SQL: Fix incorrect parameter resolution (#63710) (#64615)

Summary of the issue and the root cause:

```
(1) SELECT 100, 100 -> success
(2) SELECT ?, ? (with params: 100, 100) -> success
(3) SELECT 100, 100 FROM test -> Unknown output attribute exception for the second 100
(4) SELECT ?, ? FROM test (params: 100, 100) -> Unknown output attribute exception for the second ?
(5) SELECT field1 as "x", field1 as "x" FROM test -> Unknown output attribute exception for the second "x"
```

There are two separate issues at play here:
1. Construction of `AttributeMap`s keeps only one of the `Attribute`s with the same name even if the `id`s are different (see the `AttributeMapTests` in this PR). This should be fixed no matter what, we should not overwrite attributes with one another during the construction of the `AttributeMap`.
2. The `id` on the `Alias`es is not the same in case the `Alias`es have the same `name` and same `child`

It was considered to simpy fix the second issue by just reassigning the same `id`s to the `Alias`es with the same name and child, but it would not solve the `unknown output attribute exception` (see notes below). This PR covers the fix for the first issue.

Relates to #56013

x-pack/plugin/ql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/ql/expression/AttributeMap.java

@@ -157,6 +157,10 @@ public class AttributeMap<E> implements Map<Attribute, E> {
         delegate = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Please use the {@link AttributeMap#builder()} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
     public AttributeMap(Map<Attribute, E> attr) {
         if (attr.isEmpty()) {
             delegate = emptyMap();
@@ -368,4 +372,28 @@ public class AttributeMap<E> implements Map<Attribute, E> {
     public String toString() {
         return delegate.toString();
     }
+
+    public static <E> Builder<E> builder() {
+        return new Builder<>();
+    }
+
+    public static class Builder<E> {
+        private final AttributeMap<E> map = new AttributeMap<>();
+
+        private Builder() {}
+
+        public Builder<E> put(Attribute attr, E value) {
+            map.add(attr, value);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder<E> putAll(AttributeMap<E> m) {
+            map.addAll(m);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public AttributeMap<E> build() {
+            return new AttributeMap<>(map);
+        }
+    }
 }

x-pack/plugin/ql/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/ql/expression/AttributeMapTests.java

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ package org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.tree.Source;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.type.DataTypes;
 
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -37,6 +39,47 @@ public class AttributeMapTests extends ESTestCase {
         return new AttributeMap<>(map);
     }
 
+    public void testAttributeMapWithSameAliasesCanResolveAttributes() {
+        Alias param1 = createIntParameterAlias(1, 100);
+        Alias param2 = createIntParameterAlias(2, 100);
+        assertTrue(param1.equals(param2));
+        assertTrue(param1.semanticEquals(param2));
+        // equality on literals
+        assertTrue(param1.child().equals(param2.child()));
+        assertTrue(param1.child().semanticEquals(param2.child()));
+        assertTrue(param1.toAttribute().equals(param2.toAttribute()));
+        assertFalse(param1.toAttribute().semanticEquals(param2.toAttribute()));
+
+        Map<Attribute, Expression> collectRefs = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        for (Alias a : Arrays.asList(param1, param2)) {
+            collectRefs.put(a.toAttribute(), a.child());
+        }
+        // we can look up the same item by both attributes
+        assertNotNull(collectRefs.get(param1.toAttribute()));
+        assertNotNull(collectRefs.get(param2.toAttribute()));
+        AttributeMap<Expression> attributeMap = new AttributeMap<>(collectRefs);
+
+        // validate that all Alias can be e
+        assertTrue(attributeMap.containsKey(param1.toAttribute()));
+        assertFalse(attributeMap.containsKey(param2.toAttribute())); // results in unknown attribute exception
+
+        AttributeMap.Builder<Expression> mapBuilder = AttributeMap.builder();
+        for (Alias a : Arrays.asList(param1, param2)) {
+            mapBuilder.put(a.toAttribute(), a.child());
+        }
+        AttributeMap<Expression> newAttributeMap = mapBuilder.build();
+
+        assertTrue(newAttributeMap.containsKey(param1.toAttribute()));
+        assertTrue(newAttributeMap.containsKey(param2.toAttribute())); // no more unknown attribute exception
+    }
+
+    private Alias createIntParameterAlias(int index, int value) {
+        Source source = new Source(1, index * 5, "?");
+        Literal literal = new Literal(source, value, DataTypes.INTEGER);
+        Alias alias = new Alias(literal.source(), literal.source().text(), literal);
+        return alias;
+    }
+
     public void testEmptyConstructor() {
         AttributeMap<Object> m = new AttributeMap<>();
         assertThat(m.size(), is(0));

x-pack/plugin/sql/qa/server/src/main/resources/select.sql-spec

@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ SELECT salary, first_name, salary AS x, salary y FROM test_emp ORDER BY y LIMIT
 
 constantWithLimit
 SELECT 3 FROM "test_emp" LIMIT 5;
+sameConstantsWithLimit
+SELECT 3, 3, 5 FROM "test_emp" LIMIT 5;
+sameConstantsWithLimitV2
+SELECT 5, 3, 3 FROM "test_emp" LIMIT 5;
+sameConstantsWithLimitV3
+SELECT 3, 5, 3, 3 FROM "test_emp" LIMIT 5;
 constantAndColumnWithLimit
 SELECT 3, first_name, last_name FROM "test_emp" ORDER BY emp_no LIMIT 5;
 constantComparisonWithLimit

x-pack/plugin/sql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/sql/analysis/analyzer/Verifier.java

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ public final class Verifier {
 
         if (failures.isEmpty()) {
             Set<Failure> localFailures = new LinkedHashSet<>();
-            final Map<Attribute, Expression> collectRefs = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+            AttributeMap.Builder<Expression> collectRefs = AttributeMap.builder();
 
             checkFullTextSearchInSelect(plan, localFailures);
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public final class Verifier {
                 }
             }));
 
-            AttributeMap<Expression> attributeRefs = new AttributeMap<>(collectRefs);
+            AttributeMap<Expression> attributeRefs = collectRefs.build();
 
             // for filtering out duplicated errors
             final Set<LogicalPlan> groupingFailures = new LinkedHashSet<>();

x-pack/plugin/sql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/sql/planner/QueryFolder.java

@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ class QueryFolder extends RuleExecutor<PhysicalPlan> {
                 EsQueryExec exec = (EsQueryExec) project.child();
                 QueryContainer queryC = exec.queryContainer();
 
-                Map<Attribute, Expression> aliases = new LinkedHashMap<>(queryC.aliases());
-                Map<Attribute, Pipe> processors = new LinkedHashMap<>(queryC.scalarFunctions());
+                AttributeMap.Builder<Expression> aliases = AttributeMap.<Expression>builder().putAll(queryC.aliases());
+                AttributeMap.Builder<Pipe> processors = AttributeMap.<Pipe>builder().putAll(queryC.scalarFunctions());
 
                 for (NamedExpression pj : project.projections()) {
                     if (pj instanceof Alias) {
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ class QueryFolder extends RuleExecutor<PhysicalPlan> {
                 }
 
                 QueryContainer clone = new QueryContainer(queryC.query(), queryC.aggs(), queryC.fields(),
-                        new AttributeMap<>(aliases),
+                        aliases.build(),
                         queryC.pseudoFunctions(),
-                        new AttributeMap<>(processors),
+                        processors.build(),
                         queryC.sort(),
                         queryC.limit(),
                         queryC.shouldTrackHits(),

x-pack/plugin/sql/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/sql/parser/ParamLiteralTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License;
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License.
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.parser;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.Literal;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.NamedExpression;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.UnresolvedAlias;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.predicate.operator.comparison.LessThan;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.plan.logical.Filter;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.plan.logical.LogicalPlan;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.plan.logical.Project;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.proto.SqlTypedParamValue;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.type.DateUtils.UTC;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.everyItem;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.startsWith;
+
+public class ParamLiteralTests extends ESTestCase {
+
+    private final SqlParser parser = new SqlParser();
+
+    private LogicalPlan parse(String sql, SqlTypedParamValue... parameters) {
+        return parser.createStatement(sql, Arrays.asList(parameters), UTC);
+    }
+
+    public void testMultipleParamLiteralsWithUnresolvedAliases() {
+        LogicalPlan logicalPlan = parse("SELECT ?, ? FROM test",
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 200)
+        );
+        List<? extends NamedExpression> projections = ((Project) logicalPlan.children().get(0)).projections();
+        assertThat(projections, everyItem(instanceOf(UnresolvedAlias.class)));
+        assertThat(projections.get(0).toString(), startsWith("100 AS ?"));
+        assertThat(projections.get(1).toString(), startsWith("200 AS ?"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMultipleParamLiteralsWithUnresolvedAliasesAndWhereClause() {
+        LogicalPlan logicalPlan = parse("SELECT ?, ?, (?) FROM test WHERE 1 < ?",
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 200),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 300)
+        );
+        Project project = (Project) logicalPlan.children().get(0);
+        List<? extends NamedExpression> projections = project.projections();
+        assertThat(projections, everyItem(instanceOf(UnresolvedAlias.class)));
+        assertThat(projections.get(0).toString(), startsWith("100 AS ?"));
+        assertThat(projections.get(1).toString(), startsWith("100 AS ?"));
+        assertThat(projections.get(2).toString(), startsWith("200 AS ?"));
+        assertThat(project.children().get(0), instanceOf(Filter.class));
+        Filter filter = (Filter) project.children().get(0);
+        assertThat(filter.condition(), instanceOf(LessThan.class));
+        LessThan condition = (LessThan) filter.condition();
+        assertThat(condition.left(), instanceOf(Literal.class));
+        assertThat(condition.right(), instanceOf(Literal.class));
+        assertThat(((Literal)condition.right()).value(), equalTo(300));
+    }
+
+    public void testParamLiteralsWithUnresolvedAliasesAndMixedTypes() {
+        LogicalPlan logicalPlan = parse("SELECT ?, ? FROM test",
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("text", "100")
+        );
+        List<? extends NamedExpression> projections = ((Project) logicalPlan.children().get(0)).projections();
+        assertThat(projections, everyItem(instanceOf(UnresolvedAlias.class)));
+        assertThat(projections.get(0).toString(), startsWith("100 AS ?"));
+        assertThat(projections.get(1).toString(), startsWith("100 AS ?"));
+    }
+
+    public void testParamLiteralsWithResolvedAndUnresolvedAliases() {
+        LogicalPlan logicalPlan = parse("SELECT ?, ? as x, ? FROM test",
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 200),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 300)
+        );
+        List<? extends NamedExpression> projections = ((Project) logicalPlan.children().get(0)).projections();
+        assertThat(projections.get(0).toString(), startsWith("100 AS ?"));
+        assertThat(projections.get(1).toString(), startsWith("200 AS x#"));;
+        assertThat(projections.get(2).toString(), startsWith("300 AS ?"));;
+    }
+
+}

x-pack/plugin/sql/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/sql/planner/QueryTranslatorTests.java

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.Attribute;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.Expression;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.FieldAttribute;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.Literal;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.ReferenceAttribute;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.function.FunctionDefinition;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.function.aggregate.AggregateFunction;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.expression.function.aggregate.Count;
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.plan.physical.EsQueryExec;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.plan.physical.PhysicalPlan;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.planner.QueryFolder.FoldAggregate.GroupingContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.planner.QueryTranslator.QueryTranslation;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.proto.SqlTypedParamValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.querydsl.agg.AggFilter;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.querydsl.agg.GroupByDateHistogram;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.querydsl.container.MetricAggRef;
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@ import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@ import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.type.SqlDataTypes.DATE;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.sql.util.DateUtils.UTC;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.endsWith;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.everyItem;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.startsWith;
 
@@ -132,7 +136,11 @@ public class QueryTranslatorTests extends ESTestCase {
     }
 
     private PhysicalPlan optimizeAndPlan(String sql) {
-        return  planner.plan(optimizer.optimize(plan(sql)), true);
+        return optimizeAndPlan(plan(sql));
+    }
+
+    private PhysicalPlan optimizeAndPlan(LogicalPlan plan) {
+        return planner.plan(optimizer.optimize(plan),true);
     }
 
     private QueryTranslation translate(Expression condition) {
@@ -143,6 +151,10 @@ public class QueryTranslatorTests extends ESTestCase {
         return QueryTranslator.toQuery(condition, true);
     }
 
+    private LogicalPlan parameterizedSql(String sql, SqlTypedParamValue... params) {
+        return analyzer.analyze(parser.createStatement(sql, Arrays.asList(params), org.elasticsearch.xpack.ql.type.DateUtils.UTC), true);
+    }
+
     public void testTermEqualityAnalyzer() {
         LogicalPlan p = plan("SELECT some.string FROM test WHERE some.string = 'value'");
         assertTrue(p instanceof Project);
@@ -2206,4 +2218,52 @@ public class QueryTranslatorTests extends ESTestCase {
             + "InternalSqlScriptUtils.asDateTime(params.a0),InternalSqlScriptUtils.asDateTime(params.v0)))\",\"lang\":\"painless\","
             + "\"params\":{\"v0\":\"2020-05-03T00:00:00.000Z\"}},\"gap_policy\":\"skip\"}}}}}}"));
     }
+
+    public void testFoldingWithParamsWithoutIndex() {
+        PhysicalPlan p = optimizeAndPlan(parameterizedSql("SELECT ?, ?, ? FROM test",
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 200)));
+        assertThat(p.output(), everyItem(instanceOf(ReferenceAttribute.class)));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(0).toString(), startsWith("?{r}#"));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(1).toString(), startsWith("?{r}#"));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(2).toString(), startsWith("?{r}#"));
+        assertNotEquals(p.output().get(1).id(), p.output().get(2).id());
+    }
+
+    public void testSameAliasForParamAndField() {
+        PhysicalPlan p = optimizeAndPlan(parameterizedSql("SELECT ?, int as \"?\" FROM test",
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100)));
+        assertThat(p.output(), everyItem(instanceOf(ReferenceAttribute.class)));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(0).toString(), startsWith("?{r}#"));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(1).toString(), startsWith("?{r}#"));
+        assertNotEquals(p.output().get(0).id(), p.output().get(1).id());
+    }
+
+    public void testSameAliasOnSameField() {
+        PhysicalPlan p = optimizeAndPlan(parameterizedSql("SELECT int as \"int\", int as \"int\" FROM test"));
+        assertThat(p.output(), everyItem(instanceOf(ReferenceAttribute.class)));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(0).toString(), startsWith("int{r}#"));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(1).toString(), startsWith("int{r}#"));
+    }
+
+    public void testFoldingWithMixedParamsWithoutAlias() {
+        PhysicalPlan p = optimizeAndPlan(parameterizedSql("SELECT ?, ? FROM test",
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("integer", 100),
+            new SqlTypedParamValue("text", "200")));
+        assertThat(p.output(), everyItem(instanceOf(ReferenceAttribute.class)));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(0).toString(), startsWith("?{r}#"));
+        assertThat(p.output().get(1).toString(), startsWith("?{r}#"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSameExpressionWithoutAlias() {
+        PhysicalPlan physicalPlan = optimizeAndPlan("SELECT 100, 100 FROM test");
+        assertEquals(EsQueryExec.class, physicalPlan.getClass());
+        EsQueryExec eqe = (EsQueryExec) physicalPlan;
+        assertEquals(2, eqe.output().size());
+        assertThat(eqe.output().get(0).toString(), startsWith("100{r}#"));
+        assertThat(eqe.output().get(1).toString(), startsWith("100{r}#"));
+        // these two should be semantically different reference attributes
+        assertNotEquals(eqe.output().get(0).id(), eqe.output().get(1).id());
+    }
 }