diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java
index 3cbfbfaff83..c58e13d65de 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java
@@ -2563,12 +2563,19 @@ public class InternalEngine extends Engine {
         return lastRefreshedCheckpointListener.refreshedCheckpoint.get();
     }
 
+
+    private final Object refreshIfNeededMutex = new Object();
+
     /**
      * Refresh this engine **internally** iff the requesting seq_no is greater than the last refreshed checkpoint.
      */
     protected final void refreshIfNeeded(String source, long requestingSeqNo) {
         if (lastRefreshedCheckpoint() < requestingSeqNo) {
-            refresh(source, SearcherScope.INTERNAL);
+            synchronized (refreshIfNeededMutex) {
+                if (lastRefreshedCheckpoint() < requestingSeqNo) {
+                    refresh(source, SearcherScope.INTERNAL);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java
index deb2f4c5496..379043fa939 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ package org.elasticsearch.index.engine;
 
 import com.carrotsearch.hppc.cursors.ObjectObjectCursor;
 import com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.generators.RandomNumbers;
-
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
@@ -5049,6 +5048,60 @@ public class InternalEngineTests extends EngineTestCase {
         assertThat(engine.lastRefreshedCheckpoint(), equalTo(engine.getLocalCheckpoint()));
     }
 
+    public void testLuceneSnapshotRefreshesOnlyOnce() throws Exception {
+        final MapperService mapperService = createMapperService("test");
+        final long maxSeqNo = randomLongBetween(10, 50);
+        final AtomicLong refreshCounter = new AtomicLong();
+        try (Store store = createStore();
+             InternalEngine engine = createEngine(config(defaultSettings, store, createTempDir(), newMergePolicy(),
+                 null,
+                 new ReferenceManager.RefreshListener() {
+                     @Override
+                     public void beforeRefresh() throws IOException {
+                         refreshCounter.incrementAndGet();
+                     }
+
+                     @Override
+                     public void afterRefresh(boolean didRefresh) throws IOException {
+
+                     }
+                 }, null, () -> SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED))) {
+            for (long seqNo = 0; seqNo <= maxSeqNo; seqNo++) {
+                final ParsedDocument doc = testParsedDocument("id_" + seqNo, null, testDocumentWithTextField("test"),
+                    new BytesArray("{}".getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset())), null);
+                engine.index(replicaIndexForDoc(doc, 1, seqNo, randomBoolean()));
+            }
+
+            final long initialRefreshCount = refreshCounter.get();
+            final Thread[] snapshotThreads = new Thread[between(1, 3)];
+            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            for (int i = 0; i < snapshotThreads.length; i++) {
+                final long min = randomLongBetween(0, maxSeqNo - 5);
+                final long max = randomLongBetween(min, maxSeqNo);
+                snapshotThreads[i] = new Thread(new AbstractRunnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onFailure(Exception e) {
+                        throw new AssertionError(e);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    protected void doRun() throws Exception {
+                        latch.await();
+                        Translog.Snapshot changes = engine.newChangesSnapshot("test", mapperService, min, max, true);
+                        changes.close();
+                    }
+                });
+                snapshotThreads[i].start();
+            }
+            latch.countDown();
+            for (Thread thread : snapshotThreads) {
+                thread.join();
+            }
+            assertThat(refreshCounter.get(), equalTo(initialRefreshCount + 1L));
+            assertThat(engine.lastRefreshedCheckpoint(), equalTo(maxSeqNo));
+        }
+    }
+
     public void testAcquireSearcherOnClosingEngine() throws Exception {
         engine.close();
         expectThrows(AlreadyClosedException.class, () -> engine.acquireSearcher("test"));
diff --git a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/EngineTestCase.java b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/EngineTestCase.java
index 3e563e6d538..bbe4dd268e5 100644
--- a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/EngineTestCase.java
+++ b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/EngineTestCase.java
@@ -573,7 +573,14 @@ public abstract class EngineTestCase extends ESTestCase {
 
     public EngineConfig config(IndexSettings indexSettings, Store store, Path translogPath, MergePolicy mergePolicy,
                                ReferenceManager.RefreshListener refreshListener, Sort indexSort, LongSupplier globalCheckpointSupplier) {
-        IndexWriterConfig iwc = newIndexWriterConfig();
+        return config(indexSettings, store, translogPath, mergePolicy, refreshListener, null, indexSort, globalCheckpointSupplier);
+    }
+
+    public EngineConfig config(IndexSettings indexSettings, Store store, Path translogPath, MergePolicy mergePolicy,
+                               ReferenceManager.RefreshListener externalRefreshListener,
+                               ReferenceManager.RefreshListener internalRefreshListener,
+                               Sort indexSort, LongSupplier globalCheckpointSupplier) {
+            IndexWriterConfig iwc = newIndexWriterConfig();
         TranslogConfig translogConfig = new TranslogConfig(shardId, translogPath, indexSettings, BigArrays.NON_RECYCLING_INSTANCE);
         Engine.EventListener listener = new Engine.EventListener() {
             @Override
@@ -581,12 +588,14 @@ public abstract class EngineTestCase extends ESTestCase {
                 // we don't need to notify anybody in this test
             }
         };
-        final List<ReferenceManager.RefreshListener> refreshListenerList =
-                refreshListener == null ? emptyList() : Collections.singletonList(refreshListener);
+        final List<ReferenceManager.RefreshListener> extRefreshListenerList =
+            externalRefreshListener == null ? emptyList() : Collections.singletonList(externalRefreshListener);
+        final List<ReferenceManager.RefreshListener> intRefreshListenerList =
+            internalRefreshListener == null ? emptyList() : Collections.singletonList(internalRefreshListener);
         EngineConfig config = new EngineConfig(shardId, allocationId.getId(), threadPool, indexSettings, null, store,
                 mergePolicy, iwc.getAnalyzer(), iwc.getSimilarity(), new CodecService(null, logger), listener,
                 IndexSearcher.getDefaultQueryCache(), IndexSearcher.getDefaultQueryCachingPolicy(), translogConfig,
-                TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5), refreshListenerList, Collections.emptyList(), indexSort,
+                TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5), extRefreshListenerList, intRefreshListenerList, indexSort,
                 new NoneCircuitBreakerService(),
                 globalCheckpointSupplier == null ?
                     new ReplicationTracker(shardId, allocationId.getId(), indexSettings, SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED, update -> {}) :