[role="xpack"] [[actions]] == Actions When a watch's condition is met, its actions are executed unless it is being <>. A watch can perform multiple actions. The actions are executed one at a time and each action executes independently. Any failures encountered while executing an action are recorded in the action result and in the watch history. NOTE: If no actions are defined for a watch, no actions are executed. However, a `watch_record` is still written to the watch history. Actions have access to the payload in the execution context. They can use it to support their execution in any way they need. For example, the payload might serve as a model for a templated email body. {watcher} supports the following types of actions: <>, <>, <>, <>, <>, and <>. [float] [[actions-ack-throttle]] === Acknowledgement and throttling During the watch execution, once the condition is met, a decision is made per configured action as to whether it should be throttled. The main purpose of action throttling is to prevent too many executions of the same action for the same watch. For example, suppose you have a watch that detects errors in an application's log entries. The watch is triggered every five minutes and searches for errors during the last hour. In this case, if there are errors, there is a period of time where the watch is checked and its actions are executed multiple times based on the same errors. As a result, the system administrator receives multiple notifications about the same issue, which can be annoying. To address this issue, {watcher} supports time-based throttling. You can define a throttling period as part of the action configuration to limit how often the action is executed. When you set a throttling period, {watcher} prevents repeated execution of the action if it has already executed within the throttling period time frame (`now - throttling period`). The following snippet shows a watch for the scenario described above - associating a throttle period with the `email_administrator` action: [source,console] -------------------------------------------------- PUT _watcher/watch/error_logs_alert { "metadata" : { "color" : "red" }, "trigger" : { "schedule" : { "interval" : "5m" } }, "input" : { "search" : { "request" : { "indices" : "log-events", "body" : { "size" : 0, "query" : { "match" : { "status" : "error" } } } } } }, "condition" : { "compare" : { "ctx.payload.hits.total" : { "gt" : 5 }} }, "actions" : { "email_administrator" : { "throttle_period": "15m", <1> "email" : { <2> "to" : "sys.admino@host.domain", "subject" : "Encountered {{ctx.payload.hits.total}} errors", "body" : "Too many error in the system, see attached data", "attachments" : { "attached_data" : { "data" : { "format" : "json" } } }, "priority" : "high" } } } } -------------------------------------------------- <1> There will be at least 15 minutes between subsequent `email_administrator` action executions. <2> See <> for more information. You can also define a throttle period at the watch level. The watch-level throttle period serves as the default throttle period for all of the actions defined in the watch: [source,console] -------------------------------------------------- PUT _watcher/watch/log_event_watch { "trigger" : { "schedule" : { "interval" : "5m" } }, "input" : { "search" : { "request" : { "indices" : "log-events", "body" : { "size" : 0, "query" : { "match" : { "status" : "error" } } } } } }, "condition" : { "compare" : { "ctx.payload.hits.total" : { "gt" : 5 }} }, "throttle_period" : "15m", <1> "actions" : { "email_administrator" : { "email" : { "to" : "sys.admino@host.domain", "subject" : "Encountered {{ctx.payload.hits.total}} errors", "body" : "Too many error in the system, see attached data", "attachments" : { "attached_data" : { "data" : { "format" : "json" } } }, "priority" : "high" } }, "notify_pager" : { "webhook" : { "method" : "POST", "host" : "pager.service.domain", "port" : 1234, "path" : "/{{watch_id}}", "body" : "Encountered {{ctx.payload.hits.total}} errors" } } } } -------------------------------------------------- <1> There will be at least 15 minutes between subsequent action executions (applies to both `email_administrator` and `notify_pager` actions) If you do not define a throttle period at the action or watch level, the global default throttle period is applied. Initially, this is set to 5 seconds. To change the global default, configure the `xpack.watcher.execution.default_throttle_period` setting in `elasticsearch.yml`: [source,yaml] -------------------------------------------------- xpack.watcher.execution.default_throttle_period: 15m -------------------------------------------------- {watcher} also supports acknowledgement-based throttling. You can acknowledge a watch using the <> to prevent the watch actions from being executed again while the watch condition remains `true`. This essentially tells {watcher} "I received the notification and I'm handling it, please do not notify me about this error again". An acknowledged watch action remains in the `acked` state until the watch's condition evaluates to `false`. When that happens, the action's state changes to `awaits_successful_execution`. To acknowledge an action, you use the <>: [source,console] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- POST _watcher/watch//_ack/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- // TEST[skip:https://github.com/elastic/x-plugins/issues/2513] Where `` is the id of the watch and `` is a comma-separated list of the action ids you want to acknowledge. To acknowledge all actions, omit the `actions` parameter. The following diagram illustrates the throttling decisions made for each action of a watch during its execution: image::images/action-throttling.jpg[align="center"] [role="xpack"] [[action-foreach]] === Running an action for each element in an array You can use the `foreach` field in an action to trigger the configured action for every element within that array. In order to protect from long running watches, you can use the `max_iterations` field to limit the maximum amount of runs that each watch executes. If this limit is reached, the execution is gracefully stopped. If not set, this field defaults to one hundred. [source,console] -------------------------------------------------- PUT _watcher/watch/log_event_watch { "trigger" : { "schedule" : { "interval" : "5m" } }, "input" : { "search" : { "request" : { "indices" : "log-events", "body" : { "query" : { "match" : { "status" : "error" } } } } } }, "condition" : { "compare" : { "ctx.payload.hits.total" : { "gt" : 0 } } }, "actions" : { "log_hits" : { "foreach" : "ctx.payload.hits.hits", <1> "max_iterations" : 500, "logging" : { "text" : "Found id {{ctx.payload._id}} with field {{ctx.payload._source.my_field}}" } } } } -------------------------------------------------- <1> The logging statement will be executed for each of the returned search hits. [role="xpack"] [[action-conditions]] === Adding conditions to actions When a watch is triggered, its condition determines whether or not to execute the watch actions. Within each action, you can also add a condition per action. These additional conditions enable a single alert to execute different actions depending on a their respective conditions. The following watch would always send an email, when hits are found from the input search, but only trigger the `notify_pager` action when there are more than 5 hits in the search result. [source,console] -------------------------------------------------- PUT _watcher/watch/log_event_watch { "trigger" : { "schedule" : { "interval" : "5m" } }, "input" : { "search" : { "request" : { "indices" : "log-events", "body" : { "size" : 0, "query" : { "match" : { "status" : "error" } } } } } }, "condition" : { "compare" : { "ctx.payload.hits.total" : { "gt" : 0 } } }, "actions" : { "email_administrator" : { "email" : { "to" : "sys.admino@host.domain", "subject" : "Encountered {{ctx.payload.hits.total}} errors", "body" : "Too many error in the system, see attached data", "attachments" : { "attached_data" : { "data" : { "format" : "json" } } }, "priority" : "high" } }, "notify_pager" : { "condition": { <1> "compare" : { "ctx.payload.hits.total" : { "gt" : 5 } } }, "webhook" : { "method" : "POST", "host" : "pager.service.domain", "port" : 1234, "path" : "/{{watch_id}}", "body" : "Encountered {{ctx.payload.hits.total}} errors" } } } } -------------------------------------------------- <1> A `condition` that only applies to the `notify_pager` action, which restricts its execution to when the condition succeeds (at least 5 hits in this case). include::actions/email.asciidoc[] include::actions/webhook.asciidoc[] include::actions/index.asciidoc[] include::actions/logging.asciidoc[] include::actions/slack.asciidoc[] include::actions/pagerduty.asciidoc[] include::actions/jira.asciidoc[] [float] [[actions-ssl-openjdk]] === Using SSL/TLS with OpenJDK As each distributor is free to choose how to package OpenJDK, it may happen, that even despite the exact same version, an OpenJDK distribution contains different parts under different Linux distributions. This can lead to issues with any action or input that uses TLS, like the `jira`, `pagerduty`, `slack`, or `webhook` one, because of missing CA certs. If you encounter TLS errors, when writing watches that connect to TLS endpoints, you should try to upgrade to the latest available OpenJDK distribution for your platform and if that does not help, try to upgrade to Oracle JDK.