delay between the current time and the
      latest input data time. The default value is `60s`.

[[put-data-frame-transform-example]]
==== {api-examples-title}

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT _data_frame/transforms/ecommerce_transform
{
  "source": {
    "index": "kibana_sample_data_ecommerce",
    "query": {
      "term": {
        "geoip.continent_name": {
          "value": "Asia"
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "pivot": {
    "group_by": {
      "customer_id": {
        "terms": {
          "field": "customer_id"
        }
      }
    },
    "aggregations": {
      "max_price": {
        "max": {
          "field": "taxful_total_price"
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "description": "Maximum priced ecommerce data by customer_id in Asia",
  "dest": {
    "index": "kibana_sample_data_ecommerce_transform",
    "pipeline": "add_timestamp_pipeline"
  },
  "frequency": "5m",
  "sync": {
    "time": {
      "field": "order_date",
      "delay": "60s"
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TEST[setup:kibana_sample_data_ecommerce]

When the transform is created, you receive the following results:

[source,console-result]
----
{
  "acknowledged" : true
}
----