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[role="xpack"]
[testenv="basic"]
[[sql-functions-math]]
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=== Mathematical Functions
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All math and trigonometric functions require their input (where applicable)
to be numeric.
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[[sql-functions-math-generic]]
[float]
=== Generic
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[[sql-functions-math-abs]]
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==== `ABS`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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ABS(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: numeric
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_value[absolute value] of `numeric_exp`. The return type is the same as the input type.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[abs]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-cbrt]]
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==== `CBRT`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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CBRT(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_root[cube root] of `numeric_exp`.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineCbrtWithNegativeValue]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-ceil]]
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==== `CEIL/CEILING`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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CEIL(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: integer or long numeric value
.Description:
Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to `numeric_exp`.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineCeiling]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-e]]
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==== `E`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
E()
--------------------------------------------------
*Input*: _none_
*Output*: `2.718281828459045`
.Description:
Returns https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_%28mathematical_constant%29[Euler's number].
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathEulersNumber]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-exp]]
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==== `EXP`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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EXP(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> float numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function[Euler's number at the power] of `numeric_exp` e^numeric_exp^.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathExpInline]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-expm1]]
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==== `EXPM1`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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EXPM1(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
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<1> float numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html#expm1-double-[Euler's number at the power] of `numeric_exp` minus 1 (e^numeric_exp^ - 1).
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathExpm1Inline]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-floor]]
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==== `FLOOR`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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FLOOR(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
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<1> numeric expression
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*Output*: integer or long numeric value
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.Description:
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Returns the largest integer less than or equal to `numeric_exp`.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineFloor]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-log]]
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==== `LOG`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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LOG(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
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<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm[natural logarithm] of `numeric_exp`.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineLog]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-log10]]
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==== `LOG10`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
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--------------------------------------------------
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LOG10(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
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.Description:
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Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_logarithm[base 10 logarithm] of `numeric_exp`.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineLog10]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-pi]]
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==== `PI`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
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--------------------------------------------------
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PI()
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*: _none_
*Output*: `3.141592653589793`
.Description:
Returns https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi[PI number].
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathPINumber]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-power]]
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==== `POWER`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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POWER(
numeric_exp, <1>
integer_exp) <2>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
<2> integer expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the value of `numeric_exp` to the power of `integer_exp`.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlinePowerPositive]
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--------------------------------------------------
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlinePowerNegative]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-random]]
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==== `RANDOM/RAND`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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RANDOM(seed) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns a random double using the given seed.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathRandom]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-round]]
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==== `ROUND`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
----
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ROUND(
numeric_exp <1>
[, integer_exp]) <2>
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----
*Input*:
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<1> numeric expression
<2> integer expression; optional
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*Output*: numeric
.Description:
Returns `numeric_exp` rounded to `integer_exp` places right of the decimal point. If `integer_exp` is negative,
`numeric_exp` is rounded to |`integer_exp`| places to the left of the decimal point. If `integer_exp` is omitted,
the function will perform as if `integer_exp` would be 0. The returned numeric data type is the same as the data type
of `numeric_exp`.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathRoundWithPositiveParameter]
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--------------------------------------------------
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathRoundWithNegativeParameter]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-sign]]
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==== `SIGN/SIGNUM`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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SIGN(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: [-1, 0, 1]
.Description:
Returns an indicator of the sign of `numeric_exp`. If `numeric_exp` is less than zero, – 1 is returned. If `numeric_exp` equals zero, 0 is returned. If `numeric_exp` is greater than zero, 1 is returned.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineSign]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-sqrt]]
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==== `SQRT`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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SQRT(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root[square root] of `numeric_exp`.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineSqrt]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-truncate]]
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==== `TRUNCATE`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
----
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TRUNCATE(
numeric_exp <1>
[, integer_exp]) <2>
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----
*Input*:
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<1> numeric expression
<2> integer expression; optional
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*Output*: numeric
.Description:
Returns `numeric_exp` truncated to `integer_exp` places right of the decimal point. If `integer_exp` is negative,
`numeric_exp` is truncated to |`integer_exp`| places to the left of the decimal point. If `integer_exp` is omitted,
the function will perform as if `integer_exp` would be 0. The returned numeric data type is the same as the data type
of `numeric_exp`.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathTruncateWithPositiveParameter]
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--------------------------------------------------
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathTruncateWithNegativeParameter]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-trigonometric]]
[float]
=== Trigonometric
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[[sql-functions-math-acos]]
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==== `ACOS`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
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--------------------------------------------------
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ACOS(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
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Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[arccosine] of `numeric_exp` as an angle, expressed in radians.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineAcos]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-asin]]
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==== `ASIN`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
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--------------------------------------------------
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ASIN(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
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*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[arcsine] of `numeric_exp` as an angle, expressed in radians.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineAsin]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-atan]]
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==== `ATAN`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
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--------------------------------------------------
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ATAN(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[arctangent] of `numeric_exp` as an angle, expressed in radians.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineAtan]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-atan2]]
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==== `ATAN2`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
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--------------------------------------------------
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ATAN2(
ordinate, <1>
abscisa) <2>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
<2> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2[arctangent of the `ordinate` and `abscisa` coordinates] specified as an angle, expressed in radians.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineAtan2]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-math-cos]]
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==== `COS`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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COS(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#cosine[cosine] of `numeric_exp`, where `numeric_exp` is an angle expressed in radians.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineCosine]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-cosh]]
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==== `COSH`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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COSH(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function[hyperbolic cosine] of `numeric_exp`.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineCosh]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-cot]]
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==== `COT`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
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--------------------------------------------------
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COT(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#Cosecant,_secant,_and_cotangent[cotangent] of `numeric_exp`, where `numeric_exp` is an angle expressed in radians.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineCotangent]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-degrees]]
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==== `DEGREES`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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DEGREES(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Convert from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian[radians]
to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)[degrees].
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineDegrees]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-radians]]
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==== `RADIANS`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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RADIANS(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Convert from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)[degrees]
to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian[radians].
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineRadians]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-sin]]
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==== `SIN`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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SIN(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#sine[sine] of `numeric_exp`, where `numeric_exp` is an angle expressed in radians.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineSine]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-sinh]]
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==== `SINH`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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SINH(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function[hyperbolic sine] of `numeric_exp`.
["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineSinh]
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--------------------------------------------------
[[sql-functions-math-tan]]
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==== `TAN`
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.Synopsis:
[source, sql]
--------------------------------------------------
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TAN(numeric_exp) <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
*Input*:
<1> numeric expression
*Output*: double numeric value
.Description:
Returns the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#tangent[tangent] of `numeric_exp`, where `numeric_exp` is an angle expressed in radians.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/docs/docs.csv-spec[mathInlineTanget]
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--------------------------------------------------