[[modules-transport]]
== Transport

The transport module is used for internal communication between nodes
within the cluster. Each call that goes from one node to the other uses
the transport module (for example, when an HTTP GET request is processed
by one node, and should actually be processed by another node that holds
the data).

The transport mechanism is completely asynchronous in nature, meaning
that there is no blocking thread waiting for a response. The benefit of
using asynchronous communication is first solving the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10k_problem[C10k problem], as well as
being the ideal solution for scatter (broadcast) / gather operations such
as search in Elasticsearch.

[float]
=== TCP Transport

The TCP transport is an implementation of the transport module using
TCP. It allows for the following settings:

[cols="<,<",options="header",]
|=======================================================================
|Setting |Description
|`transport.tcp.port` |A bind port range. Defaults to `9300-9400`.

|`transport.publish_port` |The port that other nodes in the cluster
should use when communicating with this node. Useful when a cluster node
is behind a proxy or firewall and the `transport.tcp.port` is not directly
addressable from the outside. Defaults to the actual port assigned via
`transport.tcp.port`.

|`transport.bind_host` |The host address to bind the transport service to. Defaults to `transport.host` (if set) or `network.bind_host`.

|`transport.publish_host` |The host address to publish for nodes in the cluster to connect to. Defaults to `transport.host` (if set) or `network.publish_host`.

|`transport.host` |Used to set the `transport.bind_host` and the `transport.publish_host` Defaults to `transport.host` or `network.host`.


|`transport.tcp.connect_timeout` |The socket connect timeout setting (in
time setting format). Defaults to `30s`.

|`transport.tcp.compress` |Set to `true` to enable compression (`DEFLATE`)
between all nodes. Defaults to `false`.

|`transport.ping_schedule` | Schedule a regular application-level ping message
to ensure that transport connections between nodes are kept alive. Defaults to
`5s` in the transport client and `-1` (disabled) elsewhere. It is preferable
to correctly configure TCP keep-alives instead of using this feature, because
TCP keep-alives apply to all kinds of long-lived connections and not just to
transport connections.

|=======================================================================

It also uses the common
<<modules-network,network settings>>.

[float]
==== TCP Transport Profiles

Elasticsearch allows you to bind to multiple ports on different interfaces by
the use of transport profiles. See this example configuration

[source,yaml]
--------------
transport.profiles.default.port: 9300-9400
transport.profiles.default.bind_host: 10.0.0.1
transport.profiles.client.port: 9500-9600
transport.profiles.client.bind_host: 192.168.0.1
transport.profiles.dmz.port: 9700-9800
transport.profiles.dmz.bind_host: 172.16.1.2
--------------

The `default` profile is special. It is used as a fallback for any other
profiles, if those do not have a specific configuration setting set, and is how
this node connects to other nodes in the cluster.

The following parameters can be configured on each transport profile, as in the
example above:

* `port`: The port to bind to
* `bind_host`: The host to bind
* `publish_host`: The host which is published in informational APIs
* `tcp_no_delay`: Configures the `TCP_NO_DELAY` option for this socket
* `tcp_keep_alive`: Configures the `SO_KEEPALIVE` option for this socket
* `reuse_address`: Configures the `SO_REUSEADDR` option for this socket
* `tcp_send_buffer_size`: Configures the send buffer size of the socket
* `tcp_receive_buffer_size`: Configures the receive buffer size of the socket

[float]
==== Long-lived idle connections

Elasticsearch opens a number of long-lived TCP connections between each pair of
nodes in the cluster, and some of these connections may be idle for an extended
period of time. Nonetheless, Elasticsearch requires these connections to remain
open, and it can disrupt the operation of the cluster if any inter-node
connections are closed by an external influence such as a firewall. It is
important to configure your network to preserve long-lived idle connections
between Elasticsearch nodes, for instance by leaving `tcp_keep_alive` enabled
and ensuring that the keepalive interval is shorter than any timeout that might
cause idle connections to be closed, or by setting `transport.ping_schedule` if
keepalives cannot be configured.

[float]
=== Transport Tracer

The transport module has a dedicated tracer logger which, when activated, logs incoming and out going requests. The log can be dynamically activated
by settings the level of the `org.elasticsearch.transport.TransportService.tracer` logger to `TRACE`:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT _cluster/settings
{
   "transient" : {
      "logger.org.elasticsearch.transport.TransportService.tracer" : "TRACE"
   }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE

You can also control which actions will be traced, using a set of include and exclude wildcard patterns. By default every request will be traced
except for fault detection pings:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT _cluster/settings
{
   "transient" : {
      "transport.tracer.include" : "*",
      "transport.tracer.exclude" : "internal:discovery/zen/fd*"
   }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE