OpenSearch/docs/reference/setup/important-settings.asciidoc

[[important-settings]]
== Important Elasticsearch configuration

While Elasticsearch requires very little configuration, there are a number of
settings which need to be configured manually and should definitely be
configured before going into production.

* <<path-settings,`path.data` and `path.logs`>>
* <<cluster.name,`cluster.name`>>
* <<node.name,`node.name`>>
* <<bootstrap.memory_lock,`bootstrap.memory_lock`>>
* <<network.host,`network.host`>>
* <<unicast.hosts,`discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts`>>
* <<minimum_master_nodes,`discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes`>>
* <<heap-dump-path,JVM heap dump path>>

[float]
[[path-settings]]
=== `path.data` and `path.logs`

If you are using the `.zip` or `.tar.gz` archives, the `data` and `logs`
directories are sub-folders of `$ES_HOME`.  If these important folders are
left in their default locations, there is a high risk of them being deleted
while  upgrading Elasticsearch to a new version.

In production use, you will almost certainly want to change the locations of
the data and log folder:

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
path:
  logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
  data: /var/data/elasticsearch
--------------------------------------------------

The RPM and Debian distributions already use custom paths for `data` and
`logs`.

The `path.data` settings can be set to multiple paths, in which case all paths
will be used to store data (although the files belonging to a single shard
will all be stored on the same data path):

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
path:
  data:
    - /mnt/elasticsearch_1
    - /mnt/elasticsearch_2
    - /mnt/elasticsearch_3
--------------------------------------------------

[float]
[[cluster.name]]
=== `cluster.name`

A node can only join a cluster when it shares its `cluster.name` with all the
other nodes in the cluster. The default name is `elasticsearch`, but you
should change it to an appropriate name which describes the purpose of the
cluster.

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
cluster.name: logging-prod
--------------------------------------------------

Make sure that you don't reuse the same cluster names in different
environments, otherwise you might end up with nodes joining the wrong cluster.

[float]
[[node.name]]
=== `node.name`

By default, Elasticsearch will take the 7 first character of the randomly generated uuid used as the node id.
Note that the node id is persisted and does not change when a node restarts and therefore the default node name
will also not change.

It is worth configuring a more meaningful name which will also have the
advantage of persisting after restarting the node:

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
node.name: prod-data-2
--------------------------------------------------

The `node.name` can also be set to the server's HOSTNAME as follows:

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
node.name: ${HOSTNAME}
--------------------------------------------------

[float]
[[bootstrap.memory_lock]]
=== `bootstrap.memory_lock`

It is vitally important to the health of your node that none of the JVM is
ever swapped out to disk.  One way of achieving that is set the
`bootstrap.memory_lock` setting to `true`.

For this setting to have effect, other system settings need to be configured
first. See <<mlockall>> for more details about how to set up memory locking
correctly.

[float]
[[network.host]]
=== `network.host`

By default, Elasticsearch binds to loopback addresses only -- e.g. `127.0.0.1`
and `[::1]`. This is sufficient to run a single development node on a server.

TIP: In fact, more than one node can be started from the same `$ES_HOME` location
on a single node.  This can be useful for testing Elasticsearch's ability to
form clusters, but it is not a configuration recommended for production.

In order to communicate and to form a cluster with nodes on other servers,
your node will need to bind to a non-loopback address.  While there are many
<<modules-network,network settings>>, usually all you need to configure is
`network.host`:

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
network.host: 192.168.1.10
--------------------------------------------------

The `network.host` setting also understands some special values such as
`_local_`, `_site_`, `_global_` and modifiers like `:ip4` and `:ip6`, details
of which can be found in <<network-interface-values>>.

IMPORTANT: As soon you provide a custom setting for `network.host`,
Elasticsearch assumes that you are moving from development mode to production
mode, and upgrades a number of system startup checks from warnings to
exceptions.  See <<dev-vs-prod>> for more information.

[float]
[[unicast.hosts]]
=== `discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts`

Out of the box, without any network configuration, Elasticsearch will bind to
the available loopback addresses and will scan ports 9300 to 9305 to try to
connect to other nodes running on the same server. This provides an auto-
clustering experience without having to do any configuration.

When the moment comes to form a cluster with nodes on other servers, you have
to provide a seed list of other nodes in the cluster that are likely to be
live and contactable.  This can be specified as follows:

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts:
   - 192.168.1.10:9300
   - 192.168.1.11 <1>
   - seeds.mydomain.com <2>
--------------------------------------------------
<1> The port will default to `transport.profiles.default.port` and fallback to `transport.tcp.port` if not specified.
<2> A hostname that resolves to multiple IP addresses will try all resolved addresses.

[float]
[[minimum_master_nodes]]
=== `discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes`

To prevent data loss, it is vital to configure the
`discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes` setting so that each master-eligible node
knows the _minimum number of master-eligible nodes_ that must be visible in
order to form a cluster.

Without this setting, a cluster that suffers a network failure is at risk of
having the cluster split into two independent clusters -- a split brain --
which will lead to data loss. A more detailed explanation is provided
in <<split-brain>>.

To avoid a split brain, this setting should be set to a _quorum_ of master-
eligible nodes:

    (master_eligible_nodes / 2) + 1

In other words, if there are three master-eligible nodes, then minimum master
nodes should be set to `(3 / 2) + 1` or `2`:

[source,yaml]
--------------------------------------------------
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
--------------------------------------------------

[float]
[[heap-dump-path]]
=== JVM heap dump path

The <<rpm,RPM>> and <<deb,Debian>> package distributions default to configuring
the JVM to dump the heap on out of memory exceptions to
`/var/lib/elasticsearch`. If this path is not suitable for storing heap dumps,
you should modify the entry `-XX:HeapDumpPath=/var/lib/elasticsearch` in
<<jvm-options,`jvm.options`>> to an alternate path.  If you specify a filename
instead of a directory, the JVM will repeatedly use the same file; this is one
mechanism for preventing heap dumps from accumulating in the heap dump path.
Alternatively, you can configure a scheduled task via your OS to remove heap
dumps that are older than a configured age.

Note that the archive distributions do not configure the heap dump path by
default. Instead, the JVM will default to dumping to the working directory for
the Elasticsearch process. If you wish to configure a heap dump path, you should
modify the entry `#-XX:HeapDumpPath=/heap/dump/path` in
<<jvm-options,`jvm.options`>> to remove the comment marker `#` and to specify an
actual path.