SQL: [docs] Add `beta[]` markup to all SQL pages (#36471)
Closes: #36437
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[[sql-syntax-reserved]]
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== Reserved keywords
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beta[]
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Table with reserved keywords that need to be quoted. Also provide an example to make it more obvious.
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The following table lists all of the keywords that are reserved in Presto,
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[[sql-concepts]]
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== Conventions and Terminology
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beta[]
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For clarity, it is important to establish the meaning behind certain words as, the same wording might convey different meanings to different readers depending on one's familiarity with SQL versus {es}.
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NOTE: This documentation while trying to be complete, does assume the reader has _basic_ understanding of {es} and/or SQL. If that is not the case, please continue reading the documentation however take notes and pursue the topics that are unclear either through the main {es} documentation or through the plethora of SQL material available in the open (there are simply too many excellent resources here to enumerate).
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[[sql-cli]]
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== SQL CLI
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beta[]
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Elasticsearch ships with a script to run the SQL CLI in its `bin` directory:
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[source,bash]
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[[sql-client-apps-dbeaver]]
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=== DBeaver
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beta[]
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[quote, https://dbeaver.io/]
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____
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https://dbeaver.io/[DBeaver] DBeaver is free and open source universal database tool for developers and database administrators.
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[[sql-client-apps-dbvis]]
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=== DbVisualizer
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beta[]
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[quote, http://www.dbvis.com/]
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____
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https://www.dbvis.com/[DbVisualizer] is a database management and analysis tool for all major databases.
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[[sql-client-apps]]
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== SQL Client Applications
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beta[]
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Thanks to its <<sql-jdbc, JDBC>> interface, a broad range of third-party applications can use {es}'s SQL capabilities.
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This section lists, in alphabetical order, a number of them and their respective configuration - the list however is by no means comprehensive (feel free to https://www.elastic.co/blog/art-of-pull-request[submit a PR] to improve it):
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as long as the app can use the {es-sql} driver, it can use {es-sql}.
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[[sql-client-apps-squirrel]]
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=== SQquirelL SQL
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beta[]
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[quote, http://squirrel-sql.sourceforge.net/]
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____
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http://squirrel-sql.sourceforge.net/[SQuirelL SQL] is a graphical, [multi-platform] Java program that will allow you to view the structure of a JDBC compliant database [...].
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[[sql-client-apps-workbench]]
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=== SQL Workbench/J
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beta[]
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[quote, https://www.sql-workbench.eu/]
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____
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https://www.sql-workbench.eu/[SQL Workbench/J] is a free, DBMS-independent, cross-platform SQL query tool.
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[[sql-jdbc]]
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== SQL JDBC
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beta[]
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{es}'s SQL jdbc driver is a rich, fully featured JDBC driver for {es}.
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It is Type 4 driver, meaning it is a platform independent, stand-alone, Direct to Database,
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pure Java driver that converts JDBC calls to {es-sql}.
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[[sql-rest]]
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== SQL REST API
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beta[]
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The SQL REST API accepts SQL in a JSON document, executes it,
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and returns the results. For example:
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[[sql-translate]]
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== SQL Translate API
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beta[]
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The SQL Translate API accepts SQL in a JSON document and translates it
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into native Elasticsearch queries. For example:
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[[sql-functions-aggs]]
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=== Aggregate Functions
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beta[]
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Functions for computing a _single_ result from a set of input values.
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{es-sql} supports aggregate functions only alongside <<sql-syntax-group-by,grouping>> (implicit or explicit).
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[[sql-functions-conditional]]
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=== Conditional Functions
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beta[]
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Functions that return one of their arguments by evaluating in an if-else manner.
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[[sql-functions-conditional-coalesce]]
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[[sql-functions-datetime]]
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=== Date and Time Functions
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beta[]
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* Extract the year from a date (`YEAR`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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[[sql-functions]]
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== Functions and Operators
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beta[]
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{es-sql} provides a comprehensive set of built-in operators and functions:
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* <<sql-operators, Operators>>
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[[sql-functions-math]]
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=== Math Functions
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beta[]
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All math and trigonometric functions require their input (where applicable)
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to be numeric.
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[[sql-operators]]
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=== Comparison Operators
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beta[]
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Boolean operator for comparing against one or multiple expressions.
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* Equality (`=`)
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[[sql-functions-search]]
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=== Full-Text Search Functions
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beta[]
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Search functions should be used when performing full-text search, namely
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when the `MATCH` or `QUERY` predicates are being used.
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Outside a, so-called, search context, these functions will return default values
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[[sql-functions-string]]
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=== String Functions
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beta[]
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Functions for performing string manipulation.
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[[sql-functions-string-ascii]]
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[[sql-functions-system]]
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=== System Functions
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beta[]
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These functions return metadata type of information about the system being queried.
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[[sql-functions-system-database]]
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[[sql-functions-type-conversion]]
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=== Type Conversion Functions
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beta[]
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Functions for converting an expression of one data type to another.
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[[sql-functions-type-conversion-cast]]
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[[sql-getting-started]]
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== Getting Started with SQL
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beta[]
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To start using {es-sql}, create
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an index with some data to experiment with:
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[partintro]
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--
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experimental[]
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beta[]
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X-Pack includes a SQL feature to execute SQL against Elasticsearch
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indices and return results in tabular format.
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[[sql-data-types]]
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== Data Types
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beta[]
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Most of {es} <<mapping-types, data types>> are available in {es-sql}, as indicated below:
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[cols="^,^,^",options="header"]
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[[sql-index-patterns]]
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== Index patterns
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beta[]
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{es-sql} supports two types of patterns for matching multiple indices or tables:
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* {es} multi-index
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[[sql-spec]]
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== SQL Language
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beta[]
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This chapter describes the SQL semantics supported in X-Pack namely:
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<<sql-data-types>>:: Data types
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[[sql-syntax-describe-table]]
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=== DESCRIBE TABLE
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beta[]
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.Synopsis
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[source, sql]
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----
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[[sql-commands]]
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== SQL Commands
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beta[]
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This section contains the list of SQL commands supported by {es-sql} along with their syntax:
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<<sql-syntax-describe-table>>:: Describe a table.
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[[sql-syntax-select]]
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=== SELECT
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beta[]
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.Synopsis
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[source, sql]
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----
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[[sql-syntax-show-columns]]
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=== SHOW COLUMNS
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beta[]
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.Synopsis
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[source, sql]
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----
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[[sql-syntax-show-functions]]
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=== SHOW FUNCTIONS
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beta[]
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.Synopsis
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[source, sql]
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----
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[[sql-syntax-show-tables]]
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=== SHOW TABLES
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beta[]
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.Synopsis
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[source, sql]
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----
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[[sql-overview]]
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== Overview
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beta[]
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{es-sql} aims to provide a powerful yet lightweight SQL interface to {es}.
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[[sql-introduction]]
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[[sql-security]]
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== Security
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beta[]
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{es-sql} integrates with security, if this is enabled on your cluster.
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In such a scenario, {es-sql} supports both security at the transport layer (by encrypting the communication between the consumer and the server) and authentication (for the access layer).
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