Elasticsearch has long [supported](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs-index_.html#index-versioning) compare and set (a.k.a optimistic concurrency control) operations using internal document versioning. Sadly that approach is flawed and can sometime do the wrong thing. Here's the relevant excerpt from the resiliency status page:
> When a primary has been partitioned away from the cluster there is a short period of time until it detects this. During that time it will continue indexing writes locally, thereby updating document versions. When it tries to replicate the operation, however, it will discover that it is partitioned away. It won’t acknowledge the write and will wait until the partition is resolved to negotiate with the master on how to proceed. The master will decide to either fail any replicas which failed to index the operations on the primary or tell the primary that it has to step down because a new primary has been chosen in the meantime. Since the old primary has already written documents, clients may already have read from the old primary before it shuts itself down. The version numbers of these reads may not be unique if the new primary has already accepted writes for the same document
We recently [introduced](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.x/optimistic-concurrency-control.html) a new sequence number based approach that doesn't suffer from this dirty reads problem.
This commit removes support for internal versioning as a concurrency control mechanism in favor of the sequence number approach.
Relates to #1078
The following updates were made:
* Add deprecation warnings to `RestUpdateAction`, plus a test in `RestUpdateActionTests`.
* Deprecate relevant methods on the Java HLRC requests/ responses.
* Add HLRC integration tests for the typed APIs.
* Update documentation (for both the REST API and Java HLRC).
* Fix failing integration tests.
Because of an earlier PR, the REST yml tests were already updated (one version without types, and another legacy version that retains types).
This further applies the pattern set in #34125 to reduce copy-and-paste
in the single document CRUD portion of the High Level REST Client docs.
It also adds line wraps to snippets that are too wide to fit into the box
when rendered in the docs, following up on the work started in #34163.
Some features have been deprecated since `6.0` like the `_parent` field or the
ability to have multiple types per index. This allows to remove quite some
code, which in-turn will hopefully make it easier to proceed with the removal
of types.
Boaz Leskes
Julie Tibshirani
Nik Everett
Adrien Grand
Luca Cavanna