Put JVM crash logs in the default log directory (#29028)

This commit adds a JVM flag to ensure that the JVM fatal error logs land
in the default log directory. Users that wish to use an alternative
location should change the path configured here.

distribution/build.gradle

@@ -265,6 +265,12 @@ subprojects {
         'def': "#-XX:HeapDumpPath=/heap/dump/path"
       ],
 
+      'error.file': [
+        'deb': "-XX:ErrorFile=/var/log/elasticsearch/hs_err_pid%p.log",
+        'rpm': "-XX:ErrorFile=/var/log/elasticsearch/hs_err_pid%p.log",
+        'def': "#-XX:ErrorFile=/error/file/path"
+      ],
+
       'stopping.timeout': [
         'rpm': 86400,
       ],

distribution/src/config/jvm.options

@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@
 # ensure the directory exists and has sufficient space
 ${heap.dump.path}
 
+# specify an alternative path for JVM fatal error logs
+${error.file}
+
 ## JDK 8 GC logging
 
 8:-XX:+PrintGCDetails