[role="xpack"]
[[ml-functions]]
= Function reference

The {ml-features} include analysis functions that provide a wide variety of
flexible ways to analyze data for anomalies.

When you create {anomaly-jobs}, you specify one or more detectors, which define
the type of analysis that needs to be done. If you are creating your job by
using {ml} APIs, you specify the functions in detector configuration objects.
If you are creating your job in {kib}, you specify the functions differently
depending on whether you are creating single metric, multi-metric, or advanced
jobs.

Most functions detect anomalies in both low and high values. In statistical
terminology, they apply a two-sided test. Some functions offer low and high
variations (for example, `count`, `low_count`, and `high_count`). These variations
apply one-sided tests, detecting anomalies only when the values are low or
high, depending one which alternative is used.

You can specify a `summary_count_field_name` with any function except `metric`.
When you use `summary_count_field_name`, the {ml} features expect the input
data to be pre-aggregated. The value of the `summary_count_field_name` field
must contain the count of raw events that were summarized. In {kib}, use the
**summary_count_field_name** in advanced {anomaly-jobs}. Analyzing aggregated
input data provides a significant boost in performance. For more information, see
<<ml-configuring-aggregation>>.

If your data is sparse, there may be gaps in the data which means you might have
empty buckets. You might want to treat these as anomalies or you might want these
gaps to be ignored. Your decision depends on your use case and what is important
to you. It also depends on which functions you use. The `sum` and `count`
functions are strongly affected by empty buckets. For this reason, there are
`non_null_sum` and `non_zero_count` functions, which are tolerant to sparse data.
These functions effectively ignore empty buckets.

* <<ml-count-functions>>
* <<ml-geo-functions>>
* <<ml-info-functions>>
* <<ml-metric-functions>>
* <<ml-rare-functions>>
* <<ml-sum-functions>>
* <<ml-time-functions>>